Sex and exercise-mode differences in post-exercise blood pressure and heart rate variability responses during a workday

Mariano, Igor Moraes; Domingos, Daniela Coelho; Ribeiro, Ana Luiza Amaral; Peçanha, Tiago; Simões, Herbert Gustavo; Puga, Guilherme Morais

doi:10.1590/S1980-6574201900010030

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Original Article • Motriz: rev. educ. fis. 25 (01) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-6574201900010030 copy

Sex and exercise-mode differences in post-exercise blood pressure and heart rate variability responses during a workday

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

AIMS

To assess the influences of sex and exercise mode on post-exercise Blood pressure (BP) immediately after exercise and during daily work.

METHODS

20 healthy adults (9F/11M), randomly underwent three experimental sessions prior to their work routine: RE- Circuit resistance exercise at 40% of 1RM, AE- Aerobic exercise at 60-70% of heart rate (HR) reserve and CON- Control session. BP was assessed before and along the 1^st hour of the post-intervention period (i.e. laboratory phase), and intermittently for 9h in the workplace. Results: RE promoted great BP reductions, but only in men, and this reduction persisted along the daily work (Men-RE: SBP= -1069±695 mmHg.540min; DBP= -612±325 mmHg.540min). On the other hand, AE produced slight DBP reduction in men during daily work (Men-AE: DBP= -241±730 mmHg.540min), and in women only in the laboratory phase (Women-AE: SBP= -108±65mmHg.60min).

CONCLUSION

Resistance exercise promotes a significant positive impact on BP in men but does not seem to be effective for women. On the other hand, AE produces moderate BP reductions in men and women.

Keywords:
exercise; post-exercise hypotension; sex distribution; heart rate; physiological stress

	Men (n=11)	Women (n=9)	All (n=20)
Age (years)	36.6 ± 10	40.0 ± 11.1	38.2 ± 10.4
BM (Kg)	83.7 ± 12.2^* * Difference with women; P≤0.05.	63.4 ± 6.1	74.6 ± 14.2
Height (m)	1.76 ± 0.05^* * Difference with women; P≤0.05.	1.59 ± 0.03	1.68 ±0.09
BMI (Kg/m²)	27 ± 3	25 ± 3	26 ± 3
WHR	0.86 ± 0.05^* * Difference with women; P≤0.05.	0.77 ± 0.06	0.82 ± 0.07
Resting SBP (mmHg)	123 ± 8^* * Difference with women; P≤0.05.	101 ± 7	113 ± 13
Resting DBP (mmHg)	73 ± 4^* * Difference with women; P≤0.05.	65 ± 5	70 ± 6
Resting HR (bpm)	71 ± 8	75 ± 10	73 ± 9
HR Max. (bpm)	183 ± 10	180 ± 11	182 ± 10
1RM Leg Press (Kg)	310 ± 55^* * Difference with women; P≤0.05.	175 ± 48	249 ± 86
1RM Lat. Pull down (Kg)	75 ± 11^* * Difference with women; P≤0.05.	41 ± 5	59 ± 19
1RM Leg Curl (Kg)	46 ± 13^* * Difference with women; P≤0.05.	24 ± 5	37 ± 15
1RM Chest Press (Kg)	58 ± 11^* * Difference with women; P≤0.05.	24 ± 4	43 ± 19
1RM Leg extension (Kg)	77 ± 18^* * Difference with women; P≤0.05.	41 ± 8	61 ± 23
1RM Low Rower (Kg)	67 ± 8^* * Difference with women; P≤0.05.	36 ± 3	53 ± 17
IPAQ - irregularly active	5 (45%)	5 (55%)	10 (50%)
IPAQ - Active	4 (36%)	2 (22%)	6 (30%)
IPAQ - Very Active	2 (18%)	2 (22%)	4 (20%)

n = 20 (9F and 11M)		CON		AE			RE
n = 20 (9F and 11M)		Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women
Laboratory	AUC of ΔSBP (mmHg.60min)	12±75	78±47	-147±64	-108±65	-230±81	153±71
Laboratory	AUC of ΔDBP (mmHg.60min)	186±63	114±56	55±74	149±22	-248±79^* * Difference with women.	78±42
Office	AUC of ΔSBP (mmHg.540min)	1725±861	1637±786	749±693	962±639	-1069±695^* * Difference with women.	2487±531
Office	AUC of ΔDBP (mmHg.540min)	1268±688	778±345	-241±730	680±476	-612±325^* * Difference with women.	1226±635
General	AUC of ΔSBP (mmHg.540min)	1718±908	1883±704	241±808	620±638	-1564±778^* * Difference with women.	2712±578
General	AUC of ΔDBP (mmHg.540min)	1651±724	1135±330	-175±777	892±426	-983±425^* * Difference with women.	1399±589

			Pre	15’	30’	45’	60’
MEN	CON	SDNN (ms)	68.7 ± 26.0	72.4 ± 33.6	66.6 ± 30.8	75.2 ± 39.0	78.0 ± 34.8
		RMSSD (ms)	43.0 ± 26.6	37.2 ± 19.3	35.9 ± 17.4	37.4 ± 21.5	42.9 ± 24.1
		pNN50 (%)	14.8 ± 11.8	13.8 ± 13.1	14.6 ± 13.5	14.1 ± 14.8	17.2 ± 15.0
		LF (nu)	71.8 ± 12.8	72.7 ± 18.1	72.3 ± 12.5	81.1 ± 10.1	74.2 ± 15.1
		HF (nu)	28.2 ± 12.8	27.3 ± 18.1	27.7 ± 12.5	18.9 ± 10.1	25.8 ± 15.1
	AE	SDNN (ms)	59.5 ± 26.7	32.7 ± 13.8^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment; ^† † Difference with control session.	42.6 ± 23.3^† † Difference with control session.	51.8 ± 26.6^† † Difference with control session.	54.3 ± 31.1^† † Difference with control session.
		RMSSD (ms)	34.3 ± 13.1	13.0 ± 7.7^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment; ^† † Difference with control session.	19.9 ± 12.1^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment; ^† † Difference with control session.	23.7 ± 12.1	24.6 ± 13.8^† † Difference with control session.
		pNN50 (%)	13.0 ± 9.9	1.2 ± 2.2^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment; ^† † Difference with control session.	3.6 ± 5.2^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment; ^† † Difference with control session.	6.5 ± 7.9^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment; ^† † Difference with control session.	6.3 ± 7.2^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment; ^† † Difference with control session.
		LF (nu)	67.2 ± 15.4	83.0 ± 9.2^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment;	80.5 ± 9.2^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment;	80.3 ± 10.8	84.9 ± 8.3^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment;
		HF (nu)	32.8 ± 15.4	17.0 ± 9.2^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment;	19.5 ± 9.2^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment;	19.7 ± 10.8	15.1 ± 8.3^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment;
	RE	SDNN (ms)	61.3 ± 23.1	24.3 ± 6.7^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment; ^† † Difference with control session.	28.4 ± 8.2^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment; ^† † Difference with control session.	40.5 ± 16.1^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment; ^† † Difference with control session.	41.2 ± 13.6^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment; ^† † Difference with control session.
		RMSSD (ms)	32.5 ± 11.5	10.6 ± 6.5^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment; ^† † Difference with control session.	11.5 ± 5.6^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment; ^† † Difference with control session.	18.9 ± 9.4^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment; ^† † Difference with control session.	18.4 ± 7.8^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment; ^† † Difference with control session.
		pNN50 (%)	11.2 ± 9.2	1.4 ± 2.7^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment; ^† † Difference with control session.	1.2 ± 1.8^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment; ^† † Difference with control session.	2.1 ± 2.2^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment; ^† † Difference with control session.	2.8 ± 3.1^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment; ^† † Difference with control session.
		LF (nu)	67.9 ± 14.3	77.9 ± 15.7	86.0 ± 7.6^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment; ^† † Difference with control session.	87.5 ± 7.2^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment;	84.5 ± 9.3^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment;
		HF (nu)	32.1 ± 14.3	22.1 ± 15.7	14.0 ± 7.6^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment;	12.5 ± 7.2^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment;	15.5 ± 9.3^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment;
WOMEN	CON	SDNN (ms)	57.9 ± 18.0	56.6 ± 25.6	64.1 ± 23.0	69.7 ± 20.9	74.6 ± 21.1^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment;
		RMSSD (ms)	33.3 ± 12.8	30.3 ± 13.7	38.1 ± 18.4	41.7 ± 16.9	42.8 ± 16.9
		pNN50 (%)	12.0 ± 9.4	12.1 ± 10.0	16.7 ± 12.6	19.0 ± 17.2	23.3 ± 16.1^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment;
		LF (nu)	68.5 ± 13.2	69.8 ± 16.0	71.5 ± 12.7	68.7 ± 21.4	65.4 ± 19.6
		HF (nu)	31.5 ± 13.2	30.2 ± 16.0	28.5 ± 12.7	31.3 ± 21.4	34.6 ± 19.6
	AE	SDNN (ms)	55.1 ± 21.2	46.6 ± 23.8	47.6 ± 27.1	48.9 ± 22.3^† † Difference with control session.	54.6 ± 20.4^† † Difference with control session.
		RMSSD (ms)	26.0 ± 14.6	26.2 ± 22.0	29.4 ± 15.9	25.8 ± 15.5^† † Difference with control session.	34.1 ± 18.8
		pNN50 (%)	8.6 ± 12.6	3.5 ± 3.6	7.9 ± 7.4	7.2 ± 10.0^† † Difference with control session.	15.4 ± 18.1
		LF (nu)	73.3 ± 10.6	73.7 ± 15.2	74.3 ± 11.2	73.1 ± 21.0	66.9 ± 27.9
		HF (nu)	26.7 ± 10.6	26.3 ± 15.2	25.7 ± 11.2	26.9 ± 21.0	33.1 ± 27.9
	RE	SDNN (ms)	56.3 ± 22.8	27.7 ± 11.8^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment; ^† † Difference with control session.	32.4 ± 10.3^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment; ^† † Difference with control session.	41.8 ± 10.6^† † Difference with control session.	44.1 ± 15.9^† † Difference with control session.
		RMSSD (ms)	35.1 ± 14.3	10.8 ± 7.2^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment; ^† † Difference with control session.	13.7 ± 7.1^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment; ^† † Difference with control session.	19.0 ± 7.7^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment; ^† † Difference with control session.	22.2 ± 10.5^† † Difference with control session.
		pNN50 (%)	16.7 ± 11.7	0.9 ± 2.3^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment; ^† † Difference with control session.	1.3 ± 2.0^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment; ^† † Difference with control session.	2.5 ± 2.8^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment; ^† † Difference with control session.	5.2 ± 6.2^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment; ^† † Difference with control session.
		LF (nu)	54.5 ± 16.7^† † Difference with control session.	77.8 ± 11.5^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment;	77.8 ± 12.9^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment;	72.2 ± 17.3^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment;	72.9 ± 11.8^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment;
		HF (nu)	45.5 ± 16.7^† † Difference with control session.	22.2 ± 11.5^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment;	22.2 ± 12.9^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment;	27.8 ± 17.3^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment;	27.1 ± 11.8^* * Difference with Pre-exercise moment;

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[1] Corresponding author:
Prof. Guilherme Morais Puga. Faculdade de Educação Física. Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Rua Benjamin Constant, 1286. Bairro: Aparecida. Uberlândia, MG, Brasil. ZIP code: 38400-678. gmpuga@gmail.com