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Motriz: Revista de Educação Física, Volume: 25, Número: 1, Publicado: 2019
  • Distance learning for teaching in physical education Mini-Review

    Silva, Regina Celia A.; Silva, Vera Lucia de F. F. e; Silva, André Pontes

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract The objective of this article is to show, by analyzing the curricula of the professional formation in Physical Education, that it is possible the formation of teachers in Distance Learning Physical Education courses since the act of reflecting before, during and after the pedagogical practice characterizes the quality of contemporary educational development. A qualitative research; the present study consists of an analysis of curricula and Professional Training of Distance Learning in Physical Education, subsidized in bibliographic research. As the traditional teaching model prioritizes the selection of the most skilled in the search for the hero athlete, the pedagogical proposal based on reflection is more interesting since not all students will be or wish to be athletes. In this way, distance learning for teaching in physical education seems to be an excellent educational strategy for our postmodern society.
  • Modernity and the regulation of bodies: Elias meets Foucault Mini-Review

    Martins, Carlos José; Muñoz, Jorge Andrés Jiménez

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT This article seeks to reflect on the possibility of a meeting ground where Michel Foucault and Norbert Elias’ thought comes together around the issue of the regulation of drives and bodily practices within modernity. Such drives - among which we highlight the use of force and violence, as well as the acceptable regulation of their release and applications - have been the object of particular procedures within the modern era, whether seen in relation to individuals or from to the social body.
  • Sex and exercise-mode differences in post-exercise blood pressure and heart rate variability responses during a workday Original Article

    Mariano, Igor Moraes; Domingos, Daniela Coelho; Ribeiro, Ana Luiza Amaral; Peçanha, Tiago; Simões, Herbert Gustavo; Puga, Guilherme Morais

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract AIMS To assess the influences of sex and exercise mode on post-exercise Blood pressure (BP) immediately after exercise and during daily work. METHODS 20 healthy adults (9F/11M), randomly underwent three experimental sessions prior to their work routine: RE- Circuit resistance exercise at 40% of 1RM, AE- Aerobic exercise at 60-70% of heart rate (HR) reserve and CON- Control session. BP was assessed before and along the 1st hour of the post-intervention period (i.e. laboratory phase), and intermittently for 9h in the workplace. Results: RE promoted great BP reductions, but only in men, and this reduction persisted along the daily work (Men-RE: SBP= -1069±695 mmHg.540min; DBP= -612±325 mmHg.540min). On the other hand, AE produced slight DBP reduction in men during daily work (Men-AE: DBP= -241±730 mmHg.540min), and in women only in the laboratory phase (Women-AE: SBP= -108±65mmHg.60min). CONCLUSION Resistance exercise promotes a significant positive impact on BP in men but does not seem to be effective for women. On the other hand, AE produces moderate BP reductions in men and women.
  • Morphological and nociceptive effects of mechanical vibration on the sciatic nerve of oophorectomized Wistar rats Original Article (Short Paper)

    Kakihata, Camila Mayumi Martin; Peretti, Ana Luiza; Wutzke, Maria Luiza Serradourada; Tavares, Alana Ludemila de Freitas; Ribeiro, Lucinéia de Fátima Chasko; Brancalhão, Rose Meire Costa; Bertolini, Gladson Ricardo Flor

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Aim: To evaluate the effects of whole-body vibration in the sciatic nerve of oophorectomized Wistar rats, on nociceptive and morphological parameters, such as fiber, axon, and myelin sheath diameters, G ratio, number of nerve fiber and nuclei of Schwann cells, and percentage of connective tissue. Method: Sixty-four rats were used in the groups sham-operate and oophorectomy (n = 32/group); after surgical procedures, each group was subdivided into four: euthanized in the 12th week, untreated and treated for four weeks; and euthanized in the 16th week, untreated and treated for eight weeks. The treatment with vibration was performed with a 60 Hz frequencies, for 10 minutes, three days a week, with duration of 4 or 8 weeks. Nociception was evaluated later, in the right paw, by means of a digital analgesimeter, prior to surgery, at the beginning and at the end of the protocol. After the trial period, the sciatic nerve was dissected for examination of the general morphology of the tissue and morphometric analysis; later, the animals were euthanized. Results: Regarding nociception and the morphometry of the sciatic nerve, independent of oophorectomy and treatment time, there was no statistically significant difference within and between groups. Also, the general morphology of the tissue in all groups had characteristics that were preserved. Conclusion: The mechanical vibration did not alter the nociceptive threshold and the morphological aspects of nerve fibers in oophorectomized Wistar rats.
  • Heart rate deflection point as an alternative to determining the anaerobic threshold in dyslipidaemic patients Original Article (Short Paper)

    Costa, Rochelle Rocha; Reichert, Thais; Barroso, Bruna Machado; Rocha, Vitória de Mello Bones da; Preissler, Artur Avelino Birk; Santiago, Éder; Gonçalves Junior, Eli; Fracalossi, Danielle Girolometto; Delevatti, Rodrigo Sudatti; Kruel, Luiz Fernando Martins

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Aim: The aim of the present study was to verify the agreement between the ventilatory method (VT) and the alternative method of heart rate deflection point (HRDP) in determining the anaerobic threshold (AT) during incremental treadmill test in dyslipidaemic patients. Methods: Twenty-seven dyslipidaemic patients (61.50 ± 10.46 years) performed an incremental treadmill test, in which the AT was determined using both methods. Bland-Altman statistics was adopted in order to verify the agreement between the methods. Results: Agreement in AT determination between the VT and HRDP methods was observed (p < 0.05) for heart rate (138.00 ± 23.80 and 136.26 ± 22.18 bpm, respectively), oxygen uptake (31.00 ± 10.33 and 31.00 ± 11.17 ml.kg−1.min−1), and treadmill velocity (7.67 ± 1.71 km.h-1and 8.00 ± 1.75 km.h-1). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the HRDP method can be adopted for the determination of the AT in dyslipidaemic patients, showing agreement with the VT method.
  • A detailed comparison of oxygen uptake kinetics at a range of exercise intensities Original Article (Short Paper)

    Clark, Cain C. T.; Draper, Stephen B.

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to comprehensively examine oxygen uptake (V̇O2) kinetics during cycling through mathematical modeling of the breath-by-breath gas exchange responses across eight conditions of unloaded cycling to moderate to high-intensity exercise. Methods: Following determination of GET and V̇O2peak, eight participants (age: 24±8y; height: 1.78±0.09m; mass: 76.5±10.1kg; V̇O2peak: 3.89±0.72 L.min-1) completed a series of square-wave rest-to-exercise transitions at; -20%∆ (GET minus 20% of the difference in V̇O2 between that at GET and VO2peak), -10%∆, GET, 10%∆, 20%∆, 30%∆, 40%∆, and 50%∆. The V̇O2 kinetic response was modelled using mono- and bi-exponential non-linear regression techniques. The difference in the standard error of the estimates (SEE) for the mono- and bi-exponential models, and the slope of V̇O2 vs time (for the final minute of exercise) were analysed using paired and one-sample t-tests, respectively. Results: The bi-exponential model SEE was lower than the mono-exponential model across all exercise intensities (p<0.05), indicating a better model fit. Steady-state V̇O2 was achieved across all exercise intensities (all V̇O2 vs. time slopes; p>0.05). The modelled slow component time constants, typical of literature reported values, indicated that the V̇O2 kinetic response would not be completed during the duration of the exercise. Conclusion: It was shown that the addition of the more complex bi-exponential model resulted in a better model fit across all intensities (notably including sub-GET intensities). The slow component phase was incomplete in all cases, even when the investigation of slopes indicated that a steady state had been achieved.
  • Effects of linear and undulating periodization of strength training in the acceleration of skater children Original Article (Short Paper)

    Jaimes, Diego A. R.; Contreras, Dennis; Jimenez, Alejandra M. F.; Orcioli-Silva, Diego; Barbieri, Fabio A.; Gobbi, Lilian T. B.

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Aim: This study aimed to compare the effects of linear periodization (LP) and undulating periodization (UP) of strength training on acceleration in skater children. Methods: Twenty-nine girls (9.67±1.29 years-old, 34.47±8.06kg, 1.39±0.13m) were distributed into two groups: linear periodization group (LPG, n=14) and undulating periodization group (UPG, n=15). Six levels of progressive training were designed based on activities such as multi-jumps, plyometrics, sled towing, and facilitated exercises. The training lasted 16 weeks, with a 1-h session on three non-consecutive days per week. The acceleration was recorded by digital videography following the major trochanter of the femur, at four moments and under two conditions: static (SS) and dynamic start (DS) in a rectilinear path. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: ANOVA indicated group*moment interaction in SS and DS for velocity (F3,81=7.883; p<0.001; pη2=0.226; F3,81=2.36; p=0.078; pη2=0.08-trend, respectively) and acceleration (F3,81=3.96; p=0.011; pη2=0.128; F3,81=2.92; p=0.039; pη2=0.098, respectively). Both groups increased velocity in SS and DS (UPG/SS: 1st=4.07, 2nd=9.75, 3rd=8.91, 4th=9.25m/s; LPG/SS: 1st=4.27, 2nd=7.13, 3rd=7.61, 4th=7.99m/s; UPG/DS: 1st=8.30, 2nd=8.73, 3rd=8.12, 4th=9.27m/s; LPG/DS: 1st=8.20, 2nd=8.31, 3rd=7.90, 4th=8.96m/s) and acceleration (UPG/SS: 1st=2.00, 2nd=8.69, 3rd=4.71, 4th=5.02m/s2; LPG/SS: 1st=2.37, 2nd=3.39, 3rd=3.68, 4th=4.12m/s2; UPG/DS: 1st=1.78, 2nd=1.97, 3rd=1.65, 4th=2.46m/s2; LPG/DS: 1st=1.67, 2nd=1.70, 3rd=1.48, 4th=1.93m/s2). Conclusion: Both strength training periodization protocols were effective in developing acceleration and velocity in girl skaters over 16 weeks; however, UP was more efficient than LP for improving acceleration.
  • Rate of force development to evaluate the neuromuscular fatigue and recovery after an intermittent isometric handgrip task with different blood flow restriction conditions Original Article (Short Paper)

    Cerqueira, Mikhail Santos; Pereira, Rafael; Mesquita, Gabriel Nunes de; Rocha, Taciano; Moura Filho, Alberto Galvão de

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Aim: To investigate the neuromuscular fatigue and recovery after an intermittent isometric handgrip exercise (IIHE) executed until failure with different blood flow restriction (BFR) conditions (free flow, partial and total vascular restriction). Methods: Thirteen healthy men carried out an IIHE at 45% of maximum voluntary isometric force (MVIF) until failure with total restriction (TR), partial restriction (PR) or free flow (FF). The rate of force development (RFD) was extracted from the MIVF over the time intervals of 0-30, 0-50, 0-100, and 0-200ms and normalized by MVIF [relative RFD (RFDr)]. Results: The RFDr decreased significantly (p<0.01) after the IIHE in all BFR conditions and time intervals studied, remaining lower for five minutes. The medians of the RFDr in FF condition were significantly lower (p=0.01) at 30ms (1.56 %MVIF·s-1) and 50ms (1.70 %MVIF·s-1) when compared to TR at 30ms (2.34 %MVIF·s-1) and 50ms (2.63 %MVIF·s-1) in minute 1 post failure. Conclusions: These results show that, regardless of the blood flow restriction level, there is no RFD recovery five minutes after an exhaustive IIHE. When the task was executed with FF, the reduction of the RFD was greater when compared with the TR condition.
  • Effects of extrinsic feedback on the motor learning after stroke Original Article (Short Paper)

    Soares, Marcos Antonio Arlindo; Bonuzzi, Giordano Marcio Gatinho; Coelho, Daniel Boari; Torriani-Pasin, Camila

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Aim: This study aims to investigate the effects of the type of extrinsic feedback provided equally in terms of timing and frequency of delivery on the motor learning after stroke. Methods: Twenty post-stroke individuals were distributed randomly into two groups according to the type of feedback provided: knowledge of performance experimental group (KPEG) and knowledge of results experimental group (KREG). Additionally, a control group (CG) was consisted of 20 healthy individuals age- and feedback-matched with the experimental groups. The task was a pointing skill performed in a virtual reality system. The acquisition phase consisted of 3 days/ 75 trials per day. Two retention tests (ret1 and ret2) were run after four days from the acquisition phase. Dependent variable measures were defined by motor performance and movement pattern. Results: The statistical analysis showed interaction effect F(3,108 = 49.13, p = 0.01) among KPEG and KREG. Based on the motor performance parameters (score) the KPEG improved performance significantly from pre to post (p = 0.001), and maintain it from pre to ret1 (p = 0.002), and from the pre to ret2 (p = 0.001). However, the KREG only showed a difference in motor performance from the pre to post (p = 0.003). Compared to the KREG, the KPEG showed improvement on the movement pattern based on the smoothness (p = 0.004), which suggests that the KPEG performed more corrections of movements in relation to the CG and KREG groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that KP allowed better motor learning in individuals after stroke.
  • Nonlinear Pedagogy and the implications for teaching and training in table tennis Original Article (Short Paper)

    Galatti, Larissa Rafaela; Machado, João Cláudio; Motta, Mairin Del Corto; Misuta, Milton Shoiti; Belli, Taisa

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Aim: It is to propose a game-based and player-centred approach to teaching table tennis using nonlinear pedagogy insights. Methods: This is an essay which offers a well-reasoned articulated nonlinear pedagogy perspective on coaching and teaching table tennis issues Results: It offers the description of a propose based on a player-centred and game-based approach for table tennis supported by nonlinear pedagogy, illustrating examples of how to apply nonlinear pedagogical principles to design representative learning tasks in order to adapt them to learners’ skills level. Conclusion: A novel perspective for teaching and training table tennis is presented here and we intend that this proposal may help coaches to design an effective learning environment.
  • Effects of previous carbohydrate supplementation on muscular fatigue: double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study Original Article (Short Paper)

    Battazza, Rafael A.; Suzuki, Frank S.; Kalytczak, Marcelo M.; Paunksnis, Marcos R. R.; Politi, Fabiano; Evangelista, Alexandre L.; Serra, Andrey J.; Teixeira, Cauê V. L. S.; Rica, Roberta L.; Pontes Junior, Francisco Luciano; Bergamin, Marco; Bocalini, Danilo S.

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract AIMS The aim of this study was to examine the effects of previous carbohydrate supplementation on high-volume resistance exercise performance METHODS Twenty males physically independent adults aged ≥18 years participated in a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover study. Sixty minutes before the experimental protocol, each participant ingested 0,6 g.kg of body mass-1 of carbohydrate supplementation or placebo. Maximum voluntary isometric contraction tests were performed before and after the dynamic fatigue induction protocol consisting of 10 sets of 8 repetitions of right leg knee extensors at 120º s-1. RESULTS Lower decrement of the isometric peak torque (p<0,001) and of the rate of torque development (p<0,001) was observed in carbohydrate supplementation after the dynamic protocol. Both concentric and eccentric peak torque differed significantly (p<0,001) between carbohydrate supplementation and placebo treatments from the second set, although the slope of the force-repetitions curve was not different between them. Additionally, the carbohydrate supplementation resulted in a lower session rating of perceived exertion (p<0,05). CONCLUSIONS Previous carbohydrate supplementation attenuates muscle fatigue and internal load exercise in a high-volume isokinetic leg protocol.
  • Use of CMAP tools® software to teaching muscle contraction: an experience with undergraduates students in physical education Original Article (Short Paper)

    Jacinto, Luis Carlos; Fernandes, Bruno Tonicelli Tartarini; Oliveira, Diego Sales de

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Aim: To evaluate the use of CMAP tools® software as a teaching strategy of skeletal muscle components and contraction in undergraduates students of physical education. Methods: Nineteen students from the discipline of fundamentals of human physiology of the undergraduate course of physical education of the Centro Universitário Padre Anchieta were engaged in this study. Students were asked to divide into groups of three people and to bring a notebook with CMAP tools® software installed. During class, students were responsible for creating conceptual maps in CMAP tools® software describing each step of skeletal muscle components and contraction. To assess the effectiveness of this strategy in assisting learning related to skeletal muscle components and contraction, we created a visual learning scale (ranging from 0 (did not help) to 10 (helped a lot)) and applied to students at the end of the class. Results: From the students assessed, 47% scored 10 on the visual learning scale. Overall, 74% scored higher than 8 on the scale. Conclusion: The use of CMAP tools® software was effective in helping students understand concepts related to skeletal muscle components and contraction.
  • Dual-task demands in various motor skills through Parkinson’s disease progression Original Article (Short Paper)

    Freitas, Tatiana Beline de; Silva, Keyte Guedes da; Nuvolini, Rosemeyre Alcarde; Doná, Flávia; Pompeu, José Eduardo; Swarowsky, Alessandra; Torriani-Pasin, Camila

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adding a cognitive task on the performance of three different motor tasks with different demands, discrete skills, serial skills and continuous skills, by individuals with mild, moderate, and severe idiopathic Parkinson’ disease (PD). We also investigate the effect of the cognitive task in the secondary task and the cost of the dual-task. Method: This is a cross-sectional study. Individuals with idiopathic PD were divided in three groups with respect to motor severity (mild, moderate and severe groups). Participants’ performances were assessed in single and DT conditions including Sit-to-Stand test (SST), Timed Up and Go (TUG), and 10-meter Walk test (T10W). Cognitive task used was verbal fluency Results: The results show that dual task impact the performance of all primary tasks. DT negatively affects the performance of the motor tasks. And there is a different impact according the severity of the disease, severe ones are more affected than mild and moderate. Conclusion: In conclusion, adding a concurrent cognitive task negatively affected the performance of discrete, serial and continuous motor tasks, and this effect is more noticeable in severe than in mild patients. Under dual-task conditions, patients improved their cognitive task performance for gait and TUG, suggesting a prioritization of the secondary task for these tasks. There was no difference between the costs of the three tasks.
  • Perception of memory decline in physically active elderly: comparison between practitioners of systematized and non-systematized physical exercises Original Article (Short Paper)

    Oliveira, Daniel Vicentini de; Frongia, Lucas Portela; Bertolini, Sônia Maria Marques Gomes; Soares, Vinícius Nagy; Nascimento Júnior, José Roberto Andrade do; Cavaglieri, Cláudia Regina

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Aim: To investigate the perception of memory decline in elderly physically active, practicing and non-practicing systematized physical exercises. Methods: Participants were 159 elderly practitioners of systematized and non-systematized physical exercises of Maringá-PR. The instruments used were the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Cognitive Decline Initiative (SCD-I) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted through Chi-Square test and Binary Logistic Regression (p<0.05). Results: Non-retired elderly and who reported that memory troubles made difficult to perform the activities of daily living presented more chances to practice systematized exercises. Further, very active elderly and who do not realize that the memory is below the expected for the age have 56% and 75% more chance of being systematized exercises practitioners, respectively. Furthermore, men and elderly who practice non- systematized exercise have 60% and 63% more chance of perceive the memory lower than expected for the age, respectively. Conclusion: Men and the elderly who do not practice systematized exercises are more likely to perceive memory lower than expected for age. Moreover, retirement and the satisfactory memory perception are associated with the practice of systematized exercises.
  • Effects of Acute Physical Exercise and Television Viewing on Mood in Older Active Women Original Article (Short Paper)

    Christofoletti, Ana Elisa Messetti; Sebastião, Emerson; Ueno, Deisy Terumi; Bonolo, Angélica; Deutsch, Silvia; Nakamura, Priscila Missaki

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Aim: Due to the increased prevalence of mood disorders and the detrimental effects of sedentary behavior on health, a better understanding of the association between physical exercise (PE), TV viewing and mood in older adults is paramount. This is based on the fact that mood has been recognized as an important predictor of longevity, well-being, and quality of life. This study examined the effects of an acute bout of physical exercise (PE) and television viewing (TV) on positive and negative mood states of older active women. Methods: Fifty-four women aged 60 years and older were asked to complete the Abbreviated and Illustrated Mood States Inventory (LEA-RI) before and immediatly after two distinct activities: 1) single bout of PE; and 2) a single bout of TV. Participants further completed questionnaires to provide information on demographics, physical activity and sedentary behavior for sample characterization. Differences between conditions (PE and TV) on positive and negative mood state were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA followed by paired sample t-test adopting a significance level of P<.05. Results: Positive mood states significantly increased for the PE (P=0.001) but not for the TV condition (P=0.388). Negative mood states significantly increased for the PE condition (P=0.003) but significantly reduced for the TV condition (P=0.011). Conclusions: The findings suggest that a single bout of PE may be more beneficial to improve positive mood compared to a single bout of TV. However, the TV may be able to reduce negative mood in older active women.
  • Influence of age, sex, and visual information on postural control in children Original Article (Short Paper)

    Victorio, Leonardo Vitor George; Fujisawa, Dirce Shizuko

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Aim: This study aims to evaluate and identify the influence of age, sex, and visual information on postural control in children. Methods: Participants were 62 children (30 boys and 32 girls) divided into the following age groups (G): G1, aged 5-6 years (n = 23); G2, aged 7-8 years (n = 21); and G3, aged 9-10 years (n = 18). The analyzed variables were the center of pressure (COP) and anteroposterior (AP) and mid-lateral (ML) oscillation velocity (OV) obtained in the biped posture force platform with their open eyes (OE) and closed eyes (CE). Results: G3 COP, OV_AP, and OV_ML are smaller than those in G1 and G2 in OE (p < 0.00) and CE (p < 0.05). Girls demonstrated worse postural control than boys for COP, OV_AP, and OV_ML (p < 0.00) in G1. Conclusion: Age was the most influential factor of COP (21%), OV_AP (24%), and OV_ML (39%). Older children perform better, because of the positive contribution of visual information. Girls initially had worse postural control responses, but at age 7-8, they tend to outgrow boys. Advanced age provides more influence on postural control than visual information and sex.
  • Ischemic preconditioning delays the time of exhaustion in cycling performance during the early but not in the late phase Original Article (Short Paper)

    Arriel, Rhaí André; Souza, Hiago Leandro Rodrigues de; Silva, Bruno Victor Corrêa da; Marocolo, Moacir

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Aims: To investigate the early and late ischemic preconditioning (IPC) effect on the trained cyclists’ performance during incremental cycling test until exhaustion. Methods: Twenty-one male cyclists allocated to an IPC (2 x 5-min of blood flow occlusion at 50 mm Hg above systolic pressure followed + 5-min of deflation), SHAM (2 x 5-min at 20 mm Hg) or control (CON; no occlusion) interventions, performed three incremental cycling test (ICT) until exhaustion on separate days. The ICT were conducted pre interventions (baseline), 5-min and 24-h after interventions. The heart rate (HR) and power output (PO) were recorded during all ICT. Results: The IPC group increased ICT performance (4.4 ± 4.0 %; effect size (ES) = 0.27) 5-min post intervention, accompanied by HR mean reduction, compared to baseline (p < 0.05). However, there were no changes in SHAM (2.2 ± 4.2%; ES = 0.07) and CON (2.9 ± 5.0%; ES = 0.06) groups. In 24-h post intervention, SHAM (0.2 ± 4.7%; ES = 0.02) and CON (-1.0 ±1.6; ES = 0.03) maintained (p > 0.05) and IPC group decreased the performance (-4.6 ± 3.6 %; ES = 0.16) compared to 5-min post intervention (p < 0.05), but all groups were similar to baseline (p > 0.05). There were no difference (p > 0.05) among groups for PO peak, HR and ICT performance in all moments (baseline, 5-min and 24-h post intervention). Conclusion: The IPC increases early but not late incremental cycling test performance.
  • Body composition of male and female Chilean powerlifters of varying body mass Original Article (Short Paper)

    Palma-Lafourcade, Patricio; Cisterna, Diego; Hernandez, Jordan; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Alvarez, Cristian; Keogh, Justin W.

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Aim: To examine body composition of Chilean powerlifters according to body mass and sex. Methods: Fifty-six male and female powerlifters were recruited from one national competition. Aside from the official weight categories, males were classified as the lightweight, middleweight, and heavyweight classes. Similarly, females were classified as lightweight and middle-heavyweight classes. Nineteen anthropometric measures were assessed, with lean mass as the main outcome. A one-way ANOVA was used to compare groups. Results: Male lightweight class lifted less (p<0.01) total load (417±30.9 kg) compared to heavier male classes (524±66.7 kg, middleweight; 581±131 kg, heavyweight), and female classes lifted less (p<0.01) total load (221±33.8 kg, lightweight; 254±48.3 kg, middleweight-heavyweight) compared to all male classes. Regarding lean-mass in trunk, arms and legs, total body protein, water, and mineral mass, all male groups had greater (p<0.01) values than the groups of females, while lightweight males had lower (p<0.01) values than the rest of male groups, and heavyweight males had greater (p<0.01) values than the total sample of males (except for legs lean mass, and total bone mineral content). In females, no significant differences were observed between classes, or in total load lifted or in body composition. Conclusion: Heavier male lifters had significantly greater lean mass than lighter athletes. Therefore, powerlifting performance was affected by anthropometric measures, as corroborated by 1-RM scores. However, there was a general lack of differences in body composition between female weight classes, and, as a result, a lack of differences in 1RM performance.
  • Is Football players’ performance influenced by the quality of opposition? Application of the Golden Index formula in Club Atlético de Madrid 2016/2017 Original Article (Short Paper)

    Pereira, Tiago; Ribeiro, João; Grilo, Filipe; Barreira, Daniel

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Aim: In this study, we sought to analyze the influence of the quality of opposition on players’ performance of Club Atlético de Madrid (ATM) 2016/2017. For that, the Golden Index (GI) formula was applied to identify and rank the Golden Players of ATM when playing against opponents of different quality levels. Methods: GI formula variables were collected through notational analysis and three global adjacency matrices were constructed to record all successful ball-passing actions performed. Next, the matrices were imported to SocNetV to collect the network centrality metrics. To uniformize each variable, the statistical standardization technique was applied to all variables. ATM opponents were classified into three groups: high-level (n=4), medium-level (n=2) and low-level (n=2), according to their classification in La Liga and participation in the final stage of UEFA Champions League 2016/2017. Results: Koke was considered the Golden Player playing against high-level teams, while opposing low-level opponents he was ranked as second. Against medium- and low-level teams, Antoine Griezmann was considered the Golden Player, but was not classified in the three first positions against high-level opponents. Yannick Carrasco and Filipe Luís were ranked in the second and third positions, respectively, when playing against high- and medium-level opponents. Also, Saúl Ñíguez obtained the third higher index against low-level teams. Conclusions: This study evidenced that players’ individual performance is influenced by the quality of the opposition. Additionally, the GI formula proved to be a potent tool in analyzing player’s performance in attacking plays in Football.
  • Injury Frequency in Handball Players: A Descriptive Study of Injury Pattern in São Paulo State Regional Teams Original Article (Short Paper)

    Bedo, Bruno Luiz Souza; Manechini, João Paulo Vieira; Nunomura, Myrian; Menezes, Rafael Pombo; Silva, Sarah Regina Dias da

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Aim: To assess the frequency of injuries among male and female handball athletes, identifying injured anatomic parts, injury diagnostics, their severity and type. Methods: The participants were composed of 122 handball players from São Paulo state teams, being 63 male (21.2±5.3 years) and 59 female (19.9±5.3 years) athletes who were interviewed using the “Champion Profile” questionnaire. The injuries were sorted by type: acute or overuse; and severity (major, moderate, slight, minor), given by the period of absence from team activities (training sessions and matches), and our results are presented as descriptive statistics. Results: The majority of injuries was found in the lower limbs, both in female (69.6%) and male (47.4%) players, as well as the knee was the most commonly injured anatomic part, representing 33.7% and 20.8% of the total number of injuries for the respective genders. We found a higher number of major injuries in female (35.8%) and male (20.8%) players when compared to the other severity categories. The acute injuries were more common among the total sample (48%) when compared to overuse injuries (22.7%), while a sprain was the most commonly diagnosed injury. Conclusion: It was observed that Brazilian handball players demonstrated an important number of major and acute injuries, forcing them to abstain from training sessions and matches, which can lead to both team and athlete performance losses. Furthermore, we suggest the inclusion of preventive training to reduce the frequency of injuries in handball athletes.
  • Exercise Training Improves Heart Rate Recovery after Exercise in Hypertension Original Article (Short Paper)

    Amaro-Vicente, Graziela; Laterza, Mateus C.; Martinez, Daniel G.; Alves, Maria Janieire N. N.; Trombetta, Ivani C.; Braga, Ana Maria F. W.; Toschi-Dias, Edgar; Rondon, Maria Urbana P. B.

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Aim: This study tested the hypothesis that: 1- the exercise training would improve the heart rate recovery (HRR) decline after maximal exercise test in hypertensive patients and; 2- the exercise training would normalize HRR decline when compared to normotensive individuals. Methods: Sixteen hypertensive patients were consecutively allocated into two groups: Exercise-trained (n = 9, 47±2 years) and untrained (n = 7, 42±3 years). An exercise-trained normotensive group (n = 11, 41±2 years) was also studied. Heart rate was evaluated by electrocardiogram. The autonomic function was evaluated based on heart rate changes on the first and the second min of recovery after the maximal exercise test. Exercise training consisted of three 60-minute exercise sessions/week for 4 months. Results: In hypertensive patients, exercise training significantly increased the HRR decline in the first (-19±2 vs. -34±3 bpm, P = 0.001) and second (-33±3 vs. -49±2 bpm, P = 0.006) minutes after the maximal exercise test. In addition, after exercise training, the initial differences in the HRR decline after exercise between hypertensive patients and normotensive individuals were no longer observed (first minute: -34±3 vs. -29±3 bpm, P = 0.52, and second minute: -49±2 vs. -47±4 bpm, P = 0.99). Conclusion: Hypertension causes a delay in HRR after the maximal exercise test yet the exercise training normalizes HRR during the post-exercise period in hypertensive patients.
  • Assessment of the external load of amateur soccer players during four consecutive training microcycles in relation to the external load during the official match Original Article (Short Paper)

    Sanchez-Sanchez, Javier; Hernández, Daniel; Martin, Victor; Sanchez, Mario; Casamichana, David; Rodriguez-Fernandez, Alejandro; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Nakamura, Fabio Y.

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the external load of amateur male players during 4 consecutive training microcycles (M) at the beginning of the in-season according to the training session in absolute external load demands and in relation to the competition demands. Methods: Regional-level players (n = 10; age, 20.8 ± 1.7 years; height, 175.5 ± 3.8 cm; body mass, 69.7 ± 2.9 kg; soccer experience, 13.2 ± 2.5 years) were monitored using GPS devices during training sessions and matches. The external load variables measured were: duration (min); total distance covered (TD); distance covered at high-speed (HID, 14.4-19.8 km/h); distance covered at sprinting (SPD; >19.8 km/h); and distance covered in high intensity acceleration (ACD; >2.5 m/s2) and deceleration (DECD; <-2.5 m/s2). Results: The results indicated that the external load variables (time, HID, SPD, ACD, and DECD) were similar between the four microcycles. Greater (p<0.01) time, TD, HID and SPD were observed in match day (MD)-2 compared to MD+1, MD-3, and MD-1. Aside from training duration, all external loads variables (TD, HID, SPD, ACD, and DECD) were lower during training sessions compared to official matches (p<0.05). Conclusion: Amateur soccer players present relative stable external training loads across competitive microcycles, with the peak load observed two days before the official match. Besides this, the match constitutes the highest load during a typical competitive microcycle in this cohort of players.
  • ERRATUM Erratum

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