Low-cost supercapacitor based on colloidal graphite

Klem, Maykel dos Santos; Nogueira, Gabriel Leonardo; Alves, Neri

doi:10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2021-0013

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Article • Mat. Res. 24 (Suppl 1) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2021-0013 copy

Low-cost supercapacitor based on colloidal graphite

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Here we report the production and characterization of a low-cost supercapacitor with electrodes based on colloidal graphite. We characterized the as-prepared device in terms of cyclic voltammetry (CV), Galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD), and impedance spectroscopy. The supercapacitor exhibited good electrochemical performance with a high capacitance of 22 F g^-1 for a discharge current of 2 mA. Long-term cyclability tests show that the device can keep about 85% of its capacitance after 500 cycles, even without encapsulation. We found power and energy densities of 110 W kg^-1 and 3 Wh kg^-1, respectively. All the experimental results indicate that the colloidal graphite Aquadag® is a promising material for application in supercapacitors.

Keywords:
Colloidal Graphite; Aquadag; Supercapacitor; Energy Storage

Parameter	Values
L₁ (10^-6 H)	2.4
R₁ (Ω)	1.2
Q₁ (10^-4 Ω^-1 sⁿ)	1.5
n₁	0.8
R₂ (Ω)	1.9
Q₂ (Ω^-1 sⁿ)	5.0
n₂	0.9
R₃ (Ω)	11.9
Q₃ (Ω^-1 sⁿ)	0.3
n₃	0.7

Electrode	Electrolyte	Specific capacitance (F g^-1)	Energy density (Wh kg^-1)	Power density (kW kg^-1)	Capacitance retention (%)	Ref.
Graphite	6 M KOH	1.2	-	-	66.7% after 1000 cycles	⁴⁴44 Ciszewski M, Koszorek A, Radko T, Szatkowski P, Janas D. Review of the selected carbon-based materials for symmetric supercapacitor application. J Electron Mater. 2019;48:717-44.
Reduced graphite oxide	BMIMBF₄	6 at 1 A g^-1	-	-	-	⁴⁶46 Jha N, Ramesh P, Bekyarova E, Itkis ME, Haddon RC. High energy density supercapacitor based on a hybrid carbon nanotube–reduced graphite oxide architecture. Adv Energy Mater. 2012;2:438-44.
Graphene-oxide/ activated carbon	PVA/H₃PO₄	20.8 at 5 A g^-1	2.9	0.05	-	⁴⁹49 Khawaja MK, Khanfar MF, Oghlenian T, Alnahar W. Fabrication and electrochemical characterization of graphene-oxide supercapacitor electrodes with activated carbon current collectors on graphite substrates. Comput Electr Eng. 2020;85:106678.
Nano-structured Graphite	1 M Et₄NBF₄ + PC	12 at 1 mA	-	-	-	⁵⁰50 Gomibuchi E, Ichikawa T, Kimura K, Isobe S, Nabeta K, Fujii H. Electrode properties of a double layer capacitor of nano-structured graphite produced by ball milling under a hydrogen atmosphere. Carbon. 2006;44:983-8.
MWCNT sheet	1.96 M TEMABF₄ + PC	15	2.2	125	-	⁵¹51 Honda Y, Haramoto T, Takeshige M, Shiozaki H, Kitamura T, Ishikawa M. Aligned MWCNT sheet electrodes prepared by transfer methodology providing high-power capacitor performance. Electrochem Solid-State Lett. 2007;10:A106.
MWCNT/ PEDOT:PSS	PVA/H₃PO₄	20.3 at 1 mA	3.1	0.42	72% after 1000 cycles	⁵²52 Klem MS, Morais RM, Rubira RJG, Alves N. Paper-based supercapacitor with screen-printed poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-poly (styrene sulfonate)/multiwall carbon nanotube films actuating both as electrodes and current collectors. Thin Solid Films. 2019;669:96-102.
Aquadag®	PVA/H₃PO₄	22 at 2 mA	3	0.11	85% after 500 cycles	This work

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