Some porcelain crabs (Decapoda: Anomura) from the Andaman Sea, India, with an identification key to Indian porcellanids

Abstract

The present study provides systematic accounts of three porcellanid species collected onboard Fishery Oceanographic Research Vessel “Sagar Sampada” from the Andaman Sea. The record of Petrolisthes scabriculus (Dana, 1852) confirms the occurrence of this species in Indian waters. Polyonyx biunguiculatus (Dana, 1852) is reported for the first time from India. Porcellanella haigae Sankarankutty, 1963, previously described from the Gulf of Mannar, is recorded for the first time from the Andaman Sea. An updated identification key to all the 33 species of porcellanid crabs known from the Indian Exclusive Economic Zone is also provided.

Keywords:
Fauna; Galatheoidea; Indian Ocean; new record; porcelain crabs

INTRODUCTION

The Indian Exclusive Economic Zone comprises three water bodies, namely the eastern Arabian Sea, western and southeastern Bay of Bengal, and western Andaman Sea, which differ significantly in physical and biological characteristics (Panikkar and Jayaraman, 1966; Varkey et al., 1996). The earliest records of porcellanid crabs from Indian waters comprised nine species, including three new to science, from the Nicobar Islands during the “Novara” expedition (Heller, 1862; 1865). Several studies (Thurston, 1887; 1890; 1895; Henderson, 1893; Sankarankutty, 1961; 1962; 1963) reported 12 species from the southeastern coast of India, including one new genus, Pseudoporcellanella Sankarankutty, 1962 and two new species. Extensive studies of the porcellanid fauna of the western coast of India (Sankolli, 1965; 1966a; 1966b; 1968; Hiller et al., 2010; Trivedi et al., 2017) further yielded eleven species including three new species. Heller (1865) reported Porcellana scabriculaDana, 1852 (= Petrolisthes scabriculus) from the Nicobar Islands, but Haig (1965) suggested reconfirmation due to possible confusion with Petrolisthes militaris (Heller, 1862). Recent studies also provided additional reports of porcellanids from Indian waters, including three new zoogeographical records (Prakash et al., 2013 a ; Kumaralingam et al., 2015; Josileen et al., 2020; Chowdhury and Mitra, 2023; Silambarasan et al., 2023). Prakash et al. (2013b) listed 30 species from 11 genera of porcellanid crabs in Indian waters. The most recent checklist of the Indian anomuran fauna (Patel et al., 2022) updated all the previous records of 12 genera and 32 species of porcellanids. A recent study by Fang et al. (2023; 2024) further showed the presence of Petrolisthes shanyingi Fang, Dong, Yang and Li, 2024 in the Indian EEZ based on previously published reports. Most recently, Mitra et al. (2024) described Raphidopus dhritiae Mitra, Chowdhury and Bose, 2024, from West Bengal.

The present paper reports three porcellanid species based on material collected from the Indian EEZ, i.e., Petrolisthes scabriculus (Dana, 1852) as a definite occurrence in the region, Polyonyx biunguiculatus (Dana, 1852) as the first record from the region, and Porcellanella haigaeSankarankutty, 1963, as a new record in the Andaman Sea. Even though several studies have documented porcellanid crabs in Indian waters, there is no identification key to all the known species in the area. In the present study, we fill this gap by providing a consolidated identification key to all the known genera and species of porcellanids of the Indian EEZ.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The specimens examined were primarily obtained onboard the Fishery Oceanographic Research Vessel (FOR/V) “Sagar Sampada” during cruise number 388 (off Andaman and Nicobar Islands, August 2019), using a Naturalist’s dredge and chain dredge (Fig. 1). The specimens were cleaned, and the morphological characters were photographed using a Leica M80 stereo-zoom microscope equipped with a Leica MC170 HD microscope camera and Leica Application Suite imaging software. Measurement of carapace and appendages was made with the scaling tool provided in the Leica Application Suite imaging software. The map used in the present study was plotted using ODV mapping software version 5.3.0 (Schlitzer, 2022).

Figure 1.
Map of the study area indicating the sites of sample collection of porcellanid taxa in the Indian EEZ. 1, Petrolisthes scabriculus (Dana, 1852); 2, Polyonyx biunguiculatus (Dana, 1852); 3, Porcellanella haigaeSankarankutty, 1963.

The terminology used for porcellanids mainly follows that of Osawa and Chan (2010). Specimen size is indicated by carapace length (CL) measured on the dorsal midline from the tip of the rostrum to the posterior margin of the carapace and by the maximum width of the carapace (CW). The material examined is deposited as part of a reference voucher collection in the Referral Centre, Centre for Marine Living Resources & Ecology (CMLRE), which is the regional node of the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) for the Indian Ocean. The occurrence data associated with the specimens will be available on the OBIS portal (https://obis.org/).

SYSTEMATICS

Family Porcellanidae Haworth, 1825

Genus Petrolisthes Stimpson, 1858

Petrolisthes scabriculus ( Dana, 1852 )

(Figs. 2A, 3)

Figure 2.
Dorsal habitus. A, Petrolisthes scabriculus (Dana, 1852) (male, IO/SS/ANO/00176); B, Polyonyx biunguiculatus (Dana, 1852) (male, IO/SS/ANO/00178); C, Porcellanella haigaeSankarankutty, 1963 (ovigerous female, IO/SS/ANO/00157). Scale bars: A, C = 2 mm; B = 1 mm.

Figure 3.
Petrolisthes scabriculus (Dana, 1852). Male, (6.18 × 6.17 mm) (IO/SS/ANO/00176). A, Carapace, dorsal view; B, thoracic sternum, ventral view; C, right cheliped, dorsal view; D, right P2, lateral view; E, same, dactylus, lateral view. Scale bars: A-D = 1 mm; E = 0.5 mm.

Porcellana scabriculaDana, 1852: 424 [type locality: Sulu Sea]. - Dana, 1855: pl. 28 fig. 13.

Porcellana (Petrolisthes) scabricula: De Man, 1888: 411.

Petrolisthes scabriculus: Haig, 1964: 358, fig. 2. - Haig, 1965: 98. - Nakasone and Miyake, 1968: 107, fig. 4. - Haig, 1979: 120, fig. 1.- Haig, 1989: 98. - Hsieh et al., 1997: 291, figs. 5F, 10. - Osawa, 2007: 28, fig. 8c, d. - Osawa and Chan, 2010: 157, figs. 123, 124. - Osawa, 2014: 260, fig. 2D.

Material examined. 1 male (6.18 × 6.17 mm) (IO/SS/ANO/00176), Andaman Sea, off Little Andaman Island, India, FOR/V “Sagar Sampada” station 38806, 10.72°N 92.72°E, 53 m depth, chain dredge, 10.viii.2019, coll. V.P. Padate.

Taxonomic remarks.Heller (1865) reported Pi. scabricula (= Pe. scabriculus) from the Nicobar Islands. However, Haig (1965) suggested that the record needed confirmation due to possible confusion with a morphologically close Pe. militaris (Heller, 1862). The present specimen confirms the occurrence of Pe. scabriculus from India. The Indian specimen largely agrees with the description and illustrations of Pe. scabriculus provided by Osawa and Chan (2010). Petrolisthes scabriculus is immediately distinguishable from Pe. militaris and its closely similar species Petrolisthes holthuisiHiller and Werding, 2010, by a distinct spine on the anterolateral margin of the carapace front, which is absent in the latter two species.

Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Gulf of Thailand, Christmas Island, Indonesia, New Guinea, western and eastern Australia, New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands, Chesterfield Islands, Philippines, Nansha Islands in South China Sea, Taiwan, Japan; 1-55 m in bathymetric range (Haig, 1979; Osawa, 2007; 2014; Osawa and Chan, 2010; present study) (Fig 1).

Genus Polyonyx Stimpson, 1858

Polyonyx biunguiculatus ( Dana, 1852 )

(Figs. 2B, 4)

Figure 4.
Polyonyx biunguiculatus (Dana, 1852). Male, (2.4 × 2.8 mm) (IO/SS/ANO/00178). A, Carapace, dorsal view; B, carapace frontal margin, frontal view; C, thoracic sternum, ventral view; D, left Mxp3, lateral view; E, right larger cheliped, dorsal view; F, left P4, lateral view. Scale bars: A, E = 1 mm; B-D, F = 0.5 mm.

Porcellana biunguiculataDana, 1852: 411 [type locality: Lifou Island, Loyalty Islands, by neotype selection (Osawa, 2007)]. - Dana, 1855: pl. 26, fig. 1a-d.

Polyonyx biunguiculatus: Stimpson, 1858: 229 - Miers, 1884: 559 (in part). - Johnson, 1970: 34. - Osawa, 2007: 31, figs. 9, 10. - Poupin et al., 2013: 24, fig 11A. - Prakash et al., 2013b: 1517 (checklist).

Polyonyx parabiunguiculatus Yang, 1996: 262, 268, fig. 5. [type locality: Nansha Islands, South China Sea].

?Porcellana biunguiculata: Haswell, 1882: 147.

?Polyonyx biunguiculatus: Ortmann, 1894: 30. - Southwell, 1906: 219. - Haig, 1983: 286. - Haig, 1992: 320, fig. 16.

Polyonyx tuberculosus: Zehntner, 1894: 184.

?Polyonyx tuberculosus: Rathbun, 1924: 31, pl. 1, fig. 7.

Not Polyonyx biunguiculatus: Gordon, 1935: 10, fig. 5b, d. - Miyake, 1942: 371, figs. 30-32. - Miyake, 1943: 144, fig. 60. - Johnson, 1958: 105, fig. 3. - Haig, 1964: 377 (in part). - Haig, 1965: 112. - Haig, 1979: 130, figs. 16-19. - Yang and Naiyanetr, 1997: 7, fig. 4A-E. [= Polyonyx similisOsawa, 2015]

Material examined. 4 males (2.1-2.4 × 2.5-2.8 mm) (IO/SS/ANO/00178), Andaman Sea, off Little Andaman Island, India, FOR/V “Sagar Sampada” station 38806, 10.72°N 92.72°E, 53 m, chain dredge, 10.viii.2019, coll. V.P. Padate. 1 male (3.3 × 3.6 mm) (IO/SS/ANO/00179), Andaman Sea, off Great Nicobar Island, India, FOR/V “Sagar Sampada” station 38818, 6.64°N 93.82°E, 56 m, chain dredge, 16.viii.2019, coll. V.P. Padate.

Diagnosis. Carapace transversely subrectangular in general outline; dorsal surface gently convex from side to side, glabrous, pitted; rostrum moderately broad, trilobate in frontal view, median lobe bluntly triangular, overreaching triangular lateral lobes (Fig. 4 A, B ). Thoracic sternite 3 anterior margin nearly straight, lateral lobes bluntly produced; sternite 4 with anterior margin gently concave (Fig. 4 C ). Cheliped carpus slightly convex on dorsal surface, extensor margin convex, dorso-flexor margin gently concave, smooth; palm inflated, smooth on dorsal surface, flexor margin blunt, extensor margin with low tuberculate ridge extending from distal half of palm to distal tip of fixed finger; dactylus with longitudinal ridge composed of small tubercles along posterior margin of dorsal surface (Fig. 4 E ). Dactyli of ambulatory legs each terminating in weakly curved, bifurcate claw, flexor claw stouter and shorter than extensor claw; flexor margin with 2 small corneous spines (Fig. 4 F ).

Taxonomic remarks. Based on the present specimens, a short diagnosis of Po. biunguiculatus is provided above because the species is recorded from Indian waters for the first time. Polyonyx biunguiculatus is distinguished from its closest congener Po. similis by the narrower median rostral lobe, absence of flattened tubercles on the distal dorso-anterior surface of the cheliped palms and dense tuft of plumose setae on the ventroproximal cutting region of the dactylus of male larger cheliped, and the presence of a pair of gonopods on the male second abdominal segment (Osawa, 2015). In live coloration, the present specimens resembled the material of Po. biunguiculatus from Mayotte, southwestern Indian Ocean, provided by Poupin et al. (2013, fig. 11A).

Distribution. Red Sea, eastern coast of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands, Mayotte and Glorioso Islands, Réunion, Seychelles, Moluccas, Australia, Hong Kong, Nansha Islands in the South China Sea, New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands; 12-120 m in bathymetric range (Haig, 1964; 1983; Osawa, 2007; Poupin et al., 2013; present study) (Fig. 1). This is the first record of P. biunguiculatus from Indian waters.

Genus Porcellanella White, 1851

Porcellanella haigae Sankarankutty, 1963

(Figs. 2C, 5)

Figure 5.
Porcellanella haigaeSankarankutty, 1963. Ovigerous female (4.5 × 3.4 mm) (IO/SS/ANO/00157). A, carapace, dorsal view; B, thoracic sternum, ventral view; C, left antenna, ventral view; D, left antennule, ventral view; E, right Mxp3, lateral view; F, right cheliped, merus and carpus, dorsal view; G, same, chela, dorsal view; H-J, right P2-4, lateral view. Scale bars: A, E-K = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C, D = 0.2 mm.

Porcellanella triloba: Miyake, 1943: 134, fig. 53 - Lieske and Myers, 2004: 338 (color photograph), fig. 9.

Porcellanella haigaeSankarankutty, 1963: 273, fig. 1a-e [type locality: Off Tuticorin in the Gulf of Mannar, intertidal and associated to sea pen]. - Haig, 1966: 61 - Nakasone and Miyake, 1972: 142, fig. 3A-H. - Haig, 1981: 288. - Haig, 1983: 287. - Haig, 1989: 99. - Werding and Hiller, 2007: 19, fig. 18a-c. - Prakash et al., 2013 b : 1517 (checklist). - Patel et al., 2022: 38 (checklist), 80 (checklist).

Material examined. 1 ovigerous female (4.5 × 3.4 mm) (IO/SS/ANO/00157), Andaman Sea, off Great Nicobar Island, India, FOR/V “Sagar Sampada” station 38818, 6.64°N 93.82°E, 56 m, chain dredge, 16.viii.2019, coll. V.P. Padate.

Taxonomic remarks. Porcellanella haigae was originally described on the basis of one male and one female from the Gulf of Mannar and distinguished from Porcellanella trilobaWhite, 1851 by the form of the carapace and cheliped merus and nature of the spines on the ambulatory dactyli (Sankarankutty, 1963). The present specimen represents the second record of the species from India and the first record from the Andaman Sea. It agrees with the original description and a subsequent account by Nakasone and Miyake (1972) of P. haigae in the absence of mesiodistal lobe on the cheliped merus and the ambulatory dactyli each with third spine from the proximal end being largest among the flexor marginal spines.

Distribution. Red Sea, Seychelles, India, Philippines, Japan, Palau Islands; 18-60 m in bathymetric range (Haig, 1989; Werding and Hiller, 2007; present study) (Fig. 1).

Identification key to all the porcellanids known in the Indian EEZ

Chelipeds straight, directed anteriorly; carpus wider than long. Ambulatory dactyli triunguiculate…………………………………………….Genus PseudoporcellanellaSankarankutty, 1962; monotypic, P. manoliensis Sankarankutty, 1962

Chelipeds strongly bent at propodus-carpus articulation……………….......………...2

Antennal peduncle with articles 2-4 freely accessible to orbit…………………..…...3

Antennal peduncle with articles 2-4 excluded from orbit by projection of article 1 appressed to anterior carapace margin…………………………...................…….…20

Pterygostomian flap with posterior portion composed of 2 or more pieces separated from anterior portion by membranous interspaces (Genus PachychelesStimpson, 1858)…………………………………………………………………………..………4

Pterygostomian flap composed of single, undivided plate……………………....…....7

Carapace without setae………………………………………………….…….……....5

Carapace distinctly setose………………………………………………...…….….....6

Males with pair of gonopods on abdominal somite 2…..Pa. natalensis (Krauss, 1843)

Males without gonopods……..…....………….Pa. sculptus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837)

Frontal margin of carapace without setal tufts, regions behind frontal margin with scattered setae. Rostrum broad, nearly transverse in dorsal view.………………………………..………….............…Pa. pisoides (Heller, 1865)

Frontal margin of carapace with tufts of short plumose setae and long, scattered, simple setae. Rostrum relatively narrow, bluntly triangular in dorsal view.…………………………………………….…Pa. tomentosusHenderson, 1893

Carapace gastric region strongly elevated. Ambulatory legs subcylindrical (Genus NeopetrolisthesMiyake, 1937)……..………………………………...………....……8

Carapace with evenly flattish or weakly convex dorsal surface. Ambulatory legs flattened laterally (Genus PetrolisthesStimpson, 1858)………..……....……...…..…9

Carapace with strongly elevated protogastric ridges; supra-ocular spine present……………………………….....………..N. spinatusOsawa and Fujita, 2001

Carapace without elevated protogastric ridges; supra-ocular spine absent……………………...……..……….....N. maculatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837)

Frontal margin of carapace tridentate, dorsal surface and extremities uneven, tuberculate. Cheliped carpus with 1 proximal tooth on flexor margin……………………………...………….………….Pe. ornatusPaulson, 1875

Frontal margin of carapace sinuously triangular or trilobate, dorsal surface and extremities with faint or distinct, short and long transverse ridges. Cheliped carpus usually with 2 or more teeth on flexor margin…………….………………………..10

Carapace epibranchial spine present on each side……………………………..…....11

Carapace epibranchial spine absent on each side……………………...……............18

Inner orbital angles of carapace each produced into small spine…………………………………………………...Pe. scabriculus (Dana, 1852)

Inner orbital angles of carapace unarmed………………………………….………..12

Lateral margin of carapace with some spines behind epibranchial spine…………………………………………………..….Pe. militaris (Heller, 1862)

Lateral margin of carapace unarmed……………………………………..………….13

Supra-ocular spine of carapace present on each side.…..Pe. coccineus (Owen, 1839)

Supra-ocular spine of carapace absent on each side..………..……………….…..…14

Meri of ambulatory legs each with row of spines on extensor margin…….......……15

Meri of ambulatory legs without spines on extensor margins………………....……16

Carapace covered with numerous transverse ridges ………………….………………………………….. Pe. moluccensis (De Man, 1888)

Carapace covered with numerous, short plumose setae ......................................................................................... Pe. tomentosus (Dana, 1852)

Cheliped carpus and chela with numerous, distinct transverse and oblique ridges…………………………………….…..….…………Pe. boscii (Audouin, 1826)

Cheliped carpus and chela without distinct transverse and oblique ridges ..………17

Cheliped carpus with 3 broad teeth on dorso-flexor margin. P2 merus with small blunt distal spine on the lateral flexor margin; P2 carpus unarmed on extensor margin…………………………………Pe. shanyingi Fang, Dong, Yang and Li, 2024

Cheliped carpus usually with 4 or 5 broad teeth on dorso-flexor margin. P2 merus with acute distal spine on the lateral flexor margin; P2 carpus with acute disto-extensor spine………………………………….……….Pe. lamarckii (Leach, 1821)

Cheliped carpus with only 1 proximal tooth on dorso-flexor margin………………………………………………………….Pe. teresMelin, 1939

Cheliped carpus usually with more than 3 teeth on dorso-flexor margin...…..……..19

Gape of cheliped fingers with distinct tufts of plumose setae…………………………………….…..………………Pe. inermis (Heller, 1862)

Gape of cheliped fingers without distinct pubescence ventrally………………………………..………………...Pe. rufescens (Heller, 1861)

Carapace distinctly longer than wide (Genus PorcellanellaWhite, 1851)..….......…21

Carapace wider than long or slightly longer than wide………………….……….….22

Cheliped merus armed with distinct, subtriangular lobe on dorso-flexor margin distally. Dactyli of ambulatory legs each with proximal second tooth largest.……………………………………………………….Pc. trilobaWhite, 1851

Cheliped merus armed with indistinct lobe on dorso-flexor margin distally. Dactyli of ambulatory legs each with proximal third tooth largest…..…….……………………………………..Pc. haigaeSankarankutty, 1963

Dactyli of ambulatory legs straight, slender; flexor margins without spines (Genus RaphidopusStimpson, 1858).…………………………….………..……………..…23

Dactyli of ambulatory legs curved, stout; flexor margins with spines………………………………………………...………………………………24

Carapace branchial margins without spines. Cheliped carpus unarmed on extensor margin………………..…………………..………...…..…R. indicusHenderson, 1893

Carapace branchial margins with spines. Cheliped carpus armed with spines on extensor margin………………...…..…R. dhritiaeMitra, Chowdhury and Bose, 2024

Frontal margin of carapace strongly deflexed ventrally, appearing straight or weakly sinuous in dorsal view. Dactyli of ambulatory legs each terminating in bifurcate claw (Genus PolyonyxStimpson, 1858)…………………………………...…….….….…25

Frontal margin of carapace horizontal or down-tilted, appearing multilobed, broadly angular, or rounded in dorsal view. Dactyli of ambulatory legs each terminating in single claw.…………………………………………………….….………….….…..29

Dactyli of ambulatory legs each with dorsal terminal claw smaller than ventral terminal claw…………………………………………...Po. loimicolaSankolli, 1965

Dactyli of ambulatory legs each with dorsal terminal claw longer or slenderer than ventral terminal claw…..……..………………………………..……………………26

Dorsal terminal claw of dactylus of each ambulatory leg subequal in length to ventral terminal claw…………………………………………................……………….……………27

Dorsal terminal claw of dactylus of each ambulatory leg distinctly longer than ventral terminal claw………….………………………………………..……...…………….28

Median frontal lobe of carapace triangular. Dactyli of ambulatory legs each with 2 spines on flexor margin…………….…….………...Po. biunguiculatus (Dana, 1852)

Median frontal lobe of carapace rounded. Dactyli of ambulatory legs each with only 1 spine on flexor margin…………...…………………..…..Po. obesulusMiers, 1884

Chelae with dense plumose setae...................................Po. splendidusSankolli, 1966

Chelae at most with short setae…………………......Po. hendersoni Southwell, 1909

Frontal margin of carapace broadly angular or rounded (Genus AncylochelesHaig, 1978)…………………………………………………..…………………………….30

Frontal margin of carapace multilobed…………………………..………….………31

Median lobe of third thoracic sternite with strongly convex anterior margin. Third maxilliped merus with subrectangular lobe on flexor margin………….……………….A. peterngiTrivedi, Osawa and Vachhrajani, 2017

Median lobe of third thoracic sternite with transverse anterior margin. Third maxilliped merus with rounded lobe on flexor margin…..A. gravelei (Sankolli, 1966)

Dorsal surface of carapace areolate, regions well-defined (Genus EnosteoidesJohnson, 1970). Article 1 of antennular peduncle with sharp spines on anterior margin. Cheliped carpus with minute denticles on proximal part of dorso-flexor margin…………………………………………………..E. ornatus (Stimpson, 1858)

Dorsal surface of carapace surface smooth or bearing fine striations……….….….32

Carapace without hepatic spine, branchial margin unarmed behind epibranchial angle. Chelipeds subequal (Genus PorcellanaLamarck, 1801). Frontal margin of carapace with shallowly bifid median tooth, lateral frontal teeth narrower than median tooth and separated by broad V-shaped notch; epibranchial angle with 2 or 3 denticles. Cheliped carpus with 2 teeth and few smaller teeth on dorso-flexor margin…………………………………………...…….…….....Pi. persicaHaig, 1966

Carapace with hepatic spine, branchial margin with 1 or more spines behind epibranchial angle. Chelipeds unequal………………………………………………33

Frontal margin of carapace with median notch. Spination of chelipeds similar in both sexes (Genus LissoporcellanaHaig, 1978)……….………………………....…..…..34

Frontal margin of carapace without median notch. Spination of chelipeds more prominent in female than male (Genus PisidiaLeach, 1821)…………..……… ….35

Cheliped carpus with 3 spines on extensor margin………L. spinuligera (Dana, 1853)

Cheliped carpus unarmed on extensor margin..…..........L. quadrilobata (Miers, 1884)

Rostrum with median lobe nearly as broad as lateral lobes. Cheliped carpus unarmed on dorso-flexor margin……………………….………....Pi. dehaanii (Krauss, 1843)

Rostrum with median lobe distinctly broader than lateral lobes. Cheliped carpus armed with spines on dorso-flexor margin…..…….…..…Pi. gordoni (Johnson, 1970)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors are grateful to the Secretary, Ministry of Earth Sciences, New Delhi and Director, Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology, Kochi, for supporting the work and for providing the facilities onboard FORV Sagar Sampada. We also thank Shri. N. Saravanane, Scientist F and Project Investigator of the in-house project ʻResource Exploration and Inventorization Systemʼ. The present study would have been impossible without the meticulous sorting of the specimens by the participants of the FOR/V “Sagar Sampada” cruise number 388. The manuscript benefited from the suggestions of the two anonymous referees. This is CMLRE contribution number 209.

REFERENCES

• Chowdhury P, and Mitra S 2023. New record of two species of false crabs, Pisidia gordoni (Johnson, 1970) and Porcellanella triloba White, 1851 (Decapoda: Anomura: Porcellanidae) from the Northeastern Coast of India. Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology, 44(21): 131-136. https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2023/v44i213678
  » https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2023/v44i213678
• Dana JD 1852. Crustacea. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. 13. Philadelphia, C. Sherman, 685 p. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.69333
  » https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.69333
• Dana JD 1853. Crustacea. Part II. United States Exploring Expedition. During the Years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the Command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. 14. Philadelphia, C. Sherman, 927 p.
• Dana JD 1855. Crustacea. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. 14. Philadelphia, C. Sherman, 27 pp., 96 plates. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.69333
  » https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.69333
• De Man JG 1887-1888. Bericht über die von Herrn Dr. J. Brock im indischen Archipel gesammelten Decapoden und Stomatopoden. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 53(2): 215-600, pls. 7-22a. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.4747
  » https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.4747
• Fang X; Dong D; Yang M, and Li X 2023. Phylogenetics and population genetics of the Petrolisthes lamarckii-P. haswelli complex in China: old lineage and new species. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24: 15843. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115843
  » https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115843
• Fang X; Dong D; Yang M, and Li X 2024. Validation of the porcelain crab Petrolisthes shanyingi Fang, Dong, Yang & Li (Decapoda: Anomura: Porcellanidae) from the northern South China Sea. Zootaxa, 5458(1): 147-148. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5458.1.10
  » https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5458.1.10
• Haig J 1964. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen’s Pacific Expedition 1914-1916. 81. Porcellanid crabs from the Indo-West Pacific, Part I. Videnskabelige Meddelelser Dansk Naturhistrisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn, 126: 355-386. https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/16634/16634.pdf
  » https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/16634/16634.pdf
• Haig J 1965. The Porcellanidae (Crustacea, Anomura) of Western Australia with descriptions of four new Australian species. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 48(4): 97-118. https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/16635/16635.pdf
  » https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/16635/16635.pdf
• Haig J 1966. The Porcellanidae (Crustacea Anomura) of the Iranian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. Videnskabelige Meddelelser Dansk Naturhistrisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn, 129: 49-65.
• Haig J 1978. Contribution toward a revision of the porcellanid genus Porcellana (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 91(3): 706-714. https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/16643/16643.pdf
  » https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/16643/16643.pdf
• Haig J 1979. Expédition Rumphius II (1975) Crustacés parasites, commensaux, etc. Bulletin du Museum National d'Historie Naturelle, Section A, Zoologie, Biologie et Ecologie Animales, 4e série, 1(1): 119-136. https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/16644/16644.pdf
  » https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/16644/16644.pdf
• Haig J 1981. Porcellanid crabs from the Indo-West Pacific, Part II. Steenstrupia, 7: 269-291. https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/16645/16645.pdf
  » https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/16645/16645.pdf
• Haig J 1983. Porcellanidae (Decapoda, Anomura) from the Seychelles, western Indian Ocean. Crustaceana, 45(3): 279-289. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854083X00316
  » https://doi.org/10.1163/156854083X00316
• Haig J 1989. Porcellanidae (Decapoda, Anomura) collected during MUSORSTOM 1 and 2. p. 93-101. In: Forest J (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, vol. 12. Mémoires du Museum national d’Histoire naturelle. Nouvelle Série. Série A, Zoologie, 144. https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/16650/16650.pdf
  » https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/16650/16650.pdf
• Haig J 1992. Hong Kong’s Porcellanid Crabs. p. 303-327. In: Morton B (Ed.), The marine flora and fauna of Hong Kong and southern China III. Proceedings of the Fourth International Marine Biological Workshop: The marine flora and fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China, Hong Kong, 11-29 April 1989. Hong Kong, Hong Kong University Press. https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/16651/16651.pdf
  » https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/16651/16651.pdf
• Haworth AH 1825. A new binary arrangement of the macrurous Crustacea. Philosophical Magazine, 65(323): 183. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786442508628417
  » https://doi.org/10.1080/14786442508628417
• Heller C 1861. Beitrage zur Crustaceen-Fauna des rothen Meeres. Zweiter Theil. Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Academie der Wissenschaften, 44: 241-295, pls. 1-3.
• Heller C 1862. Neue Crustaceen gesammelt wahrend der Weltemseglung der KK Fregatte Novara. Zweiter vorläufiger Bericht. Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 12: 519-528. https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/25686/25686.pdf
  » https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/25686/25686.pdf
• Heller C 1865 Crustaceen. In: Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Zweiter Band. III. Abteilung. Vol. 2. 280 p, pls. 1-25.
• Henderson JR 1893. A contribution to Indian carcinology. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 2(5): 325-458, pls. 36-40. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10516
  » https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10516
• Hiller A, and Werding B 2010. Redescription of Petrolisthes militaris (Heller, 1862), with description of a new species from the Indo-West Pacific (Decapoda Porcellanidae). p. 315-331. In: Fransen, CHJM, De Grave, S., and Ng PKL. (Eds.), Lipke Bijdeley Holthuis Memorial Volume, Studies on Malacostraca. Leiden, Brill. (Crustaceana Monograph, 14)
• Hiller A; Harkantra S, and Werding B 2010. Porcellanid crabs from Goa, eastern Arabian Sea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Porcellanidae). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 107(3): 201-212.
• Hsieh BF; Chan TY, and Yu HP 1997. On the porcellanid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Porcellanidae) of Taiwan. Annals of the Taiwan Museum, 40: 275-359.
• Johnson DS 1958. The Indo-West Pacific species of the genus Polyonyx (Crustacea, Decapoda, Porcellanidae). p. 95-118. In: The Annals of Zoology. Vol 2. The Academy of Zoology, 2(8) .
• Johnson DS 1970. The Galatheidea (Crustacea: Decapoda) of Singapore and adjacent waters. Bulletin of the national Museum Singapore, 35(1): 1-44.
• Josileen J; Maheswarudu G; Jinesh PT; Sreesanth L; Ragesh N, and Lakshmi PS 2020. A new record of Porcellana persica Haig, 1966 (Decapoda, Anomura, Porcellanidae) from the Arabian Sea, India. Crustaceana, 93(9-10): 1079-1089. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685403-bja10047
  » https://doi.org/10.1163/15685403-bja10047
• Krauss F 1843. Die Südafrikanischen Crustaceen. Eine Zusammenstellung aller bekannten Malacostraca, Bemerkungen über deren Lebensweise und geographische Verbreitung, nebst Beschrwibung und Abbildung mehrer neuen Arten. Stuttgart, Schweizerbartsche, 68 p., 4 pls.
• Kumaralingam S; Raghunathan C, and Venkataraman K 2015. First record of the commensal porcelain crab, Neopetrolisthes spinatus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Porcellanidae), from India. Marine Biodiversity Records, 8: e90. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267215000676
  » https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267215000676
• Lamarck JBPA 1801. Systême des animaux sans vertèbres, ou tableau général des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux; présentant leurs caractères essentiels et leur distribution, d’après la considération de leurs rapports naturels et de leur organisation, et suivant l’arrangement établis dans les galeries du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, parmi leur dépouilles conservées; précédé du discours d’ouverture du cours de zoologie, donné dans le Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle l’an 8 de la République. Vol. 11. Paris, Déterville, 432 p. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.116650
  » https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.116650
• Latreille PA 1802. Histoire Naturelle, Générale et Particulière des Crustacés et des Insectes. Ouvrage Faisant suite à l'Histoire Naturelle Générale et Particulière, Composée par LeClerc de Buffon, et Rédigée par C.S. Sonnini, Membre de Plusieurs Sociétés Savantes. Vol. 3. Paris, Dufart, 468 p. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.15764
  » https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.15764
• Leach WE 1821. Galatéadées, Galateadæ. (Crust.). p. 49-56. In: Cuvier F (Ed.), Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles, dans lequel on trait Méthodiquement des Différens étres de la Nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement a l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la Médecine, l'Agriculture, le Commerce et les Arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus Célèbres Naturalistes. Ouvrage destiné aux médecins, aux agriculteurs, aux commerçans, aux artistes, aux manufacturiers, et à tous ceux qui ont intérêt à connoître les productions de la nature, leurs caractères génériques et spécifi ques, leur lieu natal, leurs propiétés et leurs usages. Vol. 18. Strasbourg et Paris, F.G. Levrault et Le Normant. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.42219
  » https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.42219
• Lieske E, and Myers RF 2004. Korallenriff-Führer Rotes Meer: Rotes Meer bis Golf von Aden, Südoman;[Bestimmungsbuch für Taucher, Schnorchler und Aquarianer; über 1200 Arten in Farbfotos und Farbzeichnungen]. Kosmos, 381 p.
• MacLeay W 1838. On the brachyurous decapod Crustacea brought from the Cape by Dr. Smith. Illustrations of the Annulosa of South Africa; Being a Portion of the Objects of Natural History Chiefly Collected During an Expedition into the Interior of South Africa, under the Direction of Dr. Andrew Smith, in the Years 1834, 1835, and 1836; fitted out by The Cape of Good Hope Association for Exploring Central Africa. London, Published under the Authority of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Treasury, 75 p., 4 pls. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10416
  » https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10416
• Melin G 1939. Paguriden und Galatheiden von Prof. Dr. Sixten Bocks Expedition nach den Bonin-Inseln. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 18: 1-119.
• Miers EJ 1884. Crustacea. In: Report on the zoological collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of HMS ‘Alert’1881-2. Part I. The collections from Melanesia. Part. II. The collections from the Western Indian Ocean. London, British Museum, Natural History, p. 178-322, 513-575, pls 18-32, 46-51. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11669
  » https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11669
• Mitra S; Chowdhury P, and Bose M 2024. Raphidopus dhritiae sp. nov. (Decapoda: Anomura: Porcellanidae) from Matla River Bank of Canning, West Bengal, India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 124(iS): 13-20. https://doi.org/ 10.26515/rzsi/v124/i1S/2024/172711
  » https://doi.org/ 10.26515/rzsi/v124/i1S/2024/172711
• Miyake S 1937. A new crab-shaped anomuran living commensally with a gigantic sea-anemone (Neopetrolisthes ohshimai gen. et sp. nov.). The Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 49(1): 34-36. https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/26917/26917.pdf
  » https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/26917/26917.pdf
• Miyake S 1942. Studies on the decapod crustaceans of Micronesia. III. Porcellanidae. Palao Tropical Biological Station Studies, 2(3): 329-379. https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/27016/27016.pdf
  » https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/27016/27016.pdf
• Miyake S 1943. Studies on the crab-shaped Anomura of Nippon and adjacent waters. Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Kyusyu Imperial University, 7(3): 49-158. https://decapoda.nhm.org/references/pdfpicker.html?id=27017&pdfroot=https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs
  » https://decapoda.nhm.org/references/pdfpicker.html?id=27017&pdfroot=https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs
• Nakasone Y and Miyake S 1968. Four unrecorded porcellanid crabs (Anomura: Porcellanidae) from Okinawa, the Ryukyu Islands. OHMU (Occasional Papers of Zoological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan), 1(4): 97-111.
• Nakasone Y, and Miyake S 1972. Four unrecorded porcellanid crabs (Anomura: Porcellanidae) from Japan. Bulletin of Science & Engineering Division University of the Ryukyus, Mathematics & Natural Sciences, 15: 136-147.
• Ortmann AE 1894. Crustaceen. P. 3-80. In Semon R. (Ed.), Zoologische Forschungsreisen in Australien und dem malayischen Archipel. Denkschriften der Medicinisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Geselschaft zu Jena, vol. 8.
• Osawa M 2007. Porcellanidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) from New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands. Zootaxa, 1548(1): 1-49. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1548.1.1
  » https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1548.1.1
• Osawa M 2014. Porcellanidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) from Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 30: 255-262. https://www.science.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2024/05/S30_C27_255_262.pdf
  » https://www.science.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2024/05/S30_C27_255_262.pdf
• Osawa M 2015. A new species of Polyonyx Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Porcellanidae) from the PANGLAO 2004 Marine Biodiversity Project in the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 63: 536-545. https://www.science.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2024/07/63rbz536-545.pdf
  » https://www.science.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2024/07/63rbz536-545.pdf
• Osawa M, and Chan TY 2010. Part III Porcellanidae (Porcelain crabs). p. 67-181. In Chan T-Y (Ed.), Crustacean Fauna of Taiwan: Crab-like Anomurans (Hippoidea, Lithoidoidea and Porcellanidae). Keelung, National Taiwan University.
• Osawa M, and Fujita Y 2001. A new species of the genus Neopetrolisthes Miyake 1937 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Porcellanidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 114: 162-171. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/partpdf/49148
  » https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/partpdf/49148
• Panikkar NK, and Jayaraman R 1966. Biological and oceanographic differences between the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal as observed from the Indian region. Proceedings / Indian Academy of Sciences, 64(5): 231-240.
• Patel K; Padate VP; Osawa M; Tiwari S; Vachhrajani K, and Trivedi J 2022. An annotated checklist of anomuran species (Crustacea: Decapoda) of India. Zootaxa, 5157(1): 1-100. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5157.1.1
  » https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5157.1.1
• Paulson O 1875. Studies on Crustacea of the Red Sea with notes regarding other seas. Part 1 Podophthalmata and Edriophthalmata (Cumacea). Kiev, Tipografiia S.V. Kulzhenko, 164 p., 21 pls.
• Poupin J, Bouchard JM, Dinhut V, Cleva R and Dumas J. 2013. Anomura (Crustacea Decapoda) from the Mayotte region, western Indian Ocean. Atoll Research Bulletin, 593: 1-73. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00775630.593
  » https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00775630.593
• Prakash S, Kumar TTA, Gopi M and Balasubramanian T. 2013a. First records of four species of Petrolisthes (Decapoda: Anomura: Porcellanidae) in Lakshadweep, India. Marine Biodiversity Records, 6: e47. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267212000851
  » https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267212000851
• Prakash S , Kumar TTA and Khan S. 2013b. Checklist of the Porcellanidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) of India. Check List, 9(6): 1514-1518. https://doi.org/10.15560/9.6.1514
  » https://doi.org/10.15560/9.6.1514
• Samouelle G 1819. The Entomologist's Useful Compendium: Or, An Introduction to the Knowledge of British Insects, Comprising the Best Means of Obtaining and Preserving Them, and a Description of the Apparatus Generally Used; Together with the Genera of Linné, and the Modern Method of Arranging the Classes... according to the Views of Dr. Leach... with Instructions for Collecting and Fitting Up Objects for the Microscope. London, Thomas Boys, 496 p. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.34177
  » https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.34177
• Sankarankutty C 1961. On the porcellanid crab, Porcellanella triloba White (Crustacea-Anomura), a commensal on sea pen with remarks on allied species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 3(1-2): 96-100.
• Sankarankutty C 1962. On a new genus of Porcellanidae (Crustacea-Anomura). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 3(1-2): 92-95.
• Sankarankutty C 1963. On three species of porcellanids (Crustacea-Anomura) from the Gulf of Mannar. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 5(2): 273-279.
• Sankolli KN 1965. On a new species of commensal porcellanid crab, Polyonyx loimicola sp. nov., from India (Crustacea, Anomura, Porcellanidae). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society , 62(2): 285-291.
• Sankolli KN 1966a. On a new species of porcellanid crab (Decapoda, Anomura) from India. Journal of the Zoological Society of India, 15(1): 79-84.
• Sankolli KN 1966b. On a new species of porcellanid crab (Decapoda, Anomura) from India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 5(2): 280-283.
• Sankolli KN 1968. On the Porcellanidae (Crustacea: Anomura) of Ratnagiri along the west coast of India. p. 295-313. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Crustacea, Marine Biological Association of India, Mandapam Camp, 1. Mandapam Camp, Marine Biological Association of India.
• Schlitzer R 2022. Ocean data view 5.0.0. Bremerhaven: Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research. Available at Available at https://odv.awi.de/ Accessed on 02 January 2022.
  » https://odv.awi.de/
• Silambarasan K, Kar AB, Prasad GVA, Pattnayak SK, Das P, Reddy DB and Ramalingam LP. 2023. On some commensal anomuran and brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda) off Visakhapatnam, Northwestern Bay of Bengal. Zootaxa , 5325(4): 541-555. https://doi.org/10. 11646/zootaxa.5325.4.5
  » https://doi.org/10. 11646/zootaxa.5325.4.5
• Stimpson W 1858. Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem, a Republica Federata missa, Cadwaladaro Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers Ducibus, observavit et descripsit. Pars VII. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 10(7): 225-252. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51447
  » https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51447
• Thurston E 1887. Preliminary report on the marine fauna of Ráméswaram, and the neighbouring Islands. Government Central Museum, Madras, Science Series, 1: 5-28, 6 pls.
• Thurston E 1890. Notes on the pearl and chank fisheries and marine fauna of the Gulf of Manaar. Madras, Superintendent, Government Press, 116 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10815
  » https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10815
• Thurston E 1895. Rámésvaram Island and fauna of the Gulf of Mannar. Madras Government Museum Bulletin, 3: 79-138.
• Trivedi JN, Osawa M and Vachhrajani KD. 2017. A new species of the genus Ancylocheles Haig, 1978 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Porcellanidae) from Gujarat, northwestern India. Zootaxa , 4299(3): 384-390. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4299.3.4
  » https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4299.3.4
• Varkey MJ, Murty VSN and Suryanarayana A. 1996. Physical oceanography of the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea. Oceanography and marine biology: an annual review, 34: 1-70.
• Werding B and Hiller A 2007. The Porcellanidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) of the Red Sea with description of a new species of Petrolisthes Zootaxa , 1460(1): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1460.1.1
  » https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1460.1.1
• White A 1851. Descriptions of some apparently new species of Annulosa, (collected by Mr. Macgillivray during the Voyage of H.M.S. Rattlesnake). p. 387-395, pls. 4, 5. In: MacGillivray J (Ed.), Narrative of the Voyage of H.M.S. Rattlesnake, commanded by the late Captain Owen Stanley, R.N., F.R.S. &c. During the years 1846-1850. Including discoveries and surveys in New Guinea, the Louisiade Archipelago, etc. To which is added the account of Mr. E. B. Kennedy's Expedition for the exploration of the Cape York Peninsula. Vol. II. London, T. & W. Boone, Appendix VI.
• Yang S and Naiyanetr P 1997. Thailand’s Porcellanid Crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura). Memoirs of Beijing Natural History Museum, 56: 1-13.
• Zehntner L 1894. Crustacés de l’Archipel malais. Voyage de MM. M. Bedot et C. Pictet dans l’Archipel malais. Revue Suisse de Zoologie et Annales du Musée d’Histoire Naturelle de Genéve, 2(1): 135-214. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.75134
  » https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.75134

• Zoobank:
  http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9EF5B332-7FE2-4AD9-8F76-113856274645

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND DECLARATION

• Consent for publication
  All authors declare that they have reviewed the content of the manuscript and gave their consent to submit the document.
• Funding and grant disclosures
  This work has been carried out under the National Programme “Marine Living Resources” of the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India. The first author acknowledges the financial support from the MoES Research Fellow Program (MRFP).
• Study permits
  Not applicable.

Edited by

• Associate Editor:
  Kareen Schnabel

• Editor-in-chief:
  Christopher Tudge

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  11 July 2025
• Date of issue
  2025

History

• Received
  20 June 2024
• Accepted
  22 Oct 2024