A new species of <i>Mesonauta</i> (Cichliformes: Cichlinae) from the Amapá Grande River basin, Northern Brazil

Oliveira, Rianne Caroline de; Britzke, Ricardo; Oliveira, Claudio; Graça, Weferson Júnio da

doi:10.1590/1982-0224-2025-0103

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Original Article • Neotrop. ichthyol. 23 (03) • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2025-0103 linkcopy

A new species of Mesonauta (Cichliformes: Cichlinae) from the Amapá Grande River basin, Northern Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

A new species of Mesonauta from the Amapá Grande River basin, in Northern Brazil, is herein described using an integrative taxonomy approach. The new species is distinguished from all its congeners by its color pattern and the shape of flank bars 3 to 7. Furthermore, delimitation analyses based on mitochondrial data indicate a high difference (> 6% Barcode distance) between the new species and all other congeners. The new species is found only in the tributaries of the Amapá Grande River basin, and a concise discussion is provided regarding the characteristics of this watershed modified by anthropogenic impacts within the Amapá State.

Keywords:
Amazon; Cichlidae; COX1; Molecular data; Species delimitation

Authorship

person Rianne Caroline de Oliveira

Formal analysis · Investigation · Methodology · Project administration · Validation · Writing-original draft · Writing-review and editing

schoolNúcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil. rianne.oliveira@gmail.com (corresponding author), weferson@nupelia.uem.br.Universidade Estadual de MaringáBrazilMaringá, PR, BrazilNúcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil. rianne.oliveira@gmail.com (corresponding author), weferson@nupelia.uem.br.schoolPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.Universidade Estadual de MaringáBrazilMaringá, PR, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.

0000-0001-7832-8522

person Ricardo Britzke

Data curation · Formal analysis · Funding acquisition · Investigation · Project administration · Supervision · Writing-original draft · Writing-review and editing

schoolMuseo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Gral. Antonio Alvarez de Arenales, 1256, Jesús María, 15072 Lima, Peru. rbritzke@unmsm.edu.pe.Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosPeruLima, Jesús María, PeruMuseo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Gral. Antonio Alvarez de Arenales, 1256, Jesús María, 15072 Lima, Peru. rbritzke@unmsm.edu.pe.

0000-0002-1042-2544

person Claudio Oliveira

Data curation · Formal analysis · Funding acquisition · Investigation · Methodology · Project administration · Resources · Supervision · Validation · Writing-original draft · Writing-review and editing

schoolDepartamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, R. Prof. Dr. Antonio C. W. Zanin, 250, 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. claudio.oliveira@unesp.br.Universidade Estadual PaulistaBrazilBotucatu, SP, BrazilDepartamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, R. Prof. Dr. Antonio C. W. Zanin, 250, 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. claudio.oliveira@unesp.br.

0000-0002-7010-8880

person Weferson Júnio da Graça

Conceptualization · Formal analysis · Funding acquisition · Investigation · Methodology · Project administration · Resources · Supervision · Validation · Writing-original draft · Writing-review and editing

0000-0002-8925-5629

Associate Editor:

Carlos DoNascimiento https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8680-7942

Section Editor:

William Crampton https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2892-8065

Editor-in-chief:

José Birindelli https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9646-9636

Correspondence

Rianne Caroline de Oliveira rianne.oliveira@gmail.com

Competing Interests

The author declares no competing interests.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil. rianne.oliveira@gmail.com (corresponding author), weferson@nupelia.uem.br.Universidade Estadual de MaringáBrazilMaringá, PR, BrazilNúcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil. rianne.oliveira@gmail.com (corresponding author), weferson@nupelia.uem.br.

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.Universidade Estadual de MaringáBrazilMaringá, PR, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.

Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Gral. Antonio Alvarez de Arenales, 1256, Jesús María, 15072 Lima, Peru. rbritzke@unmsm.edu.pe.Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosPeruLima, Jesús María, PeruMuseo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Gral. Antonio Alvarez de Arenales, 1256, Jesús María, 15072 Lima, Peru. rbritzke@unmsm.edu.pe.

Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, R. Prof. Dr. Antonio C. W. Zanin, 250, 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. claudio.oliveira@unesp.br.Universidade Estadual PaulistaBrazilBotucatu, SP, BrazilDepartamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, R. Prof. Dr. Antonio C. W. Zanin, 250, 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. claudio.oliveira@unesp.br.

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Comparada, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.Universidade Estadual de MaringáBrazilMaringá, PR, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Comparada, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.

Figures | Tables

Figures (8)
Tables (3)

Thumbnail

FIGURE 1 | Mesonauta karipuna, NUP 24912, 65.5 mm SL, holotype, Brazil, State of Amapá, municipality of Calçoene, Igarapé Balneário Santa Bárbara, tributary of the Amapá Grande River, Amapá Grande River basin.

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FIGURE 2 | Coloration and ontogenetic variation in Mesonauta karipuna, LBP 21176, 3 paratypes, 17.7–57.6 mm SL.

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FIGURE 3 | Mesonauta karipuna, living specimen photographed just after capture in the Amapá Grande River basin, 17°32’04.8”S 54°25’36.6”W, uncatalogued. Photo by B. F. Melo.

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FIGURE 4 | Schematic drawing of Mesonauta species showing the differences in the bars 1–8 pattern. Note that there is no difference between M. festivus and Mesonauta sp. “Pantanal”, neither between M. egregius and M. mirificus. Differences between the two latter are in the number of anal-fin spines.

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FIGURE 5 | Lower pharyngeal tooth plate of Mesonauta karipuna, LBP 21176, 54.8 mm SL, in the occlusal plane, with anterior portion downward.

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FIGURE 6 | Partial map of South America showing the distribution of Mesonauta karipuna in the Amapá Grande River basin, Brazil. Yellow diamond, type-locality in the Igarapé Balneário Santa Bárbara; red diamond, additional locality in the Igarapé Balneário Raso.

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FIGURE 7 | Sample localities at Igarapé Balneário Santa Bárbara at 02°03’42.8”N 50°54’15.1”W (A) and Igarapé Balneário Raso at 02°05’25.6”N 50°53’19.8”W (B). Photos by B. F. Melo.

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FIGURE 8 | Maximum-likelihood tree based on the cytochrome oxidase c subunit I gene (COI) partial sequence and the species delimitation analyses evidencing the Mesonauta karipuna clade (Amapá Grande River basin) and the presence of Mesonauta from Oiapoque, Branco and Takutu River basins in the M. mirificus clade. Morph.: morphological analysis. Nodes labeled with numbers represent bootstrap support.

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TABLE 1 | Sequences of outgroup species extracted from Genbank database.

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TABLE 2 | Morphometric data of holotype and 8 paratypes of Mesonauta karipuna. Standard length (SL) in millimeters and proportional measurements as percentage of SL. Holotype values not included in the range. SD = Standard deviation.

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TABLE 3 | Mean genetic distance calculated based on COX1 sequence and using Kimura 2-parameter. Distances between groups (interspecific) below diagonal line, with Standard Erros (S.E.) above diagonal line.

imageFIGURE 1 | Mesonauta karipuna, NUP 24912, 65.5 mm SL, holotype, Brazil, State of Amapá, municipality of Calçoene, Igarapé Balneário Santa Bárbara, tributary of the Amapá Grande River, Amapá Grande River basin. open_in_new

imageFIGURE 2 | Coloration and ontogenetic variation in Mesonauta karipuna, LBP 21176, 3 paratypes, 17.7–57.6 mm SL. open_in_new

imageFIGURE 3 | Mesonauta karipuna, living specimen photographed just after capture in the Amapá Grande River basin, 17°32’04.8”S 54°25’36.6”W, uncatalogued. Photo by B. F. Melo. open_in_new

imageFIGURE 4 | Schematic drawing of Mesonauta species showing the differences in the bars 1–8 pattern. Note that there is no difference between M. festivus and Mesonauta sp. “Pantanal”, neither between M. egregius and M. mirificus. Differences between the two latter are in the number of anal-fin spines. open_in_new

imageFIGURE 5 | Lower pharyngeal tooth plate of Mesonauta karipuna, LBP 21176, 54.8 mm SL, in the occlusal plane, with anterior portion downward. open_in_new

imageFIGURE 6 | Partial map of South America showing the distribution of Mesonauta karipuna in the Amapá Grande River basin, Brazil. Yellow diamond, type-locality in the Igarapé Balneário Santa Bárbara; red diamond, additional locality in the Igarapé Balneário Raso. open_in_new

imageFIGURE 7 | Sample localities at Igarapé Balneário Santa Bárbara at 02°03’42.8”N 50°54’15.1”W (A) and Igarapé Balneário Raso at 02°05’25.6”N 50°53’19.8”W (B). Photos by B. F. Melo. open_in_new

imageFIGURE 8 | Maximum-likelihood tree based on the cytochrome oxidase c subunit I gene (COI) partial sequence and the species delimitation analyses evidencing the Mesonauta karipuna clade (Amapá Grande River basin) and the presence of Mesonauta from Oiapoque, Branco and Takutu River basins in the M. mirificus clade. Morph.: morphological analysis. Nodes labeled with numbers represent bootstrap support. open_in_new

table_chartTABLE 1 | Sequences of outgroup species extracted from Genbank database.

Acession number	Genbank name	Current status	References
DQ119220 - COI	Uaru amphiacanthoides	Uaru amphiacanthoides	Chakrabarty (2006)
DQ119219 - COI	Hypselecara temporalis	Hypselecara temporalis	Chakrabarty (2006)
DQ119218 - COI	Heros efasciatus	Heros efasciatus	Chakrabarty (2006)
DQ119197 - COI	Nandopsis octofasciata	Rocio octofasciata	Chakrabarty (2006)
DQ119195 - COI	Herotilapia multispinosa	Herotilapia multispinosa	Chakrabarty (2006)

table_chartTABLE 2 | Morphometric data of holotype and 8 paratypes of Mesonauta karipuna. Standard length (SL) in millimeters and proportional measurements as percentage of SL. Holotype values not included in the range. SD = Standard deviation.

	Holotype	Paratypes	Mean	SD
	Holotype	Range	Mean	SD
Standard length	65.5	46.4–66.8	56.2	–
Body depth	59.3	54.8–61.3	58.2	2.2
Preanal distance	60.2	59.9–64.9	62.0	1.9
Prepelvic distance	43.6	42.8–49.7	45.1	2.2
Prepectoral distance	37.3	35.2–39.6	37.0	1.5
Predorsal distance	50.4	45.2–51.0	48.5	1.7
Distance from dorsal to caudal fin	66.4	62.8–68.8	66.2	1.9
Distance from dorsal to anal fin	59.5	54.8–61.9	59.0	2.3
Distance from dorsal to pelvic fin	53.2	50.1–55.8	53.5	2.0
Distance from dorsal to pectoral fin	34.7	31.3–35.5	34.1	1.4
Caudal peduncle depth	22.1	20.7–22.9	21.8	1.0
Caudal peduncle length (straight)	2.5	2.3–6.2	3.7	1.2
Caudal peduncle length (oblique)	12.0	11.3–12.9	12.0	0.6
Pectoral-fin length	30.4	27.5–32.0	30.0	1.9
Pelvic-fin length	60.7	44.9–80.9	68.8	12.1
Pelvic spine length	19.8	18.8–20.8	19.8	0.8
Dorsal-fin base length (spine)	46.5	42.9–48.6	45.4	2.2
Dorsal-fin base length (total)	62.0	56.1–64.4	61.1	2.5
Last dorsal-fin spine length	19.7	17.7–21.5	20.1	1.6
Anal-fin base length (spine)	23.3	26.5–25.7	24.4	0.7
Anal-fin base length (total)	44.4	40.6–44.9	42.7	1.6
Last anal-fin spine length	20.4	18.3–20.7	19.9	0.8
Head length	36.9	34.0–37.5	36.2	1.1
Head depth (behind the eye)	42.1	39.7–43.8	41.9	1.6
Head width	20.3	18.0–20.5	19.4	0.8
Orbital diameter	14.4	12.4–14.9	13.8	0.9
Postorbital head length	10.5	10.4–11.7	11.0	0.5
Interorbital distance	17.2	14.9–16.8	15.9	0.7
Snout length	14.1	13.1–14.8	13.8	0.6
Cheek depth	8.0	6.8–8.5	7.8	0.7
Lachrymal depth	8.0	7.1–8.8	7.8	0.6
Upper jaw length	10.1	7.5–10.0	9.2	0.8
Lower jaw length	12.0	11.1–12.7	12.1	0.5

table_chartTABLE 3 | Mean genetic distance calculated based on COX1 sequence and using Kimura 2-parameter. Distances between groups (interspecific) below diagonal line, with Standard Erros (S.E.) above diagonal line.

		Between groups									Within groups
		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	d	S.E.
1	Mesonauta karipuna		0.012	0.012	0.013	0.013	0.014	0.013	0.014	0.017	0.00	0.00
2	M. guyanae	0.065		0.003	0.012	0.012	0.014	0.013	0.014	0.016	0.01	0.00
3	M. mirificus	0.063	0.011		0.012	0.012	0.014	0.012	0.013	0.016	0.01	0.00
4	M. insignis	0.069	0.067	0.063		0.004	0.015	0.012	0.014	0.017	0.01	0.00
5	M. egregius	0.072	0.061	0.057	0.010		0.015	0.012	0.014	0.016	n/c	n/c
6	M. acora	0.069	0.078	0.077	0.094	0.089		0.014	0.015	0.016	0.00	0.00
7	M. festivus	0.070	0.071	0.068	0.067	0.065	0.074		0.008	0.016	n/c	n/c
8	M. sp. “Pantanal”	0.074	0.080	0.077	0.077	0.079	0.084	0.035		0.016	n/c	n/c
9	Outgroup	0.162	0.158	0.156	0.163	0.155	0.149	0.150	0.153		0.14	0.01

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