Topological and histological description of preoptic area and hypothalamus in cardinal tetra <i>Paracheirodon axelrodi</i> (Characiformes: Characidae)

Topological and histological descriptions of the preoptic area and hypothalamus of the cardinal tetra Paracheirodon axelrodi were performed. Standard histological paraffin sections were used and stained with Nissl technique, and plastic sections for high-resolution optic microscopy (HROM). The preoptic area showed some differences related to the location of the magnocellular preoptic nucleus (PM) and the size of the neurons in this region, as they were the biggest in all the preoptic area. Additionally, within the preoptic area, the different structures that comprise the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) were identified and characterized. The hypothalamus could be subdivided in three regions - the ventral, the dorsal and the caudal hypothalamic regions - neuron morphology, size and staining pattern were similar in all of them.

Keywords:
Brain; High resolution optic microscopy (HROM); Organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT)

Authorship

Laura Rincón

Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología y Comportamiento, DBBE, FCEN, UBA e IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güirlades 2160, C1428EHA. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. (LR) laura.rinconc27@gmail.com (corresponding author), (MP) pandolfi@bg.fcen.uba.arUBAArgentinaBuenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de Neuroendocrinología y Comportamiento, DBBE, FCEN, UBA e IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güirlades 2160, C1428EHA. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. (LR) laura.rinconc27@gmail.com (corresponding author), (MP) pandolfi@bg.fcen.uba.ar

Martha J. Obando

Grupo de Ictiología, Laboratorio de Embriología, Programa de Biología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada. Campus Rio Grande. Kilómetro 2 Vía Cajicá, Colombia. (MJO) martha.obando@unimilitar.edu.co, (MOT) bioswal@gmail.com, (HH) hernan.hurtado@unimilitar.edu.coUniversidad Militar Nueva GranadaColombiaColombiaGrupo de Ictiología, Laboratorio de Embriología, Programa de Biología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada. Campus Rio Grande. Kilómetro 2 Vía Cajicá, Colombia. (MJO) martha.obando@unimilitar.edu.co, (MOT) bioswal@gmail.com, (HH) hernan.hurtado@unimilitar.edu.co

Mario O. Tovar

Matías Pandolfi

Hernan Hurtado

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures

Figures (6)

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Fig. 1
Schematic side view of Paracheirodon axelrodi brain indicating section levels (letters A to L) comprising the preoptic area (AP) and hypothalamus (H). The zero level is indicated by the letter E. Olfactory bulbs (OB), cerebellum (CE), tuberal hypothalamus (TH), telencephalic hemispheres (TelH), inferior lobes (IL), optic lobes (OL), medulla oblongata (MO) and optic nerve (NII). Bar = 1000 μm.

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Fig. 2
Cross section diagrams showing levels a to f from Fig. 1. The numbers indicate the distance in µm from level zero (E). Pars dorsalis of the anterior commissure (Cantd), pars ventralis of the anterior commissure (Cantv), optic chiasm (CO), postoptic commissure (Cpop), dorsal telencephalic area (D), dorsal accessory optic nucleus (DAO), central zone of the D (Dc), dorsal zone of the D (Dd), lateral zone of the D (Dl), diencephalic ventricle (DiV), medial zone of the D (Dm), dorsomedial optic tract (DOT), posterior zone of the D (Dp), dorsal part of the entopeduncular nucleus (ENd), ventral part of the entopeduncular nucleus (ENv), epiphysis (EP), ventral habenular nucleus (Hav), intermediate thalamic nucleus (I), lateral forebrain bundle (LFB), nucleus taeniae (NT), optic tract (OT), lateral preglomerular nucleus (PGl), magnocellular preoptic nucleus (PM), anterior part of the parvocellular preoptic nucleus (PPa), posterior part of the parvocellular preoptic nucleus (PPp), magnocellular superficial pretectal nucleus (PSm), parvocellular superficial pretectal nucleus (PSp), suprachiasmatic nucleus (SC), optic tectum (TeO), ventral telencephalic area (V), dorsal nucleus of the V (Vd), ventro-lateral thalamic nucleus (VL), ventro-medial thalamic nucleus (VM), ventro-lateral optic tract (VOT), post commissural nucleus of the V (Vp), supra commissural nucleus of the V (Vs), ventral nucleus of the V (Vv). Nissl staining. Bar = 100 μm.

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Fig. 3
Cross section diagrams showing levels g to l from Fig. 1. The numbers indicate the distance in µm from the zero level (E). Anterior tuberal nucleus (ATN), ansulate commissure (Cans), central nucleus of the interior lobe (CIL), mammillary body (CM), central posterior thalamic nucleus (CP), central pretectal nucleus (CPN), postoptic commissure (Cpop), posterior commissure (Cpost), dorsal accessory optic nucleus (DAO), diffuse nucleus of the interior lobe (DIL), dorsomedial optic tract (DOT), dorsal posterior thalamic nucleus (DP), dorsal tegmental nucleus (DTN), retroflex fasciculus (FR), hypophysis (H), caudal zone of the periventricular hypothalamus (Hc), dorsal zone of the periventricular hypothalamus (Hd), hypothalamic lateral nucleus (Hl), ventral zone of the periventricular hypothalamus (Hv), intermediate thalamic nucleus (I), oculomotor nerve (III), lateral longitudinal fascicle (LLF), lateral recess of the diencephalic ventricle (LR), medial longitudinal fascicle (MLF), oculomotor nucleus (NIII), interpeduncular nucleus (Nln), lateral valvular nucleus (NLV), nucleus of the MLF (NMLF), anterior preglomerular nucleus (PGa), lateral preglomerular nucleus (PGl), medial preglomerular nucleus (PGm), periventricular grey zone of the optic tectum (PGZ), perilemniscal nucleus (PL), parvocellular preoptic nucleus (PP), ventral part of the periventricular pretectal nucleus (PPv), posterior recess of the diencephalic ventricle (PR), magnocellular superficial pretectal nucleus (PSm), parvocellular superficial pretectal nucleus (PSp), posterior tuberal nucleus (PTN), suprachiasmatic nucleus (SC), subglomerular nucleus (SG), optic tectum (TeO), tectal ventricle (TeV), tertiary gustatory nucleus (TGN), longitudinal torus (TL), lateral torus (TLa), anterior mesenchepalic cerebellar tract (TMCa), pretecto mammillary tract (TPM), periventricular nucleus of the posterior tuberculum (TPp), semicircular torus (TS), central nucleus of the semicircular torus (TSc), ventrolateral nucleus of the semicircular torus (TSvl), tectobulbar tract (TTB), lateral division of the cerebellar valvula (Val), medial division of the cerebellar valvula (Vam), vascular lacuna of the area postrema (Vas), ventrolateral thalamic nucleus (VL), ventro-medial thalamic nucleus (VM), ventrolateral optic tract (VOT). Nissl staining. Bar = 100 μm.

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Fig. 4
Cross section photomicrographs of the telencephalon of Paracheirodon axelrodi; a. Delineated area shows neurons of the magnocellular preoptic nucleus (PM). Anterior part of the parvocellular preoptic nucleus (PPa) and diencephalic ventricle (DiV); b. Delineated area shows the anterior part of the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT). Glial cells (black arrowhead), nerve fibers detail (white arrow), tanycytes (asterisk) and neurons that correspond to magnocellular preoptic nucleus (PM), anterior part of the parvocellular preoptic nucleus (PPa) and diencephalic ventricle (DiV); c. Delineated area shows the posterior part of the parvocellular preoptic nucleus (PPp) and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SC); d. Delineated area shows posterior part of OVLT. Glial cells (black arrowhead), nerve fibers detail (white arrow), internal capillaries (stars), tanycytes (asterisk) and neurons that correspond to the anterior part of the parvocellular preoptic nucleus (PPa); e. Detail of the most ventral part of the OVLT shows: venule (V), tanycytes (asterisk) and neurons of the anterior part of the parvocellular preoptic nucleus (PPa). Nissl staining (a). Toluidine blue staining (b-e). Bar = 10 μm.

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Fig. 5
Cross section photomicrographs of the diencephalon of Paracheirodon axelrodi; a. Photograph showing neurons from the ventral zone of the periventricular hypothalamus (Hv), the diencephalic ventricle (DiV) and tanycytes (asterisk); b. Neurons of the lateral hypothalamic nucleus (Hl); c. Neurons of the dorsal zone of the periventricular hypothalamus (Hd) surrounding the paired latero-caudal ventricular recess (asterisk); d. Neurons of the most ventral part of the caudal zone of the periventricular hypothalamus (Hc) surrounding the posterior recess of the diencephalic ventricle and glial cells (arrows). Toluidine blue staining. Scale bar = 10 μm.

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Fig. 6
Morphometry of neurons of preoptic area and hypothalamus. a. Cell soma mean perimeter (P) (µm) and area (A) (µm2) in brain nuclei of the preoptic area of Paracheirodon axelrodi. Each column represents the mean value and standard deviation (P < 0.0001). b. Cell soma mean perimeter (P) (µm) and area (A) (µm2) in brain nuclei of the hypothalamus of Paracheirodon axelrodi. Each column represents the mean value and the standard deviation (Perimeter P = 0.16; Area P = 0.12). Different letters above bars denote significant differences, as assessed by the Bonferroni multiple comparisons test.

Fig. 1 Schematic side view of Paracheirodon axelrodi brain indicating section levels (letters A to L) comprising the preoptic area (AP) and hypothalamus (H). The zero level is indicated by the letter E. Olfactory bulbs (OB), cerebellum (CE), tuberal hypothalamus (TH), telencephalic hemispheres (TelH), inferior lobes (IL), optic lobes (OL), medulla oblongata (MO) and optic nerve (NII). Bar = 1000 μm.

Fig. 2 Cross section diagrams showing levels a to f from Fig. 1. The numbers indicate the distance in µm from level zero (E). Pars dorsalis of the anterior commissure (Cantd), pars ventralis of the anterior commissure (Cantv), optic chiasm (CO), postoptic commissure (Cpop), dorsal telencephalic area (D), dorsal accessory optic nucleus (DAO), central zone of the D (Dc), dorsal zone of the D (Dd), lateral zone of the D (Dl), diencephalic ventricle (DiV), medial zone of the D (Dm), dorsomedial optic tract (DOT), posterior zone of the D (Dp), dorsal part of the entopeduncular nucleus (ENd), ventral part of the entopeduncular nucleus (ENv), epiphysis (EP), ventral habenular nucleus (Hav), intermediate thalamic nucleus (I), lateral forebrain bundle (LFB), nucleus taeniae (NT), optic tract (OT), lateral preglomerular nucleus (PGl), magnocellular preoptic nucleus (PM), anterior part of the parvocellular preoptic nucleus (PPa), posterior part of the parvocellular preoptic nucleus (PPp), magnocellular superficial pretectal nucleus (PSm), parvocellular superficial pretectal nucleus (PSp), suprachiasmatic nucleus (SC), optic tectum (TeO), ventral telencephalic area (V), dorsal nucleus of the V (Vd), ventro-lateral thalamic nucleus (VL), ventro-medial thalamic nucleus (VM), ventro-lateral optic tract (VOT), post commissural nucleus of the V (Vp), supra commissural nucleus of the V (Vs), ventral nucleus of the V (Vv). Nissl staining. Bar = 100 μm.

Fig. 3 Cross section diagrams showing levels g to l from Fig. 1. The numbers indicate the distance in µm from the zero level (E). Anterior tuberal nucleus (ATN), ansulate commissure (Cans), central nucleus of the interior lobe (CIL), mammillary body (CM), central posterior thalamic nucleus (CP), central pretectal nucleus (CPN), postoptic commissure (Cpop), posterior commissure (Cpost), dorsal accessory optic nucleus (DAO), diffuse nucleus of the interior lobe (DIL), dorsomedial optic tract (DOT), dorsal posterior thalamic nucleus (DP), dorsal tegmental nucleus (DTN), retroflex fasciculus (FR), hypophysis (H), caudal zone of the periventricular hypothalamus (Hc), dorsal zone of the periventricular hypothalamus (Hd), hypothalamic lateral nucleus (Hl), ventral zone of the periventricular hypothalamus (Hv), intermediate thalamic nucleus (I), oculomotor nerve (III), lateral longitudinal fascicle (LLF), lateral recess of the diencephalic ventricle (LR), medial longitudinal fascicle (MLF), oculomotor nucleus (NIII), interpeduncular nucleus (Nln), lateral valvular nucleus (NLV), nucleus of the MLF (NMLF), anterior preglomerular nucleus (PGa), lateral preglomerular nucleus (PGl), medial preglomerular nucleus (PGm), periventricular grey zone of the optic tectum (PGZ), perilemniscal nucleus (PL), parvocellular preoptic nucleus (PP), ventral part of the periventricular pretectal nucleus (PPv), posterior recess of the diencephalic ventricle (PR), magnocellular superficial pretectal nucleus (PSm), parvocellular superficial pretectal nucleus (PSp), posterior tuberal nucleus (PTN), suprachiasmatic nucleus (SC), subglomerular nucleus (SG), optic tectum (TeO), tectal ventricle (TeV), tertiary gustatory nucleus (TGN), longitudinal torus (TL), lateral torus (TLa), anterior mesenchepalic cerebellar tract (TMCa), pretecto mammillary tract (TPM), periventricular nucleus of the posterior tuberculum (TPp), semicircular torus (TS), central nucleus of the semicircular torus (TSc), ventrolateral nucleus of the semicircular torus (TSvl), tectobulbar tract (TTB), lateral division of the cerebellar valvula (Val), medial division of the cerebellar valvula (Vam), vascular lacuna of the area postrema (Vas), ventrolateral thalamic nucleus (VL), ventro-medial thalamic nucleus (VM), ventrolateral optic tract (VOT). Nissl staining. Bar = 100 μm.

Fig. 4 Cross section photomicrographs of the telencephalon of Paracheirodon axelrodi; a. Delineated area shows neurons of the magnocellular preoptic nucleus (PM). Anterior part of the parvocellular preoptic nucleus (PPa) and diencephalic ventricle (DiV); b. Delineated area shows the anterior part of the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT). Glial cells (black arrowhead), nerve fibers detail (white arrow), tanycytes (asterisk) and neurons that correspond to magnocellular preoptic nucleus (PM), anterior part of the parvocellular preoptic nucleus (PPa) and diencephalic ventricle (DiV); c. Delineated area shows the posterior part of the parvocellular preoptic nucleus (PPp) and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SC); d. Delineated area shows posterior part of OVLT. Glial cells (black arrowhead), nerve fibers detail (white arrow), internal capillaries (stars), tanycytes (asterisk) and neurons that correspond to the anterior part of the parvocellular preoptic nucleus (PPa); e. Detail of the most ventral part of the OVLT shows: venule (V), tanycytes (asterisk) and neurons of the anterior part of the parvocellular preoptic nucleus (PPa). Nissl staining (a). Toluidine blue staining (b-e). Bar = 10 μm.

Fig. 5 Cross section photomicrographs of the diencephalon of Paracheirodon axelrodi; a. Photograph showing neurons from the ventral zone of the periventricular hypothalamus (Hv), the diencephalic ventricle (DiV) and tanycytes (asterisk); b. Neurons of the lateral hypothalamic nucleus (Hl); c. Neurons of the dorsal zone of the periventricular hypothalamus (Hd) surrounding the paired latero-caudal ventricular recess (asterisk); d. Neurons of the most ventral part of the caudal zone of the periventricular hypothalamus (Hc) surrounding the posterior recess of the diencephalic ventricle and glial cells (arrows). Toluidine blue staining. Scale bar = 10 μm.

Fig. 6 Morphometry of neurons of preoptic area and hypothalamus. a. Cell soma mean perimeter (P) (µm) and area (A) (µm2) in brain nuclei of the preoptic area of Paracheirodon axelrodi. Each column represents the mean value and standard deviation (P < 0.0001). b. Cell soma mean perimeter (P) (µm) and area (A) (µm2) in brain nuclei of the hypothalamus of Paracheirodon axelrodi. Each column represents the mean value and the standard deviation (Perimeter P = 0.16; Area P = 0.12). Different letters above bars denote significant differences, as assessed by the Bonferroni multiple comparisons test.

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Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia Neotropical Ichthyology, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá., Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Phone number: +55 44-3011-4632 - Maringá - PR - Brazil
E-mail: neoichth@nupelia.uem.br

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Métricas

Topological and histological description of preoptic area and hypothalamus in cardinal tetra <i>Paracheirodon axelrodi</i> (Characiformes: Characidae)

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