Fig. 1
Odontostilbe weitzmani: (a) holotype, MZUSP 121648, 1, 42.5 mm SL, Itirapina, São Paulo State. (b) paratype, MCP 32277, female, 42.2 mm SL, rio Piracicaba, São Paulo. (c) paratype, FMNH 131317, female, 38.7 mm SL, rio Tietê at Salto Avanhandava below the falls, São Paulo, Brazil. FMNH 131317 was listed under O. microcephala by Eigenmann (1915Eigenmann CH. The Cheirodontinae, a subfamily of minute characid fishes of South America. Ann Carnegie Mus [serial on the internet]. 1915; 7(1):1-100.).
Fig. 2
Dentition of Odontostilbe weitzmani, paratype MCP 20337 male: (a) left side premaxilla, (b) maxilla, and (c) dentary, lateral view. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM).
Fig. 3
Mesopterygoid of Odontostilbe weitzmani paratype, male (MCP 20337) ventral view: (a) mesopterygoid with teeth forming a row, (b) detailed image of the teeth of mesopterygoid with 1, 2 and 3 cusps. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM).
Fig. 4
Live specimen of Odontostilbe weitzmani collected in the Municipality of Carmo do Rio Claro, stream tributary of Ribeirão Itaci, rio Grande, upper rio Paraná, Minas Gerais, Brazil (not preserved, photo by Azevedo-Santos, V. M.).
Fig. 5
First gill arch of Odontostilbe weitzmani: (a) left side, lateral view, showing gill gland (arrow) on anteriormost portion of lower branch of MCP 20337 male. In detail (b) gill rakers near the junction of ceratobranchial and epibranchial, and (c) gill rakers on lower branch of gill arch. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM).
Fig. 6
Southern South America showing the distribution of Odontostilbe avanhandava (green diamonds), O. microcephala (yellow squares) and O. weitzmani (red circle). Type localities represented by star of respective colors.
Fig. 7
Odontostilbe avanhandava: (a) holotype LIRP 3239, female, 48.7 mm SL; rio Paranaíba, Paracatu, Minas Gerais, Brazil. (b) paratype, FMNH 57871, male 62.1 mm SL, rio Tietê at Salto Avanhandava below the falls, São Paulo, Brazil; specimen reviewed by Eigenmann (1915Eigenmann CH. The Cheirodontinae, a subfamily of minute characid fishes of South America. Ann Carnegie Mus [serial on the internet]. 1915; 7(1):1-100.).
Fig. 8
Dentition of Odontostilbe avanhandava, MCP 26004, paratype: (a) premaxilla, (b) maxilla, and (c) dentary, left side, lateral view. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM).
Fig. 9
(a) First gill arch of Odontostilbe avanhandava, MCP 26004, paratype, left side, lateral view. In detail (b) gill rakers on upper branchial branch, and (c) gill rakers on lower branchial branch. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM).
Fig. 10
Odontostilbe microcephala: (a) holotype CAS 59790, male 32.7 mm SL, río Pilcomayo, Bolivia, tributary of río Paraguay (photo by The California Academy of Sciences - Ichthyology Section); (b) MCP 38310, female, 45.6 mm SL, arheic basin of río Horcones, Salta, Rosario de la Frontera, Argentina; (c) male, río Salí, in Tucumán, Argentina (not preserved, photo by Gaston Aguilera).
Fig. 11
Dentition of Odontostilbe microcephala, paratype USNM 32473, left side, lateral view: (a) premaxilla, (b) maxilla, and (c) dentary. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM).
Fig. 12
Odontostilbemicrocephala. Male (MCP 38311): (a) Subterminal mouth (b) Second unbranched of dorsal fin elongate. Male (USNM 321173): (c) and (d) hooks in anal-fin rays; (e) and (f) hooks in pelvic-fin rays.
Fig. 13
Principal Components Analysis (PCA) between the species Odontostilbe avanhandava (red) O. microcephala (light blue) and O. weitzmani (black).
Fig. 14
Box-plot graphics of Odontostilbe avanhandava, O. microcephala and O. weitzmani: lateral line series of scales (top); and branched rays of the anal fin (bottom).
Fig. 15
Morphometric comparison of Odontostilbe microcephala and O. weitzmani. (a) Density plot with the overlap of the variable M17 (horizontal orbit diameter), that best discriminates the two species. (b) Scatterplot of the polar coordinates obtained for both species using variables M17 and M6 (orbit to dorsal-fin origin); the arrows show the vector of variables. (c) Bivariate randomization test, showing the individual (red point) with a higher probability of belonging to O. weitzmani among all included individuals identified as O. microcephala. (d) Bivariate randomization test, showing the individual (red point) with a higher probability of belonging to O. microcephala among all individuals identified as O. weitzmani.
Tab. 1
Morphometric data for Odontostilbe weitzmani. Number of individuals (N), mean, minimum (min), maximum (max) and standard deviation (SD) include values of the holotype (male).
Tab. 2
Morphometric data for Odontostilbe avanhandava, number of individuals (N), mean, minimum (min), maximum (max) and standard deviation (SD) include values of holotype (female).
Tab. 3
Morphometric data for Odontostilbe microcephala. Males range, females range, unsexed range, number of individuals (N), mean, minimum (min), maximum (max) and standard deviation (SD) include values of the paratype CAS 59791 and Standard length of holotype CAS 59790 (male).