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Neotropical Ichthyology

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Original article • Neotrop. ichthyol. 20 (1) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0082 copy

Life history trait variations and population dynamics of Calophysus macropterus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) in two river systems of the Colombian and Peruvian Amazon

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The catfish Calophysus macropterus is heavily exploited in the Amazon basin, yet its life history characteristics are poorly documented, hampering proper fisheries management. In order to fill this gap, monthly sampling in the upper Putumayo River and in the Amazonas, lower Marañón and Ucayali (AMU) rivers were carried out over several years (2013-2015 in the AMU, 2013-2017 in the Putumayo) to provide detailed information about its reproduction, growth and mortality patterns (using length frequency data). Reproduction, which occurs during the dry and early flooding season, was only observed in the upper Putumayo River and not in the sampled portion of the AMU system, suggesting that the species reproduces closer to the Andes than other pimelodid catfishes. Size at first sexual maturity did not differ significantly among sex or among river systems, ranging from 25-28 cm SL. In both river systems, females had a faster growth than males and both genders also tended to have a better growth in the AMU than in the upper Putumayo. Mortality and exploitation estimate all indicated overexploitation of the species in both river systems. The implications of these results for fisheries management and conservation are discussed.

Keywords:
Amazonas-Marañón-Ucayali; Catfish; Growth; Overfishing; Putumayo

River	Sex	N	SL mean (cm)	(SL cm) range	Wt Mean (g)	Wt Range (g)	a (CI95%)	b (CI95%)	r2
Upper Putumayo	F	2706	39.0	23.0-47.5	807	128-1453	0.010 (0.009-0.011)	3.08 (3.04-3.12)	0.9014
	M	4115	31.0	22.0-45.8	395	140-1254	0.014 (0.012-0.015)	2.99 (2.95-3.02)	0.8898
	T	8064	34.0	22.0-47.5	550	128-1454	0.011 (0.010-0.011)	3.06 (3.04-3.07)	0.9578
AMU	F	1112	35.0	23.0-46.6	588	61-1312	0.009 (0.008-0.011)	3.08 (3.04-3.12)	0.9656
	M	597	28.4	22.0-45.8	304	74-1020	0.011 (0.009-0.013)	3.04 (2.98-3.09)	0.9510
	T	1710	32.7	16.5-46.6	489	61-1312	0.010 (0.009-0.010)	3.08 (3.07-3.10)	0.9623

	Sex	L∞ (cm)	K (Year-1)	t0 (Year-1)	ǿ	Score	tmax1 (Year)	tmax2 (Year)
Upper Putumayo	Females	50.4	0.40	-0.357	3.007	0.146	7.1	5.8
	Males	48.4	0.45	-0.319	3.023	0.150	6.3	5.3
	Total	50.1	0.42	-0.340	3.023	0.141	6.8	5.1
AMU	Females	49.9	0.68	- 0.21	3.229	0.394	4.2	3.9
	Males	43.9	0.80	- 0.35	3.188	0.255	3.6	3.2
	Total	50.0	0.6	- 0.29	3.176	0.171	4.7	3.9

	Upper Putumayo				AMU					A
Age (t)	F	M	Total	# F-M	F	M	Total	# F-M	# Total	Total
1	21.1	21.7	21.6	- 2.6%	27.9	26.8	26.2	4.0%	21.3%	18.6
2	30.8	31.4	31.3	- 1.9%	38.8	36.2	36.9	7.0%	19.9%	26.8
3	37.2	37.5	37.8	- 0.8%	44.2	40.5	42.8	9.4%	13.2%	32.1
4	41.6	41.5	42.0	0.3%	47.0	42.4	46.1	11.0%	9.8%	35.7
5	44.5	44.0	44.8	1.2%	48.4	43.2	47.8	12.1%	6.7%	38.1
6	46.4	45.6	46.6	1.9%	49.1	43.6	48.8	12.8%	4.7%	39.6
7	47.7	46.6	47.8	2.4%	49.5	43.8	49.3	13.1%	3.1%	40.7
8	48.6	47.3	48.6	2.9%	49.7	43.8	49.6	13.4%	2.1%	41.4

Formulae used for estimating M		Putumayo			AMU
Formulae used for estimating M		M	F	E	M	F	E
Females	Pauly (1980Pauly D. On the interrelationships between natural mortality, growth parameters, and mean environmental temperature in 175 fish stocks. ICES J Mar Sci. 1980; 39(2):175-92. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/39.2.175 https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/39.2.175... )	0.83	1.35	0.62	1.18	2.12	0.64
	Richter, Efanov (1976)	0.90	1.28	0.59	1.37	1.93	0.58
	Jensen (1996Jensen AL. Beverton and Holt life history invariants result from optimal trade-off of reproduction and survival. Can J Fish Aquat Sci. 1996; 53(4):820-22. https://doi.org/10.1139/f95-233 https://doi.org/10.1139/f95-233... ). Using K	0.64	1.54	0.71	1.09	2.21	0.67
	Jensen (1996Jensen AL. Beverton and Holt life history invariants result from optimal trade-off of reproduction and survival. Can J Fish Aquat Sci. 1996; 53(4):820-22. https://doi.org/10.1139/f95-233 https://doi.org/10.1139/f95-233... ). Using A₅₀	0.99	1.19	0.55	1.66	1.64	0.50
	Gislason et al. (2010Gislason H, Daan N, Rice JC, Pope JG. Size, growth, temperature and the natural mortality of marine fish. Fish Fish . 2010; 11(2):149-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2009.00350.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2009... ). Immature	1.06	1.12	0.51	1.92	1.38	0.42
	Gislason et al. (2010Gislason H, Daan N, Rice JC, Pope JG. Size, growth, temperature and the natural mortality of marine fish. Fish Fish . 2010; 11(2):149-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2009.00350.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2009... ). Mature	0.54	1.64	0.75	0.99	2.31	0.70
	Charnov et al. (2013Charnov EL, Gislason H, Pope JG. Evolutionary assembly rules for fish life histories. Fish Fish. 2013; 14(2):213-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2012.00467.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2012... ). Immature	1.10	1.08	0.49	1.99	1.31	0.40
	Charnov et al. (2013Charnov EL, Gislason H, Pope JG. Evolutionary assembly rules for fish life histories. Fish Fish. 2013; 14(2):213-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2012.00467.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2012... ). Mature	0.59	1.59	0.73	1.07	2.23	0.68
Males	Pauly (1980Pauly D. On the interrelationships between natural mortality, growth parameters, and mean environmental temperature in 175 fish stocks. ICES J Mar Sci. 1980; 39(2):175-92. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/39.2.175 https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/39.2.175... )	0.91	1.57	0.63	1.37	1.45	0.51
	Richter, Efanov (1976)	1.07	1.41	0.57	1.86	0.95	0.34
	Jensen (1996Jensen AL. Beverton and Holt life history invariants result from optimal trade-off of reproduction and survival. Can J Fish Aquat Sci. 1996; 53(4):820-22. https://doi.org/10.1139/f95-233 https://doi.org/10.1139/f95-233... ). Using K	0.72	1.76	0.71	1.28	1.53	0.54
	Jensen (1996Jensen AL. Beverton and Holt life history invariants result from optimal trade-off of reproduction and survival. Can J Fish Aquat Sci. 1996; 53(4):820-22. https://doi.org/10.1139/f95-233 https://doi.org/10.1139/f95-233... ). Using A₅₀	1.22	1.26	0.51	2.44	0.37	0.13
	Gislason et al. (2010Gislason H, Daan N, Rice JC, Pope JG. Size, growth, temperature and the natural mortality of marine fish. Fish Fish . 2010; 11(2):149-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2009.00350.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2009... ). Immature	1.07	1.41	0.57	2.11	0.70	0.25
	Gislason et al. (2010Gislason H, Daan N, Rice JC, Pope JG. Size, growth, temperature and the natural mortality of marine fish. Fish Fish . 2010; 11(2):149-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2009.00350.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2009... ). Mature	0.82	1.66	0.67	1.35	1.46	0.52
	Charnov et al. (2013Charnov EL, Gislason H, Pope JG. Evolutionary assembly rules for fish life histories. Fish Fish. 2013; 14(2):213-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2012.00467.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2012... ). Immature	1.12	1.36	0.55	2.15	0.66	0.23
	Charnov et al. (2013Charnov EL, Gislason H, Pope JG. Evolutionary assembly rules for fish life histories. Fish Fish. 2013; 14(2):213-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2012.00467.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2012... ). Mature	0.87	1.61	0.65	1.42	1.39	0.5
Total	Pauly (1980Pauly D. On the interrelationships between natural mortality, growth parameters, and mean environmental temperature in 175 fish stocks. ICES J Mar Sci. 1980; 39(2):175-92. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/39.2.175 https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/39.2.175... )	0.86	1.15	0.57	1.09	1.58	0.59
	Jensen (1996Jensen AL. Beverton and Holt life history invariants result from optimal trade-off of reproduction and survival. Can J Fish Aquat Sci. 1996; 53(4):820-22. https://doi.org/10.1139/f95-233 https://doi.org/10.1139/f95-233... ). Using K	0.67	1.34	0.67	0.96	1.71	0.64
	Gislason et al. (2010Gislason H, Daan N, Rice JC, Pope JG. Size, growth, temperature and the natural mortality of marine fish. Fish Fish . 2010; 11(2):149-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2009.00350.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2009... ). Immature	1.06	0.95	0.47	1.70	0.97	0.36
	Gislason et al. (2010Gislason H, Daan N, Rice JC, Pope JG. Size, growth, temperature and the natural mortality of marine fish. Fish Fish . 2010; 11(2):149-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2009.00350.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2009... ). Mature	0.65	1.36	0.67	0.87	1.80	0.67
	Charnov et al. (2013Charnov EL, Gislason H, Pope JG. Evolutionary assembly rules for fish life histories. Fish Fish. 2013; 14(2):213-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2012.00467.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2012... ). Immature	1.11	0.90	0.45	1.76	0.91	0.34
	Charnov et al. (2013Charnov EL, Gislason H, Pope JG. Evolutionary assembly rules for fish life histories. Fish Fish. 2013; 14(2):213-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2012.00467.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2012... ). Mature	0.71	1.30	0.65	0.95	1.72	0.65

Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia Neotropical Ichthyology, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá., Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Phone number: +55 44-3011-4632 - Maringá - PR - Brazil
E-mail: neoichth@nupelia.uem.br

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