Two new species of <i>Atlantirivulus</i> (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from Atlantic Forest biome, São Paulo State, Brazil

Ywamoto, Eric Venturini; Nielsen, Dalton Tavares Bressane; Oliveira, Claudio

doi:10.1590/1982-0224-2024-0110

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Original Article • Neotrop. ichthyol. 23 (03) • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2024-0110 linkcopy

Two new species of Atlantirivulus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from Atlantic Forest biome, São Paulo State, Brazil

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Abstract

Atlantirivulus santensis is currently considered as widely distributed along the coastal drainages of São Paulo State, Brazil. However, the morphological variation observed in this taxon suggests that it could represent a species complex. The objective of this study was to verify whether A.santensis may comprise more than one species using an integrative approach (DNA barcoding and morphology). We analyzed morphological traits and 76 partial sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase I region of the mitochondrial DNA of specimens identified as A. santensis, and additionally samples of A. simplicis and A. ribeirensis, for comparative purposes. The DNA barcoding analyses showed the existence of three clusters within A. santensis. The first clade consists of specimens from coastal rivers of the northern region of São Paulo State, the second from coastal rivers from the central region of São Paulo State and tributaries of the upper rio Tietê basin, and the third clade from specimens from coastal rivers from the southern of São Paulo State. Our data corroborates the existence of three Atlantirivulus speciesdistributed along the coastal rivers of São Paulo State. Atlantirivulus santensis is redescribed, plus two new species, described herein.

Keywords:
Conservation; DNA barcoding; Killifish; Rivulinae; Taxonomy

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Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia Neotropical Ichthyology, Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, CCB, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, Cidade Universitária, 86055-900, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, Phone +55(43)3371-5151 - Londrina - PR - Brazil
E-mail: neoichth@nupelia.uem.br

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Species	1	2	3	4	5
1. A. simplicis	-	0.017	0.017	0.016	0.017
2. A. ribeirensis	0.109	-	0.013	0.013	0.013
3. A. tupinambas	0.124	0.079	0.005	0.013	0.014
4. A. peruibensis	0.101	0.076	0.092	0.004	0.008
5. A. santensis	0.105	0.078	0.086	0.034	0.002

	H Male	Males n = 14	Females n = 6
Standard length (mm)	31.4	23.4–43.1	19.3–32.3
Percents of standard length
Body depth	18.6	17.3–21.7	19.2–21.7
Caudal peduncle depth	11.6	12.3–15.2	11.5–12.7
Predorsal length	76.3	72.4–80.9	74.6–80.4
Prepelvic length	51.9	45.2–67.6	48.6–56.4
Length of dorsal-fin base	7.8	6.2–11.2	7.7–11.4
Length of anal-fin base	18.6	17.9–23.1	18.1–19.2
Caudal-fin length	24.2	21.0–30.0	22.7–28.4
Pectoral-fin length	16.2	15.9–21.3	14.3–21.0
Pelvic-fin length	6	4.2–8.0	4.2–4.9
Head length	21.4	18.3–25.9	19.9–24.7
Percents of head length
Head depth	71	52.8–84.2	65.7–75.5
Head width	80.3	75.8–95.4	77.5–93.5
Snout length	27.2	28.8–35,4	26.0–32.9
Lower jaw length	23.6	18.6–30.2	19.5–21.6
Eye diameter	32.2	31.6–39.4	29.8–35.5
Counts
Dorsal-fin rays	7	7-9	7-8
Caudal-fin rays	31	28–33	28–30
Anal-fin rays	14	12–14	13–14
Pelvic-fin rays	5	5	5
Pectoral-fin rays	13	13	13

	H Male	Males n = 19	Females n =24
Standard length (mm)	32.6	19.2–39.0	15.4–35.0
Percents of standard length
Body depth	21.3	15.5–22.3	17.6-32.0
Caudal peduncle depth	13.6	10.6–14.6	9.9–14.0
Predorsal length	75.3	70.3–78.5	72.4–79.3
Prepelvic length	53.6	45.5–57.3	48.7-56.1
Length of dorsal-fin base	7.3	5.0–14.2	6.2–13.1
Length of anal-fin base	18.8	15.2–27.2	13.7–23.3
Caudal-fin length	20.9	23.0–31.3	21.1–28.9
Pectoral-fin length	16.7	15.2–22.7	13.7-22.0
Pelvic-fin length	5.9	5.1–9.2	5.1-5.7
Head length	23.6	19.8–28.5	23.4–28.1
Percents of head length
Head depth	71.4	53.2-69.5	51.7–66.4
Head width	81.4	65.3-87.1	61.2-76.3
Snout length	26	24.2-27.1	14.4-19.1
Lower jaw length	20.5	15.8–23.2	16.5–21.6
Eye diameter	35.5	27.8–42	29.8–39.8
Counts
Dorsal-fin rays	8	8	8
Caudal-fin rays	31	30–32	30
Anal-fin rays	14	13–14	14
Pelvic-fin rays	6	6	6
Pectoral-fin rays	14	14	14

	Males n = 15	Females n = 13
Standard length (mm)	20.0–54.6	18.1–58.6
Percents of standard length
Body depth	15.9–20.9	17.5–18.9
Caudal peduncle depth	11.3–15.1	9.4–12.1
Predorsal length	73.0–80.9	75.0–80.1
Prepelvic length	47.7–67.6	52.4–61.2
Length of dorsal-fin base	7.2–10.3	8.0–9.4
Length of anal-fin base	15.8–22.6	15.9–17.5
Caudal-fin length	23.7–32.8	26.8–31.6
Pectoral-fin length	15.4–22.6	15.5–19.6
Pelvic-fin length	4.3–6.1	4.1–5.7
Head length	21.5–25.4	24.2–27.7
Percents of head length
Head depth	65.9–73.6	61.2–66.1
Head width	70.9–82.8	72.3–81.4
Snout length	25.1–28.3	22.9–25.3
Lower jaw length	16.9–21.8	16.7–20.3
Eye diameter	33.1–39.5	35.1–37.9
Counts
Dorsal-fin rays	8	8
Caudal-fin rays	28–31	28–30
Anal-fin rays	14	14
Pelvic-fin rays	6	6
Pectoral-fin rays	12	12