FIGURE 1 |
Corydoras colossus, holotype, MNRJ 54421, 44.5 mm SL, Jutaí, Amazonas, Brazil, rio Jutaí, reportedly near confluence with rio Solimões, rio Amazonas basin.
FIGURE 2 |
Head osteological pattern in a c&s paratype of Corydoras colossus (CITL 928, 48.4 mm SL), showing (A) general morphology in lateral view, and (B) the detail of the lateral ethmoid morphology. Abbreviations: f: frontal, io1–2: infraorbital 1 and 2, iop: interopercle, le: lateral ethmoid, n: nasal, me: mesethmoid, op: opercle, pes: pterotic-extrascapular, pop: preopercle, prh: posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula, pso: parieto-supraoccipital, sph: sphenotic. Area where the illustrated bones are located in fish’s body marked in red in the miniature drawing of the new species. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 3 |
Top of head and predorsal region of trunk of a c&s paratype of Corydoras colossus (CITL 928, 48.4 mm SL) in dorsal view. Abbreviations: f: frontal, n: nasal, np: nuchal plate, pes: pterotic-extrascapular, pso: parieto-supraoccipital, sph: sphenotic. Area where the illustrated bones are located in fish’s body marked in red in the miniature drawing of the new species. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 4 |
Infraorbital series in lateral view (A), region of orbit in dorsal view (B), and suspensorium plus operculum in lateral view of a c&s paratype of Corydoras colossus (CITL 928, 48.4 mm SL). Abbreviations: aa: angulo-articular, d: dentary, f: frontal, hym: hyomandibula, io1–2: infraorbital 1 and 2, iop: interopercle, mp: metapterygoid, op: opercle, pop: preopercle, prh: posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula, q: quadrate, sph: sphenotic. Yellow arrows indicate the inner laminar expansion of both infraorbitals. Area where the illustrated bones are located in fish’s body marked in red in the miniature drawing of the new species. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 5 |
Lateral view of (A) the dorsal-fin spine and dorsal view of (B) the left pectoral-fin spine in a c&s paratype of Corydoras colossus (CITL 928, 48.4 mm SL), showing their serration patterns. Area where the illustrated bones are located in fish’s body marked in red in the miniature drawing of the new species. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 6 |
General color pattern in life of an uncatalogued aquarium specimen in dorsal view (A), showing its predorsal region in detail (B); general color pattern of anterior portion of body of another uncatalogued aquarium specimen, showing its head and anterior portion of trunk in lateral view (C) and the detail of the axillary region in a c&s paratype of Corydoras colossus (CITL 928, 48.4 mm SL), which is indicated by the grey arrow. Red arrows in (B) indicate that the extremities of the V-shaped iridescent patch, which seem to point towards the origin of each dorsal and pectoral spines in dorsal view; similarly, the white arrows in (C) indicates the roughly arched iridescent area from pectoral-fin origin to dorsal-fin origin in lateral view. Red arrow in (C) indicates the iridescent patch on lateral portion of cleithrum, above axillary gland region, which is located just dorsally to axillary gland opening (indicated by the grey arrow base). Yellow arrow indicates the axillary gland opening, and the transparent white area represents the soft tissue covering the axillary region in non c&s specimens. Abbreviations: cl: cleithrum, pfs: pectoral-fin spine, sco: scapulocoracoid. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photos A and B by Wei-Chieh Tseng, photo C by Daniel Konn-Vetterlein.
FIGURE 7 |
Pelvic girdle in a c&s paratype of Corydoras colossus (CITL 928, 43.1 mm SL). Abbreviations: bp: basipterygium, pae: anterior external process, pai: anterior internal process, pi: dorsal ischiac process. Pelvic girdle position shown in red in the miniature photo of the holotype (MNRJ 54421, 44.5 mm SL) in ventral view. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 8 |
General morphology of caudal skeleton in a c&s paratype of Corydoras colossus (CITL 928, 43.1 mm SL), showing the small cartilage (outlined in red) between upper principal and procurrent caudal-fin rays. Abbreviations: ccc: compound caudal centrum, cfr: caudal-fin principal rays, dpcr: dorsal procurrent rays, epu: epural, has: haemal spine, hyp 1–5: hypurals 1 to 5, nes: neural spine, par: parhypural, pu 2–4: preural centra 2 to 4, un: uroneural, vpcr: ventral procurrent rays. Area where the illustrated bones are located in fish’s body marked in red in the miniature drawing of the new species. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 9 |
Coalescent platelets on ventral surface of trunk in a c&s paratype of Corydoras colossus (CITL 928, 48.4 mm SL), forming the typical mosaic-like pattern. Area in detail outlined (dotted line) in black in the miniature photo of the holotype (MNRJ 54421, 44.5 mm SL) in ventral view. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 10 |
Variations in color pattern in life of Corydoras colossus in lateral view, showing the general color pattern in life of the holotype (A); MNRJ 54421, 44.5 mm SL), a paratype with a paler pattern (B); not labelled as photographed after preservation, catalog number untraceable), and of an uncatalogued aquarium specimen (not measured) with a darker pattern (C). Photos by Steven Grant.
FIGURE 11 |
Breeding pair (A), female on the left and male on the right, plus an ontogenetic series of Corydoras colossus (bred under aquarium conditions) showing general changes in external morphology and color pattern in specimens with (B) 9.0 mm TL, (C) 13.0 mm TL; (D) 17.0 mm TL, and (E) 22.0 mm TL. Photos by Hans Evers.
FIGURE 12 |
Map showing the type locality of Corydoras colossus (orange star), the rio Jutaí close to its outfall into the rio Solimões, Amazonas, Brazil.
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