Fish passages in South America: an overview of studied facilities and research effort

Lira, Nibelle A.; Pompeu, Paulo S.; Agostinho, Carlos S.; Agostinho, Angelo A.; Arcifa, Marlene Sofia; Pelicice, Fernando M.

doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20160139

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ARTICLES • Neotrop. ichthyol. 15 (2) • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20160139 copy

Fish passages in South America: an overview of studied facilities and research effort

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

River regulation has fragmented fluvial ecosystems in South America, affecting fish migration and dispersion dynamics. In response, authorities have installed fish passage facilities (FPF) to mitigate impacts. However, little is known about the geographical distribution of these facilities, and no synthesis of the research effort applied to understanding their functioning and limitations exists. To address this issue, our study gathered the available scientific literature about fishways in South America to provide an overview of studied FPF and associated research effort. We found 80 studies that investigated 25 FPF, mostly ladders installed in the upper reaches of large rivers, particularly in the Paraná River Basin. One important finding is that most facilities do not lead to upstream and/or downstream sites due to the presence of other dams with no FPF. Though the number of studies has increased over the past 10 years, there is no consistent trend towards increased research effort. Overall, studies have focused on the fishway itself (i.e. upstream passage), and rarely evaluated broader issues (i.e. habitat distribution, population dynamics, conservation and management success). Our research therefore identified technical limitations of past studies, and revealed important gaps in the knowledge of FPF as a management tool.

Keywords:
Conservation; Dam; Fishway; Impact; Management

Tab. 1 Fish passage facilities in South America based on studies retrieved in our literature survey. N = number of studies. Review/synthesis and modelling papers are not listed in the table. Review/Synthesis papers: Agostinho et al. (2002Agostinho AA, Gomes LC, Fernandez DR, Suzuki HI. Efficiency of fish ladders for Neotropical ichthyofauna. River Res Applic. 2002; 18:299-306.); **Agostinho et al. (2004Agostinho AA, Gomes LC, Latini JD. Fisheries management in Brazilian reservoirs: Lessons from/for South America. Interciencia. 2004; 29(6):334-38.); Baigún et al. (2007Baigún CRM, Nestler JM, Minotti P, Oldani N. Fish passage system in an irrigation dam (Pilcomayo River basin): When engineering designs do not match ecohydraulic criteria. Neotrop Ichthyol . 2012; 10(4):741-50.); Godinho, Kynard (2008Godinho AL, Kynard B. Migratory fishes of Brazil: life history and fish passage needs. River Res Applic . 2008; 25(6):702-12.); Lopes, Silva (2012Lopes JM, Silva FO. Metodologia para o planejamento, implantação, definição de objetivos e monitoramento de sistemas de transposição de peixes pela Cemig. In: Lopes JM, Silva FO, editors. Transposição de peixes. Belo Horizonte: Cemig ; 2012. p.19-33. (Série Peixe Vivo, 1).); Pompeu et al. (2012Pompeu PS, Agostinho AA, Pelicice FM. Existing and future challenges: the concept of successful fish passage in South America river research and applications. River Res Applic . 2012; 28(4):504-12.); Pelicice et al. (2015Pelicice FM, Pompeu PS, Agostinho AA. Large reservoirs as ecological barriers to downstream movements of Neotropical migratory fish. Fish Fish. 2015; 16(4):697-715.). Modelling papers: Duarte et al. (2012Duarte BAF, Ramos ICR, Santos HA. Reynolds shear-stress and velocity: positive biological response of Neotropical fishes to hydraulic parameters in a vertical slot fishway. Neotrop Ichthyol . 2012; 10(4):813-19.); Santos et al. (2007Santos HA, Pompeu PS, Martinez CB. Swimming performance of the migratory Neotropical fish Leporinus reinhardti (Characiformes: Anostomidae). Neotrop Ichthyol . 2007; 5(2):139-46.); Santos, Martinez (2012Santos HA, Martinez CB. Estudo da capacidade natatória de peixes neotropicais. In: Lopes, JM, Silva FO, editors. Transposição de peixes. Belo Horizonte: Cemig ; 2012. p.133-170. (Série Peixe Vivo, 1).); Santos et al. (2012**Santos HA, Viana EMF, Pompeu PS, Martinez CB. Optimal swim speeds by respirometer: an analysis of three Neotropical species. Neotrop Ichthyol . 2012; 10(4):805-11.).

Fish passage	Type	Type (ladder)	Dam	River	Basin	N	Studies
1) Santo Antônio	Lateral Canal		Santo Antônio	Madeira	Amazon	1	Rodrigues et al. (2012)
2) Lajeado	Ladder	Weir and Orifice	Lajeado	Tocantins	Amazon	5	Agostinho et al. (2007c); Agostinho et al. (2007b); Agostinho et al. (2007d); Agostinho et al. (2011); Agostinho et al. (2012)
3) Peixe Angical	Ladder	Weir and Orifice	Peixe Angical	Tocantins	Amazon	6	Agostinho et al. (2009); Freitas et al. (2009); Pereira-Assis et al. (2009a); Pereira-Assis et al. (2009b); Pereira-Assis (2010); Pelicice, Agostinho (2012)
4) Igarapé	Ladder		Igarapé	Paraopeba	São Francisco	2	Alves (2007a); Alves (2012)
5) Santa Clara	Lift (trap) and truck		Santa Clara	Mucuri	Mucuri	5	Pompeu et al. (2004); Pompeu, Martinez (2005); Pompeu, Martinez (2006); Pompeu, Martinez (2007); Pompeu et al. (2011)
6) Risoleta Neves	Ladder (trap) and truck	Pool & weir	Risoleta Neves	Doce	Doce	1	Braga et al. (2007)
7) Baguari	Ladder	Vertical-slot	Baguari	Doce	Doce	1	Silva et al. (2012a)
8) Ilha dos Pombos	Ladder		Ilha dos Pombos	Paraíba do Sul	Paraíba do Sul	1	Bastos et al. (2009)
9) Funil	Lift		Funil	Grande	Paraná	6	Alves et al. (2007b); Godinho et al. (2007); Pereira, Pompeu (2012); Souza et al. (2007); Suzuki et al. (2011); Suzuki et al. (2013)
10) Igarapava	Ladder	Vertical-slot	Igarapava	Grande	Paraná	8	Bizzoto et al. (2009); Bowen et al. (2006); Casali et al.(2009); Godinho et al. (2012); Maia et al. (2007); Silva et al. (2012b); Vono (2004); Vono et al. (2007)
11) Canoas I	Ladder	Weir and Orifice	Canoas I	Paranapanema	Paraná	4	Britto, Carvalho (2013); Lopes et al. (2007); Pelicice, Agostinho (2008); Ramos et al. (2012)
12) Canoas II	Ladder	Weir and Orifice	Canoas II	Paranapanema	Paraná	4	Britto, Carvalho (2013); Lopes et al. (2007); Pelicice, Agostinho (2008); Ramos et al. (2012)
13) Ourinhos	Ladder	Pool &Weir	Ourinhos	Paranapanema	Paraná	1	Arcifa, Esguícero (2012)
14) Cachoeira das Emas	Ladder	Pool &Weir	Cachoeira das Emas	Mogi Guassu	Paraná	1	Godoy (1987)
15) Gavião Peixoto	Ladder		Gavião Peixoto	Jacaré-Guaçu	Paraná	1	Esguícero, Arcifa (2010)
16) Palmeiras	Ladder	Weir and Orifice	Palmeiras	Sapucaí-Mirim	Paraná	1	Souza et al. (2012)
17) Salto de Morais	Ladder		Salto de Morais	Tijuco	Paraná	1	Godinho et al. (1991)
18) Porto-Primavera	Ladder	Weir and Orifice	Porto Primavera	Paraná	Paraná	9	Antonio et al. (2007); Assumpção et al. (2012); Makrakis et al. (2007a); Makrakis et al. (2007b); Makrakis et al. (2012); Pelicice, Agostinho (2008); Silva et al. (2012c); Volpato et al. (2009); Wagner et al. (2012)
19) Canal da Piracema	Lateral Canal		Itaipu	Paraná	Paraná	6	Fontes-Júnior et al. (2012a); Fontes-Júnior et al. (2012b); Hahn et al. (2007); Hahn (2007); Makrakis et al. (2007c); Makrakis et al. (2010)
20) Escada de Itaipu	Ladder	Weir and Orifice	Itaipu	Paraná	Paraná	4	Borguethi et al. (1994); Fernandez et al. (2004); Fernandez et al. (2007a); Fernandez et al. (2007b)
21) Yacyreta	Lift		Yacyretá	Paraná	Paraná	3	Oldani et al. (2001); Oldani, Baigún (2002); Oldani et al. (2007)
22) Salto Grande	Lock		Salto Grande	Uruguay	Uruguay	1	Oldani et al. (2007)
23) ETA III Ribeirão Garcia	Ladder		ETA III	Itajaí-Açú	Itajaí	1	Moretto (2005)
24) José Barasuol	Lateral Canal		José Barasuol	Ijuí	Uruguay	1	Kusma, Ferreira (2009)
25) Rota 28	Ladder	Pool &Weir	Rota 28	Pilcomayo	Pilcomayo	1	Baigún et al. (2012)

Species	N
Migratory
Prochilodus lineatus	23
Pimelodus maculatus	13
Salminus brasiliensis	11
Megaleporinus elongatus	10
Piaractus mesopotamicus	9
Pseudoplatystoma corruscans	7
Megaleporinus obtusidens, Pterodoras granulosus	5
Megaleporinus reinhardti, Salminus hilari, Prochilodus costatus	4
Megaleporinus macrocephalus, Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum, Rhinelepis aspera, Zungaro zungaro	3
Hemisorubim platyrhynchos, Leporinus sp., Rhaphiodon vulpinus, Zungaro jahu, Sorubim lima	2
Pimelodus ornatus, Pinirampus pirinampu, Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum, Brycon hilari, Salminus franciscanus	1
Non-migratory
Leporinus friderici	7
Hypostomus sp., Schizodon borellii, Schizodon nasutus	3
Astyanax sp., Piabarchus stramineus, Leporinus octofasciatus, Metynnis maculatus, Myleus tiete, Oxydoras knerii, Pimelodus sp., Schizodon intermedius	2
Pimelodus ornatus, Ageneiosus brevifilis, Apareidon affinis, Astyanax aff. fasciatus, Astyanax altiparanae, Astyanax fasciatus, Auchenipterus nuchalis, Catathyridium jenynsii, Cichla kelberi, Cyphocharax santacatarinae, Geophagus brasiliensis, Hoplias malabaricus, Leporinus acutidens, Oligosarcus aff. jenynsii, Pimelodus absconditus, Pimelodus clarias, Iheringichthys labrosus, Pimelodus albicans, Rhamdia quelen, Rhinodoras dorbignyi, Schizodon knerii, Schizodon sp., Steindachnerina insculpta	1

Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia Neotropical Ichthyology, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá., Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Phone number: +55 44-3011-4632 - Maringá - PR - Brazil
E-mail: neoichth@nupelia.uem.br

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