A new species of <i>Satanoperca</i> (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the Rio Tocantins basin, Brazil

A new species of Satanoperca is described from the Rio Araguaia, Rio Tocantins basin, Brazil, and non-native records are available in the upper Rio Paraná basin. It differs from congeneric species by color pattern characters, such as head and flank marks. It is included in the Satanoperca jurupari species group, characterized by the absence of black rounded blotches on the flank, and low meristic values. A description of the ontogeny of melanophore marks of the S. jurupari species group revealed two different types of arrangement on the flank and numerous melanophore marks on the head. A discussion on morphologically diverse assemblages in the S. jurupari species group is also provided.

Keywords:
Freshwater; Neotropical region; Non-native species; Pigmentation; Taxonomy

Authorship

Renata Rúbia Ota

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil. (RRO) renatarubia.ota@gmail.com (corresponding author); (GCD) gabrieldepra@gmail.com.Universidade Estadual de MaringáBrazilMaringá, PR, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil. (RRO) renatarubia.ota@gmail.com (corresponding author); (GCD) gabrieldepra@gmail.com.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5743-2758

Gabriel de Carvalho Deprá

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5520-9763

Sven Kullander

Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History. Stockholm, Sweden. (SK) sven.kullander@svenkullander.se.Swedish Museum of Natural HistorySwedenSwedenDepartment of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History. Stockholm, Sweden. (SK) sven.kullander@svenkullander.se.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6075-0266

Weferson Júnio da Graça

Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupélia), Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil. (CSP) carlasp@nupelia.uem.br.Universidade Estadual de MaringáBrazilMaringá, PR, BrazilNúcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupélia), Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil. (CSP) carlasp@nupelia.uem.br.

Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil. (WJG) weferson@nupelia.uem.br.Universidade Estadual de MaringáBrazilMaringá, PR, BrazilDepartamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil. (WJG) weferson@nupelia.uem.br.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8925-5629

Carla Simone Pavanelli

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4059-984X

Edited-by

George Mattox

Correspondence

Renata Rúbia Ota renatarubia.ota@gmail.com

Author's Contribution

Renata Rúbia Ota: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing-original draft, Writing-review and editing.

Gabriel de Carvalho Deprá: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing-original draft, Writing-review and editing.

Sven Kullander: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing-review and editing.

Weferson Júnio da Graça: Investigation, Supervision, Writing-review and editing.

Carla Simone Pavanelli: Investigation, Supervision, Writing-review and editing.

Competing Interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical Statement

Not applicable.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (22)
Tables (1)

	Holotype	Paratypes				Non–types – Araguaia–Tocantins				Non–types – upper rio Paraná
		N	Range	Mean	SD	N	Range	Mean	SD	N	Range	Mean	SD
Standard length (mm)	151.0	22	69.7–144.8	100.7	–	57	56.5–166.1	101.5	–	120	35.1–173.6	110.3	–
Head depth	38.3	22	34.2–40.7	37.3	1.9	57	24.4–40.8	36.3	3.0	120	30.6–40.5	35.6	1.8
Body depth	44.1	22	40.8–47.3	42.7	1.4	57	37.8–47.3	42.3	2.3	120	36.3–48.8	42.4	2.1
Caudal peduncle depth	15.1	22	13.8–16.7	15.4	0.6	57	13.7–17.0	15.6	0.7	120	13.0–17.3	15.3	0.7
Head length	38.6	22	36.4–41.6	39.0	1.1	57	34.2–40.6	37.4	1.6	120	30.1–40.2	37.4	1.3
Pectoral-fin length	37.5	22	36.1–42.3	38.7	1.6	57	33.4–41.4	37.4	1.7	109	29.0–40.9	35.8	2.3
Pelvic-fin length	37.9	22	33.6–46.7	39.9	3.9	56	30.2–52.0	39.5	4.3	107	27.2–55.8	41.3	6.0
Caudal peduncle length	14.6	22	10.7–19.8	14.6	1.8	57	10.7–19.8	14.3	1.4	120	10.6–16.6	13.8	1.3
Last anal-fin spine length	15.0	21	12.7–19.8	16.8	1.8	56	12.2–19.1	16.3	1.7	119	11.9–17.7	15.1	1.3
Last dorsal-fin spine length	19.3	18	18.3–21.1	20.0	0.9	54	16.3–20.9	19.1	1.1	118	11.8–21.5	18.1	1.4
Predorsal distance	45.6	22	41.9–47.3	45.1	1.6	57	38.9–47.2	44.6	1.5	120	18.1–46.9	43.2	2.7
Prepectoral distance	39.9	22	38.4–44.3	40.3	1.6	57	34.4–43.9	39.1	1.6	120	35.8–44.2	38.7	1.4
Prepelvic distance	43.8	22	41.0–46.3	43.4	1.3	57	33.2–46.3	42.6	1.9	120	40.0–48.7	43.2	1.4
Head width	20.0	22	16.5–21.4	19.0	1.1	57	16.1–21.4	18.3	1.2	120	15.0–21.3	17.9	1.3
Cheek depth	14.8	22	12.4–15.3	13.8	0.8	57	9.7–15.8	13.7	1.2	120	8.6–33.5	14.0	2.2
Lachrymal depth	16.9	22	13.3–17.8	15.5	1.2	57	11.3–17.8	14.9	1.5	120	9.9–17.8	15.2	1.4
Postorbital head length	10.2	22	7.7–11.4	9.5	0.9	57	7.7–11.4	9.7	0.8	120	6.7–12.4	9.3	1.1
Upper jaw length	13.2	21	11.6–13.7	12.9	0.6	54	10.4–13.9	12.5	0.8	117	7.5–13.9	12.2	0.7
Lower jaw length	7.4	22	7.0–9.4	8.2	0.8	54	5.3–9.4	7.6	1.0	117	6.2–10.6	8.2	1.0
Snout length	21.0	22	16.9–23.4	20.0	1.8	57	14.6–23.8	18.7	2.1	120	13.8–21.7	19.0	1.4
Orbital diameter	10.2	22	9.8–12.6	11.2	0.9	57	8.7–13.7	11.0	1.1	120	8.1–14.6	9.9	1.1
Interorbital distance	12.2	22	10.0–12.3	11.3	0.6	57	8.6–12.3	10.5	1.0	120	8.4–12.1	10.3	0.7