FIGURE 1 |
Types of Atlantoraja castelnaui. A, B. MNRJ 608, female, 318.2 mm TL, lectotype; C, D. MNRJ 19314, male, 226.3 mm TL, paralectotype. Scale bars = 10 cm.
FIGURE 2 |
Head region of Atlantoraja castelnaui, UERJ 1853, male, 593 mm TL. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. Scale bar = 10 cm.
FIGURE 3 |
Dorsal squamation of Atlantoraja species. A, A. castelnaui. B, A. cyclophora. C, A. platana. Modified from Figueiredo, (1977)Figueiredo JL. Manual de peixes do sudeste do Brasil. I. Introdução, cações, raias e quimeras. São Paulo: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo; 1977.. alt, alar thorn; idt, interdorsal thorn; iot, interorbital thorn; ist, interspiracular thorn; mct, mediocaudal thorn; nut, nuchal thorn; pck, prickles; pet, preorbital thorn; rst, rostral thorn; sct, scapular thorn; spt, spiracular thorn.
FIGURE 4 |
Color pattern of Atlantoraja species. A, A. castelnaui, UERJ 1853, male, 593 mm TL. B, A. cyclophora, MNRJ 117184, female, 583 mm TL. C, A. platana, UERJ 1383, male, 372 mm TL. Scale bars = 10 cm.
FIGURE 5 |
Neurocranium of Atlantoraja castelnaui, UERJ 1853, male, 593 mm TL. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. af, anterior fontanelle; bp, basal plate; end, endolymphatic foramen; epb, epiphysial bridge; flg, flange; icf, internal carotid artery foramen; inc, inner nasal cartilage ja, jugal arch; na, nasal aperture; nc, nasal capsule; oc, otic capsule; occ, occipital condyle; onc, outer nasal cartilage; opf, ophthalmic foramen; peri, perilymphatic foramen; pf, posterior fontanelle; pnc, posterior nasal cartilage; pos, postorbital process; pre, preorbital process; ptp, pterotic process; rb, rostral base; rn, rostral node; rs, rostrum. Scale bar = 10 mm.
FIGURE 6 |
Map showing the geographic distribution of species of Atlantoraja based on material examined in this study and literature; A. castelnaui (red), A. cyclophora (blue), and A. platana (yellow).
FIGURE 7 |
Types of Atlantoraja cyclophora. A, B. BMNH 1903.6.9.134, male, 325 mm DW, lectotype; C, D. BMNH 1903.6.9.135, female, 430 mm DW, paralectotype. Scale bars = 20 cm.
FIGURE 8 |
Head region of Atlantoraja cyclophora, MNRJ 117184, female, 583 mm TL. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. Scale bar = 10 cm.
FIGURE 9 |
Neurocranium of Atlantoraja cyclophora, MNRJ 117184, female, 583 mm TL. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. af, anterior fontanelle; bp, basal plate; end, endolymphatic foramen; epb, epiphysial bridge; flg, flange; icf, internal carotid artery foramen; inc, inner nasal cartilage ja, jugal arch; na, nasal aperture; nc, nasal capsule; oc, otic capsule; occ, occipital condyle; onc, outer nasal cartilage; opf, ophthalmic foramen; peri, perilymphatic foramen; pf, posterior fontanelle; pnc, posterior nasal cartilage; pos, postorbital process; pre, preorbital process; ptp, pterotic process; rb, rostral base; rn, rostral node; rs, rostrum. Scale bar = 10 mm.
FIGURE 10 |
Holotype of Atlantoraja platana, BMNH 1879.5.14.411, 647 mm TL. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. Scale bar = 20 cm.
FIGURE 11 |
Head region of Atlantoraja platana, UERJ 1383, male, 372 mm TL. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. Scale bar = 10 cm.
FIGURE 12 |
Neurocranium of Atlantoraja platana, UERJ 1383, male, 372 mm TL. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. af, anterior fontanelle; bp, basal plate; end, endolymphatic foramen; epb, epiphysial bridge; flg, flange; icf, internal carotid artery foramen; inc, inner nasal cartilage ja, jugal arch; na, nasal aperture; nc, nasal capsule; oc, otic capsule; occ, occipital condyle; onc, outer nasal cartilage; opf, ophthalmic foramen; peri, perilymphatic foramen; pf, posterior fontanelle; pnc, posterior nasal cartilage; pos, postorbital process; pre, preorbital process; ptp, pterotic process; ra, rostral appendix; rb, rostral base; rn, rostral node; rs, rostrum. Scale bar = 10 mm.
FIGURE 13 |
Squamation of Atlantoraja species, dorsal body surface. A, head, D, caudal anterior region and E, caudal posterior region of A. castelnaui, UERJ 1853, male, 593 mm TL. B, head and F, caudal region of A. cyclophora, MNRJ 117184, female, 583 mm TL. C, head and G, caudal region of A. platana, UERJ 1383, male, 372 mm TL. Scale bars = 20 mm.
FIGURE 14 |
Neurocranium of Atlantoraja species, dorsal view. A, A. castelnaui, UERJ 1853, male, 593 mm TL. B, A. cyclophora, MNRJ 117184, female, 583 mm TL. C, A. platana, UERJ 1383, male, 372 mm TL. af, anterior fontanelle; end, endolymphatic foramen; epb, epiphysial bridge; ethn, foramen for the passage of the ethmoidal nerve; flg, flange; ja, jugal arch; nc, nasal capsule; opf, ophthalmic foramen; peri, perilymphatic foramen; pf, posterior fontanelle; pos, postorbital process; pre, preorbital process; prf, parietal fossa; ptp, pterotic process; ra, rostral appendix; rs, rostrum; soc, supraorbital crest.
FIGURE 15 |
Neurocranium of Atlantoraja species, ventral view. A, A. castelnaui, UERJ 1853, male, 593 mm TL. B, A. cyclophora, MNRJ 117184, female, 583 mm TL. C, A. platana, UERJ 1383, male, 372 mm TL. bp, basal plate; fm, foramen magnum; icf, internal carotid artery foramen; inc, inner nasal cartilage; ins, internasal space; na, nasal aperture; nf, nasal fontanelle; oc, otic capsule; occ, occipital condyle; onc, outer nasal cartilage; pnc, posterior nasal cartilage; rb, rostral base; rn, rostral node.
FIGURE 16 |
Neurocranium of Atlantoraja species; lateral view. A, A. castelnaui, UERJ 1853, male, 593 mm TL. B, A. cyclophora, MNRJ 117184, female, 583 mm TL. C, A. platana, UERJ 1383, male, 372 mm TL. II, foramen for the optic nerve; III, foramen for the oculomotor nerve; IV, foramen for the trochlear nerve; VI, foramen for the abducens nerve; acvf, anterior canal vein foramen; antf, antorbital facet; apba, foramen for the afferent pseudobranchial artery; hf, hyomandibular facet; hVII, foramen for the passage of the hyomandibular ramus of the facialis nerve; opc, opistotic crest; opd¸ optic pedicel; opf, ophthalmic foramen; ornc oronasal canal; pfc, prefacial commissure; prof, prootic formamen; sopf, superficial ophtalmic foramina.
FIGURE 17 |
Jaws and hyomandibular cartilage of Atlantoraja species. A, A. castelnaui., UERJ 1853, male, 593 mm TL. B, A. platana, UERJ 1383, male, 372 mm TL; C, Atlantoraja cyclophora, MNRJ 117184, female, 583 mm TL. hmb, hyomandibula; mck, Meckel’s cartilage; pq, palatoquadrate. Scale bars = 20 mm.
FIGURE 18 |
Teeth of Atlantoraja species. A. Symphyseal region, B. Commissural region of A. castelnaui, UERJ 1853, male, 593 mm TL. C. Symphyseal region, D. Commissural region of A. cyclophora, MNRJ 117184, female, 583 mm TL. E. Symphyseal region, F. Commissural region of A. platana, UERJ 1383, male, 372 mm TL. Scale bars = 5 mm.
FIGURE 19 |
Hyoid and gill arches of Atlantoraja species. A, B. A. cyclophora, MNRJ 117184, female, 583 mm TL. C, D. A. castelnaui, UERJ 1853, male, 593 mm TL. E, F. A. platana, UERJ 1383, male, 372 mm TL. abc, anterior portion of basibranchial copula; bbc, basibranchial copula; bh, basihyal; cb I-V ceratobranchials I-V; cph, cerato-pseudohyoid; eb I-V, epibranchials I-V; eph, epi-pseudohyoid; hb II-IV, hypobranchials II-IV; lpbh, lateral projection of basihyal; pb I-V, pharyngobranchials I-V. Scale bar = 10 mm.
FIGURE 20 |
Pelvic girdle and fin of Atlantoraja species. A. A. castelnaui., UERJ 1853, male, 593 mm TL. B. A. cyclophora, MNRJ 117184, female, 583 mm TL. C. A. platana, UERJ 1383, male, 372 mm TL. 1pvr, first pelvic radial segment; 1pvrc, condyle for the first pelvic radial segment; bpt, basipterygium; obf, obturator foramen; lpp, lateral pelvic process; pib, pubischiac bar; pvr, pelvic radial segments. Scale bars = 20 mm.