Inoculation of plant growth-promoting bacteria and silicon to optimize nitrogen fertilization in Emerald grass

Girardi, Vitória Almeida Moreira; Oliveira, Carlos Eduardo da Silva; Lima, Bruno Horschut de; Gato, Isabela Martins Bueno; Santos, Patrick Luan Ferreira dos; Souza Júnior, Nelson Câmara de; Jalal, Arshad; Teixeira Filho, Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto

doi:10.1590/2447-536X.v31.e312800

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Article • Ornam. Hortic. 31 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536X.v31.e312800 linkcopy

Inoculation of plant growth-promoting bacteria and silicon to optimize nitrogen fertilization in Emerald grass

Uso de bactérias promotoras de crescimento e silício para otimização da adubação nitrogenada em grama esmeralda

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

In Brazil, the main species of turfgrass produced and sold is Emerald grass (Zoysia japonica Steud). However, for high quality production an intensive program of nitrogen fertilization and irrigation is necessary, representing around 21.5% of the costs. Nitrogen is crucial for plant nutrition and growth, increasing photosynthesis and promoting an intense green color. A sustainable alternative is the use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), such as Pseudomonas fluorescens and Azospirillum brasilense, which reduce costs and increase profitability by promoting plant growth. Silicon (Si) fertilization also improves plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of Emerald grass under the effect of inoculation with BPCPs combined with the supply of Si and doses of N, aiming to reduce nitrogen fertilization by 25%. The experiment evaluated soil cover, dark green color index, vegetation index by normalized difference and mass of Emerald grass sod, with 12 treatments combining different doses of N, application of Si and inoculation with BPCPs. The results indicated that the recommended dose of N promoted a higher rate of soil coverage, as well as providing a more intense green in Z. japonica, however, 75% of the recommended dose of N caused greater mass of the mats. However, there was no significant effect of inoculation with BPCPs, nor of Si supply on the analyzed variables.

Keywords:
Azospirillum brasilense ; N supply; Pseudomonas fluorescens ; Si supply; Zoysia japônica

	P _(resin)	OM	pH	K	Ca	Mg	H+Al	SB	CEC
	(mg dm^-3)	(g dm^-3)	(CaCl₂)	-------------------- mmol_c dm^-3 --------------------
	36.00	12.00	5.00	2.00	11.00	4.00	15.00	SB	CEC	17.00	32.00
V	m	Al	S-SO₄ ^2-	B^a	Cu^b	Fe^b	Mn^b	Zn^b	Si
%	%	mmol_c dm^-3	mg dm^-³	---------------- mg dm^-3----------------------
53.0	0.00	0.00	7.00	0.07	0.60	39.00	12.40	Zn^b	Si	0.10	4.00

F.V.	CR			Sod mass
		%		kg
	59DAA	90DAA	143DAA	-
Block	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.75 ^ns
Supply of Si (S)	0.54 ^ns	0.52 ^ns	0.82 ^ns	0.53 ^ns
Dose of N (%) (D)	0.13 ^ns	0.00**	0.00**	0.04*
Inoculation (I)	0.17 ^ns	0.25 ^ns	0.00**	0.26 ^ns
CV (%)	23.94	9.64	8.41	13.49
Overall Average	44.32	63.28	74.30	6.76
MSD	6.23	3.58	3.67	0.53
Supply of Si
Without	45.28	64.00	74.10	0.53	6.67
With	43.37	63.00	74.50	6.84
Dose of N (%)
75	41.93	60.00 b	70.00 b	6.84	7.00 a
100	46.72	66.00 a	78.70 a	6.49 b
Inoculation
No inoculation	46.72	64.90	79.00 a	6.49 b	6.60
A. brasilense	46.11	63.75	71.39 b	6.60
P. fluorescens	40.15	61.27	72.61 b	7.07

F.V.	DGCI			NDVI
	59DAA	90DAA	143DAA	59DAA	90DAA	143DAA
Block	0.00	0.28	0.22	0.00	0.17	0.60
Supply of Si (S)	0.82 ^ns	0.99 ^ns	0.40 ^ns	0.97 ^ns	0.61 ^ns	0.28 ^ns
Dose of N (%) (D)	0.21 ^ns	0.00**	0.01**	0.81 ^ns	0.00**	0.00**
Inoculation (I)	0.45 ^ns	0.13 ^ns	0.38 ^ns	0.22 ^ns	0.50 ^ns	0.19 ^ns
CV (%)	18.09	18.32	18.53	16.56	7.10	5.83
Overall Average	0.45	0.37	0.39	0.50	0.59	0.61
MSD	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.02	0.02
Supply of Si
Without	0.45	0.38	0.40	0.50	0.59	0.60
With	0.45	0.38	0.38	0.50	0.59	0.62
Dose of N (%)
75	0.44	0.34b	0.37b	0.50	0.57b	0.60b
100	0.47	0.41a	0.42a	0.51	0.61a	0.63a
Inoculation
No inoculation	0.44	0.40	0.41	0.53	0.60	0.62
A. brasilense	0.44	0.35	0.38	0.50	0.58	0.61
P. fluorescens	0.48	0.38	0.38	0.48	0.59	0.60

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[TFN1] Note: ^aDetermined in hot water, ^bDetermined in DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid). OM: Organic Matter. CEC: cation exchange capacity, SB: sum of bases, V: base saturation, m: Al saturation.