Morphological and SRAP-based genetic diversity analysis of <i>Zinnia elegans</i> Jacq. accessions

Sari, Miranda Ferwita; Purwantoro, Aziz; Purwestri, Yekti Asih; Sulistyaningsih, Endang

doi:10.1590/2447-536X.v31.e312949

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Article • Ornam. Hortic. 31 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536X.v31.e312949 linkcopy

Morphological and SRAP-based genetic diversity analysis of Zinnia elegans Jacq. accessions

Análise morfológica e da diversidade genética baseada em SRAP de acessos de Zinnia elegans Jacq.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Zinnia elegans Jacq. is ornamental plant commonly cultivated in Indonesia. This species has various flower shapes and colors and is easy to be cultivated in any environmental conditions. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of 18 Z. elegans accessions based on morphological and SRAP molecular markers. The research was arranged a completely randomized design (CRD) with 18 accessions as treatments and three replications within each treatment. SRAP analysis was performed using five primer combinations of C1 (Me6-Em6), C2 (Me8-Em4), C3 (Me8-Em7), C4 (Me9-Em4), and C5 (Me10-Em4). Meanwhile, Z. elegans descriptor from UPOV was used in morphological analysis for quantitative and qualitative traits. The result showed a dendrogram with two main branches of group A and B for morphological traits and SRAP markers with a similarity coefficient of 0.18-0.78 and 0.46-0.80, respectively. SRAP markers significantly correlated with six morphological traits, such as ray floret apex (RFA), ray floret length (RFL), leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW), stem length (SL), and ray floret width (RFW). Five morphological traits that had high GCV and strong SRAP correlation were prioritized for selection. Five SRAP combination primers can be used for molecular marker resources of Zinnia breeding.

Keywords:
molecular marker; ornamental plant; phylogeny; variability; accession

Code	Primer combinations	Sequence
Code	Primer combinations	Forward	Reverse
MC1	Me6-Em6	5’-TGAGTCCAAACCGGACA-3’	5’-GACTGCGTACGAATTGCA-3’
MC2	Me8-Em4	5’-TGAGTCCAAACCGGACT-3’	5’-GACTGCGTACGAATTTGA-3’
MC3	Me8-Em7	5’-TGAGTCCAAACCGGACT-3’	5’-GACTGCGTACGAATTCAA-3’
MC4	Me9-Em4	5’-TGAGTCCAAACCGGAGG-3’	5’-GACTGCGTACGAATTTGA-3’
MC5	Me10-Em4	5’-TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAA-3’	5’-GACTGCGTACGAATTTGA-3’

Trait	MS	σ²p	σ²g	σ²e	GCV	GCV Criteria	PCV	PCV Criteria
Stem Length	63.21	21.11	21.05	0.06	55.27	High	55.35	High
Leaf Length	10.35	3.50	3.42	0.08	21.34	High	21.58	High
Leaf Width	5.49	1.89	1.80	0.09	33.44	High	34.29	High
Flower Head Diameter	105.29	35.17	35.06	0.11	9.97	Low	9.99	Low
Number of Ray Florets	9069.92	3026.36	3021.78	4.58	111.43	High	111.51	High
Ray Floret Length	9.40	3.21	3.09	0.12	11.34	Medium	11.55	Medium
Ray Floret Width	0.26	0.10	0.08	0.02	27.94	High	31.14	High
Disc Diameter	9.25	3.11	3.07	0.03	11.30	Medium	11.36	Medium

Character	Sub-character	Proportion (%)	Character	Sub-character	Proportion (%)
Leaf Undulation	1. Absent	22.22	Ray Floret Apex	1. Acute	5.56
	2. Medium	72.22		2. Rounded	11.11
	3. Strong	5.56		3. Truncate	11.11
Leaf Area of Anthocyanin	1. Absent	55.56		4. Emarginate	33.33
	2. Medium	22.22		5. Dentate	38.89
	3. Large	22.22	Flower Color	1. White Group	11.11
Leaf Length / Width Ratio	1. Very low	22.22		2. Yellow Group	16.67
	2. Medium	61.11		3. Orange Group	11.11
	3. Very high	16.67		4. Red Group	16.67
Flower Head Type	1.Single	61.11		5. Purple Group	11.11
	2. Semi-double	27.78		6. Red-Purple Group	33.33
	3. Double	11.11	Disc Color	1.Yellow Group	27.78
Ray Floret Curvature	1. Incurving	38.89		2. Orange Group	11.11
	2. Straight	44.44		3. Red Group	16.67
	3. Reflexing	16.67		4. Purple Group	11.11
Ray Floret Curved Axis	1. Distal quarter	77.78		5. Red-Purple Group	33.33
Ray Floret Curved Axis	2. Distal half	22.22

Primer combination	Size (bp)	TNB	NPB	PBB (%)	PIC	E	R	D	H
Me6-Em6	100-1200	15	15	100	0.35	5.39	8.33	0.87	0.46
Me8-Em4	100-1000	18	18	100	0.34	5.61	5.89	0.90	0.43
Me8-Em7	100-1500	11	10	91	0.35	3.72	4.56	0.89	0.45
Me9-Em4	150-1300	14	14	100	0.35	4.83	6.33	0.88	0.45
Me10-Em4	100-700	9	9	100	0.35	3.06	3.44	0.89	0.45

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[TFN2] Note: MS = Mean Square; σ²p = Phenotypic Variance; σ²g = Genetic Variance; σ²e = Environmental Variance; GCV = Genotypic Coefficient of Variance; PCV = Phenotypic Coefficient of Variance; GCV and PCV Criteria = High (> 20%), Medium (10% to 20%), Low (< 10%) (Deshmukh et al. (1986); (Maretta et al., 2020)).