Analysis of the physical properties of the seeds of the ubim palm (<i>Geonoma deversa</i> (Poit.) Kunth): an Amazonian species with ornamental potential

Carvalho, Henrique Pereira de; Pinheiro, Romário de Mesquita; Ferreira, Evandro José Linhares; Barros, Quétila Souza; Gadotti, Gizele Ingrid; Oliveira, Erica Karolina Barros de; Silva, Francisco de Assis Ferreira da; Rocha, Andrea Alechandre da

doi:10.1590/2447-536X.v31.e312759

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Article • Ornam. Hortic. 31 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536X.v31.e312759 linkcopy

Analysis of the physical properties of the seeds of the ubim palm (Geonoma deversa (Poit.) Kunth): an Amazonian species with ornamental potential

Análise das propriedades físicas das sementes da palmeira ubim (Geonoma deversa (Poit.) Kunth): uma espécie amazônica com potencial ornamental

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The study of the physical properties of seeds is essential to determine the specific approach in the manufacture of equipment intended for seed processing. The objective of this work was to determine the physical properties of ubim seeds. For this purpose, measurements of length, width, and thickness were taken using a caliper, and the mass was determined with a precision balance. The results were calculated using equations that allowed the characterization of the physical properties of these seeds. Among the estimated parameters, sphericity, with a standard deviation of 3.21%, stood out for presenting low variation and ensuring the similarity of the spherical shape of the seeds. The analysis showed that the seeds have a rounded shape and uniform size within the studied batch.

Keywords:
Arecaceae; biometrics; physical quality; post-harvest process

Authorship

person Henrique Pereira de Carvalho *

Conceptualization · Methodology · Validation · Investigation · Writing

schoolInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, INPA, Núcleo de Apoio as Pesquisas no Acre, Rio Branco-AC, Brasil.Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, INPABrasilRio Branco, AC, BrasilInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, INPA, Núcleo de Apoio as Pesquisas no Acre, Rio Branco-AC, Brasil.

0009-0001-0241-6814

person Romário de Mesquita Pinheiro

Conceptualization · Methodology · Validation · Investigation · Writing - Original Draft · Supervision

0000-0003-0484-8351

person Evandro José Linhares Ferreira

Conceptualization · Methodology · Validation · Investigation · Writing - Original Draft · Supervision

0000-0001-9591-9615

person Quétila Souza Barros

Conceptualization · Methodology · Validation · Writing - Original Draft

0000-0001-7486-3384

person Gizele Ingrid Gadotti

Conceptualization · Methodology · Validation · Investigation · Writing - Original Draft

schoolUniversidade Federal de Pelotas, Centro de Engenharias - Ceng, Pelotas-RS, Brasil.Universidade Federal de PelotasBrasilPelotas, RS, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas, Centro de Engenharias - Ceng, Pelotas-RS, Brasil.

0000-0001-9545-6577

person Erica Karolina Barros de Oliveira

Conceptualization · Investigation · Writing

schoolUniversidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Instituto de Ciência, Engenharia e Tecnologia, Teófilo Otoni-MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e MucuriBrasilTeófilo Otoni, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Instituto de Ciência, Engenharia e Tecnologia, Teófilo Otoni-MG, Brasil.

0000-0002-9720-7643

person Francisco de Assis Ferreira da Silva

Methodology · Investigation

0009-0000-6431-8921

person Andrea Alechandre da Rocha

Writing - Review < Editing · Visualizatio

schoolUniversidade Federal do Acre, Parque Zoobotânico, Rio Branco-AC, Brasil.Universidade Federal do AcreBrasilRio Branco, AC, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Acre, Parque Zoobotânico, Rio Branco-AC, Brasil.

0000-0002-8395-1156

Conflict of interest:

The authors declare that they have no potential conflict of interest in the submitted work.

Editor:

Michele Valquiria dos Reis (Universidade Federal de Lavras, Brasil)

Corresponding Author:
emailhenrique.carvalho@sou.ufac.br

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, INPA, Núcleo de Apoio as Pesquisas no Acre, Rio Branco-AC, Brasil.Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, INPABrasilRio Branco, AC, BrasilInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, INPA, Núcleo de Apoio as Pesquisas no Acre, Rio Branco-AC, Brasil.

Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Centro de Engenharias - Ceng, Pelotas-RS, Brasil.Universidade Federal de PelotasBrasilPelotas, RS, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas, Centro de Engenharias - Ceng, Pelotas-RS, Brasil.

Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Instituto de Ciência, Engenharia e Tecnologia, Teófilo Otoni-MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e MucuriBrasilTeófilo Otoni, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Instituto de Ciência, Engenharia e Tecnologia, Teófilo Otoni-MG, Brasil.

Universidade Federal do Acre, Parque Zoobotânico, Rio Branco-AC, Brasil.Universidade Federal do AcreBrasilRio Branco, AC, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Acre, Parque Zoobotânico, Rio Branco-AC, Brasil.

Figures | Tables | Formulas

Figures (3)
Tables (2)
Formulas (9)

Thumbnail

Fig. 1 Three-dimensional geometric dimensions of Geonoma deversa seeds from Porongaba Seringal, Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, Epitaciolândia, Acre: (a) = length; (b) = width; (c) = thickness. Seed size: length mm x width mm x thickness mm.

Thumbnail

Fig. 2 Characteristics of a small mother plant of Geonoma deversa in reproductive phase from the Porongaba Seringal, Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, Epitaciolândia, Acre. A - Plant with solitary habit; A.1 - Details of pinnate leaves; A.2 - Plant with bunch containing ripe fruits; A.2.1- Detail of black fruits, denoting physiological maturity; A.3 - Plant with caespitose habit; B - Detail of bunch with immature fruits; B.1- Detail of developing fruits in rachillae; C and C.1 - Intact and processed seeds; D - Shape of fruits and seeds.

Thumbnail

Fig. 3 Graphs showing the relative frequency of the length, width, thickness and mass of Geonoma deversa seeds from the Porongaba Seringal, Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, Epitaciolândia, Acre.

Thumbnail

Table 1 Moisture content and thousand-seed mass of a batch of Geonoma deversa palm from the Porongaba Seringal, Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, Epitaciolândia, Acre.

Thumbnail

Table 2 Characterization of physical properties of Geonoma deversa seeds from the Porongaba Seringal, Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, Epitaciolândia, Acre. Three-dimensional data: length = L, width = W, thickness= T and mass = M; Volume Index = IVS, Geometric Mean Diamete = GMD, Equivalent Mean Diamete = EMD, Arithmetic Mean Diameter = AMD, Surface Area = SA, Seed Sphericity = Ø; Volume of Seeds = V, Aspect Ratio = Ar

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imageFig. 1 Three-dimensional geometric dimensions of Geonoma deversa seeds from Porongaba Seringal, Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, Epitaciolândia, Acre: (a) = length; (b) = width; (c) = thickness. Seed size: length mm x width mm x thickness mm. open_in_new

imageFig. 2 Characteristics of a small mother plant of Geonoma deversa in reproductive phase from the Porongaba Seringal, Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, Epitaciolândia, Acre. A - Plant with solitary habit; A.1 - Details of pinnate leaves; A.2 - Plant with bunch containing ripe fruits; A.2.1- Detail of black fruits, denoting physiological maturity; A.3 - Plant with caespitose habit; B - Detail of bunch with immature fruits; B.1- Detail of developing fruits in rachillae; C and C.1 - Intact and processed seeds; D - Shape of fruits and seeds. open_in_new

imageFig. 3 Graphs showing the relative frequency of the length, width, thickness and mass of Geonoma deversa seeds from the Porongaba Seringal, Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, Epitaciolândia, Acre. open_in_new

table_chartTable 1 Moisture content and thousand-seed mass of a batch of Geonoma deversa palm from the Porongaba Seringal, Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, Epitaciolândia, Acre.

Variables	Sample size	Mean	DP	CV (%)
Degree of Moisture (%)	4	27.58	2.53	9.05
Thousand Seed Mass (g)	8	96.98	0.10	3.89

table_chartTable 2 Characterization of physical properties of Geonoma deversa seeds from the Porongaba Seringal, Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, Epitaciolândia, Acre. Three-dimensional data: length = L, width = W, thickness= T and mass = M; Volume Index = IVS, Geometric Mean Diamete = GMD, Equivalent Mean Diamete = EMD, Arithmetic Mean Diameter = AMD, Surface Area = SA, Seed Sphericity = Ø; Volume of Seeds = V, Aspect Ratio = Ar

Variables	Minimum	Mean ± SD	Maximum	CV (%)	± 95% CI	p-Value
L (mm)	4.40	5.41 ± 0.30	6.10	5.61	5.35-5.47	^*
W (mm)	4.10	4.79 ± 0.26	5.40	5.38	4.73-4.84	^*
T (mm)	3.70	4.63 ± 0.29	5.30	6.20	4.56-4.68	^*
M (g)	0.05	0.08 ± 0.01	0.11	16.92	0.07-0.08	ns
SVI	75.85	120.72 ± 18.07	163.13	14.97	117.16-124.28	^ns
GMD (mm)	4.23	4.93 ± 0.25	5.46	5.15	4.87-4.97	^ns
EMD (mm)	2.10	2.33 ± 0.08	2.48	3.40	2.31-2.34	^ns
AMD (mm)	4.27	4.94 ± 0.25	5.47	5.11	4.89-4.99	^ns
SA (mm²)	56.29	76.54 ± 7.75	93.79	10.13	75.01-78.06	^ns
V (mm³)	39.71	63.21 ± 9.46	85.42	14.97	61.34-65.07	^ns
Ø (%)	83.20	91.17 ± 2.92	99.34	3.21	90.59-91.74	^ns
Ar	76.79	88.63 ± 4.19	100.00	4.73	87.80-89.45	^ns

Legend: *significant p < 0.05, ^ns = no significant; CV= coefficient of variation; CI=confidence interval; SD= standard deviation.

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S V I = l e n g t h \times w i d t h \times t h i c k n e s s

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G M D = S V I^{1 / 3}

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E M D = {[l e n g t h \frac{(w i d t h \times t h i c k n e s s)}{4}]}^{1 / 3}

*******

A M D = \frac{l e n g t h + w i d t h + t h i c k n e s s}{3}

*******

A s = π G M D^{2}

*******

\emptyset = [\frac{G M D}{l e n g t h}] 100

*******

A r = [\frac{w i d t h}{l e n g t h}] 100

*******

V = \frac{S V I}{6}

*******

F r = \frac{f i}{n} \times 100

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[TFN2] Legend: *significant p < 0.05, ^ns = no significant; CV= coefficient of variation; CI=confidence interval; SD= standard deviation.