<i>In vitro</i> seed germination and seedling development of Rio Grande cherry (<i>Eugenia involucrata</i> DC.)

Oliveira Junior, Marcelo Almeida de; Colli, Bruna do Amaral Brogio; Stipp, Liliane Cristina Libório; Latado, Rodrigo Rocha; Piedade, Sônia Maria de Stefano; Mourão Filho, Francisco de Assis Alves

doi:10.1590/2447-536X.v31.e312852

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Article • Ornam. Hortic. 31 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536X.v31.e312852 linkcopy

In vitro seed germination and seedling development of Rio Grande cherry (Eugenia involucrata DC.)

Germinação in vitro de sementes e desenvolvimento de plântulas de cerejeira-do-Rio-Grande (Eugenia involucrata DC.)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Trees play an important role in urban landscapes by offering ecological and functional benefits such as heat mitigation and biodiversity support. Native fruit trees, such as the Rio Grande cherry (Eugenia involucrata DC.), may have great potential to be used in this context, by providing food for local fauna and promoting ecological balance, and easily adapt to this environment. On the other hand, propagation is limited by its annual fruiting cycle, recalcitrant seeds, and the low efficiency of clonal propagation methods. Tissue culture offers a promising alternative for large-scale seedling production using in vitro germinated seedlings for micropropagation. This study aimed to optimize in vitro establishment of Rio Grande cherry by evaluating seed preparation and cultivation conditions to enhance in vitro germination and nursery tree production. Factors such as light conditions, tegument removal, MS salt concentrations, sucrose concentrations, and seed fractioning were evaluated in several distinct experiments. High germination and seedling development rates were achieved by removing the tegument and cultivating seeds in the dark. Using a complete MS medium and supplementation of 15 g L^-1 of sucrose also enhanced seedling development. Despite fractioned seeds having some germination potential, seedling development was negatively affected.

Keywords:
Atlantic Forest; Myrtaceae; native species; tissue culture; woody plant

Tegument	Light condition
	7 DIC		14 DIC
	Light	Dark	Light	Dark
With	0.0^Aa ± 0.0	0.0^Ab ± 0.0	0.0^Ab ± 0.0	2.0^Ab ± 2.0
Without	22.0^Ba ± 5.8	60.0^Aa ± 3.2	70.0^Ba ± 6.3	96.0^Aa ± 2.4
Mean	20.5		41.5

Tegument	21 DIC	28 DIC	35 DIC
With	2.0^b ± 1.3	19.0^b ± 4.3	39.0^b ± 5.3
Without	95.0^a ± 2.7	95.0^a ± 2.7	95.0^a ± 2.7
Mean	48.5	57.0	67.0

Light condition	21 DIC	28 DIC	35 DIC
Light	45.0^b ± 15.0	51.0^b ± 13.3	60.0^b ± 10.6
Dark	52.0^a ± 16.0	63.0^a ± 12.7	74.0^a ± 9.2
Mean	48.5	57.0	67.0

Tegument	Light condition
	14 DIC		21 DIC		28 DIC		35 DIC
	Light	Dark	Light	Dark	Light	Dark	Light	Dark
With	0.0^Aa ± 0.0	0.0^Ab ± 0.0	0.0^Ab ± 0.0	0.0^Ab ± 0.0	0.0^Ab ± 0.0	2.0^Ab ± 2.0	2.0^Ab ± 2.0	2.0^Ab ± 2.0
Without	0.0^Ba ± 0.0	18.0^Aa ± 3.7	20.0^Ba ± 11.4	74.0^Aa ± 6.8	58.0^Ba ± 9.7	86.0^Aa ± 4.0	68.0^Ba ± 8.0	90.0^Aa ± 3.2
Mean	4.5		23.5		36.0		40.5

Tegument	Light condition
	SH (cm)		NN		GSI		ESI
	Light	Dark	Light	Dark	Light	Dark	Light	Dark
With	0.1^Ab ± 0.1	0.4^Ab ± 0.4	0.2^Ab ± 0.2	0.8^Ab ± 0.8	0.09^Ab ± 0.01	0.17^Ab ± 0.03	0.01^Ab ± 0.01	0.01^Ab ± 0.01
Without	2.1^Ba ± 0.2	5.8^Aa± 0.1	3.7^Ba ± 0.2	6.2^Aa ± 0.2	0.75^Ba ± 0.07	1.13^Aa ± 0.02	0.26^Ba ± 0.04	0.45^Aa ± 0.02
Mean	2.1		2.7		0.53		0.18

Culture media	14 DIC	21 DIC	28 DIC	35 DIC
MS	49.0^b ± 5.6	87.0^b ± 2.1	92.0^b ± 2.0	96.0^a ± 1.6
½ MS	61.0^ab ± 5.0	94.0^ab ± 2.2	100.0^a ± 0.0	100.0^a ± 0.0
¼ MS	70.0^a ± 6.0	95.0^a ± 2.2	98.0^a ± 1.3	99.0^a ± 1.0
Mean	60.0	92.0	96.6	98.3

Culture media	SH (cm)	NN	ESI	AP (%)
MS	4.9^a ± 0.1	6.1^a ± 0.2	0.55^b ± 0.01	23.0^a ± 4.0
½ MS	4.7^a ± 0.2	5.3^b ± 0.2	0.62^a ± 0.01	29.0^a ± 5.0
¼ MS	4.2^b ± 0.1	4.7^b ± 0.2	0.63^a ± 0.01	57.0^b ± 5.0
Mean	4.6	5.4	0.60	36

Sucrose (g L^-1)	SH (cm)	ESI
15	4.9^a ± 0.1	0.62^a ± 0.01
30	4.3^b ± 0.1	0.59^b ± 0.01
Mean	4.6	0.60

Seed fractioning	7 DIC	14 DIC	21 DIC	28 DIC	35 DIC	60 DIC
Whole seed	62.0^a ± 7.0	80.0^a ± 6.7	84.0^a ± 5.0	84.0^a ± 5.0	84.0^a ± 5.0	92.0^a ± 3.3
Cut in half	32.0^b ± 6.8	58.0^b ± 4.7	60.0^b ± 4.2	60.0^b ± 4.2	60.0^b ± 4.2	70.0^b ± 5.4
Cut into four parts	14.0^c ± 6.7	28.0^c ± 6.8	28.0^c ± 6.8	28.0^c ± 6.8	28.0^c ± 6.8	28.0^c ± 6.8
Mean	36.0	55.3	57.3	57.3	57.3	63.3

Seed fractioning	14 DIC	21 DIC	28 DIC	35 DIC	60 DIC
Whole seed	42.0^a ± 9.6	50.0^a ± 10.0	58.0^a ± 9.6	66.0^a ± 7.9	86.0^a ± 4.3
Cut in half	18.0^ab ± 7.0	28.0^a ± 6.1	32.0^ab ± 6.8	38.0^a ± 6.3	52.0^b ± 7.4
Cut into four parts	6.0^b ± 4.3	6.0^b ± 4.3	10.0^b ± 4.5	14.0^b ± 7.9	26.0^b ± 7.3
Mean	22.0	28.0	33.3	39.3	54.6

Seed fractioning	GIF¹	CSPF¹	SH (cm)²	NN²
Whole Seed	0.92^b ± 0.03	0.88^a ± 0.03	3.3^a ± 0.1	4.0^a ± 0.1
Cut in half	1.40^a ± 0.11	1.08^a ± 0.15	2.4^b ± 0.4	2.5^b ± 0.4
Cut into four parts	1.12^ab ± 0.27	1.12^a ± 0.27	1.4^c ± 0.3	1.4^b ± 0.4
Mean	1.15	1.02	2.4	2.6

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[TFN1] Mean values ± standard error. Values followed by the same uppercase letters, within rows, and by the same lowercase letters, within columns, are not significantly different by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05).