Distribution of urban green spaces: Comparative analysis between cities in different countries

Garcia, Cecília Souza Gontijo; Paiva, Patrícia Duarte de Oliveira; Bruck, Jules; Sousa, Rafael de Brito

doi:10.1590/2447-536X.v27i1.2151

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Scientific article • Ornam. Hortic. 27 (1) • Jan-Mar 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536X.v27i1.2151 copy

Distribution of urban green spaces: Comparative analysis between cities in different countries

Distribuição das áreas verdes públicas: análise comparativa entre cidades em diferentes países

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The presence of urban green spaces (UGS) increases the human’s contact with nature and provides numerous benefits to the society and the local environment. In this way, analyzing, planning and stimulating the implementation of UGS in cities is a fundamental action to improve the life quality of urban society. In this context, the aim was to analyze the situation and distribution of the green spaces of the universities cities of Lavras, Minas Gerais State (Brazil) and Newark, Delaware (USA). For data collection, researches performed field visits and used aerial photography to survey and analysis before calculating indicators including green area index (GAI) and green space ratio (GSR). The city of Lavras has a GAI of 0.54 m² inh^-1. The GSR value was 0.29%, not meeting the minimum of 5% required by local municipal law. Furthermore, there is a bad distribution of UGSs in the urban framework. However, in Newark, the distribution of UGSs is homogeneous and covers all regions of the city. The calculated GAI was 50.2 m² inh^-1 and the GSR has met the 7% minimum required by its Newark Municipal Law. When comparing the two cities, in different countries and conditions it is concluded that Newark (DE) presents UGS indicators, GAI (m² inh^-1) and GSR (%), higher than the values obtained in Lavras (MG), indicating the need for Government actions to increase these values.

Keywords:
green area index; landscape architecture; life quality; parks; squares

N	Name	Area (m²)	Analysis*	N	Name	Area (m²)	Analysis*
1	Praça Dr. Leonardo Venerando	2,594	G	24	Praça s/n	1,442	G
2	Praça Dr. Augusto Silva	8,299	G	25	Praça s/n	2,321	G
3	Praça Mariana Rosa de Souza	4,450	A; C; D	26	Praça Juca da Serra	1,080	A; D
4	Praça das Rosas	1,499	G	27	Praça Elba Terra	208	D
5	Praça Maria Pádua Menicucci	2,999	A; C; D	28	Praça Floriano Ignácio de Jesus	1,336	G
6	Praça dos Crisântemos	1,513	G	29	Praça John Wheelook	2,472	G
7	Praça Sebastião Alcântra	4,890	G	30	Praça s/n	812	G
8	Praça São Pedro	480	G	31	Praça s/n	2,977	G
9	Praça José Esteves	3,425	G	32	Praça Artur Santos Penoni	306	G
10	Praça Dr. Jorge	2,265	G	33	Praça s/n	1,598	G
11	Praça Monsenhor Domingos Pinheiro	1,315	G	34	Praça s/n	2,920	F
12	Praça Dona Josefina	675	G	35	Praça s/n	6,050	G
13	Praça Tenente Francisco Souza Lima	795	G	36	Praça das Margaridas	1,835	F
14	Praça Bocaina	1,499	G	37	Praça s/n	621	G
15	Praça s/n	2,005	G	38	Praça João Albex	106	D
16	Praça Dr. Rafael Menicucci	2,209	G	39	Praça s/n	673	G
17	Praça Joaquim Vitor	558	G	40	Praça do Cruzeiro	161	B; D
18	Praça dos Governadores	375	C; D	41	Praça Duque da Rocha	597	E
19	Praça Gilbram Simão	961	A; C; D	42	Praça s/n	0	F
20	Praça da Igreja São Sebastião	2,025	G	43	Praça s/n	0	F
21	Praça s/n	494	G	44	Praça s/n	479	D
22	Praça s/n	981	G	45	Praça s/n	0	F
23	Praça Antônio Vilela de Andrade	1,234	G
Total urban green space (m²)				75,534
Total area used for calculation of GAI (m²)				59,363

GAI (m² inh^-1)	Nº urban sectors	GSR (%)	Nº urban sectors
0	25	0%	105
0.1 to 7.5	73	0.1 to 1.0%	11
7.6 to 15	11	1.1 to 2.0%	8
15.1 to 30	16	2.1 to 3.0%	2
30.1 to 60	5	4.1 to 5.0%	2
73.1	1	5.1 to 6.0%	3

Nº	Name	Area (m²)	Nº	Name	Area (m²)
1	Lumbrook Park	38,938	15	Norma B. Handloff Park	107,322
2	Lewis Park	42,379	16	Elan Park	42,481
3	Kershaw Park	22,790	17	Karpinski Park	57,047
4	Kells Park	30,835	18	Leroy Hill Park	42,253
5	Phillips Park	124,694	19	Douglas Dwight Alley Park	5,712
6	Fairfield Crest Park	24,768	20	Folk Memorial Park	137,367
7	Edna Dickey Park	56,464	21	Hidden Valley Park	32,244
8	George Wilson Center and Park	31,548	22	William M. Redd Park	488,075
9	George Read Park	18,421	23	Newark Reservoir	758,121
10	Fairfield Park	48,217	24	Rahway Park	5,742
11	Devon Park	31,954	25	White Chapel Park	68,522
12	Rittenhouse Park	422,600	26	Stafford Park	12,509
13	McKees Park	27,520	27	Ridgewood Glen Park	21,680
14	Curtis Mill Park	129,128	28	Olan Thomas Park	19,950
	Total Area of UGSs			2,849,281 m² or 2.8 km²

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[1] * Corresponding author: patriciapaiva@ufla.br