Imprecise job categorization: Refers to the lack of proper labor classification, combining characteristics of both self-employed and independent workers and employees (but only with regard to duties, not rights). Subjects workers to unexpected political and management changes. Associated with precariousness, informality, and exploitative labor relations. |
-
ltenried (2020)
-
Bajwa, Gastaldo, Di Ruggiero, & Knorr (2018)
-
Bulian (2021)Bulian, L. (2021). The Gig Is Up: Who Does Gig Economy Actually Benefit? Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 19(1), 106–119. 10.7906/indecs.19.1.9
-
Barros & Raymundo (2021)Barros, L. de, & Raymundo, T. M. (2021). Envelhecimento, trabalho e tecnologia: motorista de aplicativos como possibilidade laboral para a população 50+. Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional, 29, 1-20. doi:10.1590/2526-8910.ctoao2039
-
Chesta, Zamponi, & Caciagli (2019)
-
Chen & Sun (2020)Chen, J. Y., Sun, P. (2020). Temporal Arbitrage, Fragmented Rush, and Opportunistic Behaviors: The Labor Politics of Time in the Platform Economy. New Media and Society, 22(9), 1561-1579. doi:10.1177/1461444820913567
|
-
Chinguno (2019)Chinguno, C. (2019). Power Dynamics in the Gig/Share Economy: Uber and Bolt Taxi Platforms in Johannesburg, South Africa. LABOUR, Capital and Society, 49(2).
-
Corujo (2017)Corujo, B. S. (2017). The ‘Gig’ Economy and its Impact on Social Security: The Spanish Example. European Journal of Social Security, 19(4), 293-312. 10.1177/1388262717745751
-
Dablanc et al. (2017)Dablanc, L., Morganti, E., Arvidsson, N., Woxenius, J., Browne, M., Saidi, N. (2017). The rise of on-demand ‘Instant Deliveries’ in European cities. Supply Chain Forum, 18(4), 203-217. doi:10.1080/16258312.2017.1375375
-
Fabrellas (2019)Fabrellas, A. G. (2019). The Zero-Hour Contract in Platform Work Should We Ban It or Embrace It? Revista de Internet, Derecho y Politica, 28(28), 29-43. 10.7238/idp.v0i28.3176
-
Fielbaum & Tirachini (2021)Fielbaum, A., Tirachini, A. (2021). The Sharing Economy and the Job Market: The Case of Ride-Hailing Drivers in Chile. Transportation, 48(5), 2235-2261. doi:10.1007/s11116-020-10127-7
-
Harpur & Blanck (2020)Harpur, P., Blanck, P. (2020). Gig Workers with Disabilities: Opportunities, Challenges, and Regulatory Response. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 30(4), 511-520. doi:10.1007/s10926-020-09937-4
|
-
Jan (2018)Jan, A. (2018). Livrer à vélo… en attendant mieux. La Nouvelle Revue Du Travail, 13. 10.4000/nrt.3803
-
Kaine & Josserand (2019)Kaine, S., Josserand, E. (2019). The Organisation and Experience of Work in the Gig Economy. Journal of Industrial Relations, 61(4), 479-501. doi:10.1177/0022185619865480
-
Malin & Chandler (2017)Malin, B. J., Chandler, C. (2017). Free to Work Anxiously: Splintering Precarity Among Drivers for Uber and Lyft. Communication, Culture and Critique, 10(2), 382-400. doi:10.1111/cccr.12157
-
Newlands (2021)Newlands, G. (2021). Algorithmic Surveillance in the Gig Economy: The Organization of Work through Lefebvrian Conceived Space. Organization Studies, 42(5), 719-737. 10.1177/0170840620937900
-
Rosenblat & Stark (2016)Rosenblat, A., Stark, L. (2016). Algorithmic Labor and Information Asymmetries: A Case Study of Uber’s Drivers. International Journal of Communication, 10, 3758-3784. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2686227
-
van Doorn (2017)van Doorn, N. (2017). Platform Labor: On the Gendered and Racialized Exploitation of Low-Income Service Work in the ‘On-Demand’ Economy. Information Communication and Society, 20(6), 898-914. 10.1080/1369118X.2017.1294194
|
Self-management of risks / investment: Designates the obligation that workers have to assume the risks of the work, in both financial and health terms. It is up to the digiworkers to provide the means to make their services possible (Internet, transportation, equipment, etc.), and to take care of their maintenance. They must also manage the risks of exposure to harassment, discrimination and violence by customers, as well as the risks of being unable to work due to illness. |
-
Altenried (2020)Altenried, M. (2020). The Platform as Factory: Crowdwork and the Hidden Labour behind Artificial Intelligence. Capital and Class, 44(2), 145-158. doi:10.1177/0309816819899410 https://doi.org/10.1177/0309816819899410...
-
Bajwa et al. (2018)Bajwa, U., Gastaldo, D., Di Ruggiero, E., & Knorr, L. (2018). The Health of Workers in the Global Gig Economy. Globalization and Health, 14(124), 1-4. doi:10.1186/s12992-018-0444-8
-
Cardoso & Moreira (2020)
-
Chesta et al. (2019)Chesta, R. E., Zamponi, L., Caciagli, C. (2019). Labour Activism and Social Movement Unionism in the Gig Economy. Food Delivery Workers’ Struggles in Italy. Partecipazione e Conflitto, 12(3), 819-844. doi:10.1285/i20356609v12i3p819
-
Corujo (2017)Corujo, B. S. (2017). The ‘Gig’ Economy and its Impact on Social Security: The Spanish Example. European Journal of Social Security, 19(4), 293-312. 10.1177/1388262717745751
-
Fabrellas (2019)Fabrellas, A. G. (2019). The Zero-Hour Contract in Platform Work Should We Ban It or Embrace It? Revista de Internet, Derecho y Politica, 28(28), 29-43. 10.7238/idp.v0i28.3176
|
-
Gregory (2021)Gregory, K. (2021). ‘My Life Is More Valuable Than This’: Understanding Risk among On-Demand Food Couriers in Edinburgh. Work, Employment and Society, 35(2), 316-331. 10.1177/0950017020969593
-
Harpur & Blanck (2020)Harpur, P., Blanck, P. (2020). Gig Workers with Disabilities: Opportunities, Challenges, and Regulatory Response. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 30(4), 511-520. doi:10.1007/s10926-020-09937-4
-
Hunt & Samman (2020)Hunt, A., Samman, E. (2020). Domestic Work and the GIG Economy in South Africa: Old Wine in New Bottles? Anti-Trafficking Review, 15, 102-121. doi:10.14197/atr.201220156
-
Jarrahi, Sutherland, Nelson, & Sawyer (2020)
-
Kaine & Josserand (2019)Kaine, S., Josserand, E. (2019). The Organisation and Experience of Work in the Gig Economy. Journal of Industrial Relations, 61(4), 479-501. doi:10.1177/0022185619865480
-
Kahancová, Meszmann, & Sedláková (2020)
|
-
Malin & Chandler (2017)Malin, B. J., Chandler, C. (2017). Free to Work Anxiously: Splintering Precarity Among Drivers for Uber and Lyft. Communication, Culture and Critique, 10(2), 382-400. doi:10.1111/cccr.12157
-
Rosenblat & Stark (2016)Rosenblat, A., Stark, L. (2016). Algorithmic Labor and Information Asymmetries: A Case Study of Uber’s Drivers. International Journal of Communication, 10, 3758-3784. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2686227
-
Sutherland, Jarrahi, Dunn, & Nelson (2020)
-
van Doorn (2017)van Doorn, N. (2017). Platform Labor: On the Gendered and Racialized Exploitation of Low-Income Service Work in the ‘On-Demand’ Economy. Information Communication and Society, 20(6), 898-914. 10.1080/1369118X.2017.1294194
|
Surveillance & control through algorithmic management: Covers management mechanisms based on algorithmic analysis, with a high level of control (economic, behavioral) and surveillance over workers. These include: practices of determining the amounts to be paid (including surge pricing); gamification to deal with variations in demand and supply; norms of conduct and standards for equipment involved in the provision of services; control over workflow; transaction management; forms of real-time digital monitoring (also known as panoptic digital control) such as the use of GPS (Global Positioning System), facial recognition techniques, and use of the platform’s own chat. |
-
Altenried (2020)Altenried, M. (2020). The Platform as Factory: Crowdwork and the Hidden Labour behind Artificial Intelligence. Capital and Class, 44(2), 145-158. doi:10.1177/0309816819899410 https://doi.org/10.1177/0309816819899410...
-
Arcidiacon, Borghi, & Ciarini (2019)
-
Bajwa et al. (2018)Bajwa, U., Gastaldo, D., Di Ruggiero, E., & Knorr, L. (2018). The Health of Workers in the Global Gig Economy. Globalization and Health, 14(124), 1-4. doi:10.1186/s12992-018-0444-8
-
Bulian (2021)Bulian, L. (2021). The Gig Is Up: Who Does Gig Economy Actually Benefit? Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 19(1), 106–119. 10.7906/indecs.19.1.9
-
Chan (2019)Chan, N. K. (2019). The Rating Game: The Discipline of Uber’s User-Generated Ratings. Surveillance and Society, 17(1-2), 183-190. 10.24908/ss.v17i1/2.12911
-
Chen & Sun (2020)Chen, J. Y., Sun, P. (2020). Temporal Arbitrage, Fragmented Rush, and Opportunistic Behaviors: The Labor Politics of Time in the Platform Economy. New Media and Society, 22(9), 1561-1579. doi:10.1177/1461444820913567
-
Chingano (2019)
-
Cockayne (2016)Cockayne, D. G. (2016). Sharing and Neoliberal Discourse: The Economic Function of Sharing in the Digital On-Demand Economy. Geoforum, 77, 73-82. 10.1016/j.geoforum.2016.10.005
-
Corujo (2017)Corujo, B. S. (2017). The ‘Gig’ Economy and its Impact on Social Security: The Spanish Example. European Journal of Social Security, 19(4), 293-312. 10.1177/1388262717745751
-
Crain, Brossoit, Robles-Saenz, & Tran (2020)
|
-
Del Bono (2019)Del Bono, A. (2019). Trabajadores de plataformas digitales: Condiciones laborales en plataformas de reparto a domicilio en Argentina. Cuestiones de Sociología, 21, e083. 10.24215/23468904e083
-
Fabrellas (2019)Fabrellas, A. G. (2019). The Zero-Hour Contract in Platform Work Should We Ban It or Embrace It? Revista de Internet, Derecho y Politica, 28(28), 29-43. 10.7238/idp.v0i28.3176
-
Gandini (2019)Gandini, A. (2019). Labour Process Theory and the Gig Economy. Human Relations, 72(6), 1039-1056. 10.1177/0018726718790002
-
Gregory (2021)Gregory, K. (2021). ‘My Life Is More Valuable Than This’: Understanding Risk among On-Demand Food Couriers in Edinburgh. Work, Employment and Society, 35(2), 316-331. 10.1177/0950017020969593
-
Idowu & Elbanna (2020)Idowu, A., Elbanna, A. (2020). Digital Platforms of Work and the Crafting of Career Path: The Crowdworkers’ Perspective. Information Systems Frontiers, 24, 441-457. doi:10.1007/s10796-020-10036-1
-
Jarrahi et al. (2020)Jarrahi, M. H., Sutherland, W., Nelson, S. B., Sawyer, S. (2020). Platformic Management, Boundary Resources for Gig Work, and Worker Autonomy. Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 29(1-2), 153-189. doi:10.1007/s10606-019-09368-7
-
Hunt & Samman (2020)Hunt, A., Samman, E. (2020). Domestic Work and the GIG Economy in South Africa: Old Wine in New Bottles? Anti-Trafficking Review, 15, 102-121. doi:10.14197/atr.201220156
-
Kaine & Josserand (2019)Kaine, S., Josserand, E. (2019). The Organisation and Experience of Work in the Gig Economy. Journal of Industrial Relations, 61(4), 479-501. doi:10.1177/0022185619865480
-
Newlands (2021)Newlands, G. (2021). Algorithmic Surveillance in the Gig Economy: The Organization of Work through Lefebvrian Conceived Space. Organization Studies, 42(5), 719-737. 10.1177/0170840620937900
-
Malin & Chandler (2017)Malin, B. J., Chandler, C. (2017). Free to Work Anxiously: Splintering Precarity Among Drivers for Uber and Lyft. Communication, Culture and Critique, 10(2), 382-400. doi:10.1111/cccr.12157
|
-
Moreira & Cardoso (2020)
-
Ravenelle (2017)Ravenelle, A. J. (2017). Sharing Economy Workers: Selling, Not Sharing. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 10(2), 281-295. 10.1093/cjres/rsw043
-
Reid-Musson, MacEachen, & Bartel (2020)
-
Rosenblat & Stark (2016)Rosenblat, A., Stark, L. (2016). Algorithmic Labor and Information Asymmetries: A Case Study of Uber’s Drivers. International Journal of Communication, 10, 3758-3784. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2686227
-
Shapiro (2020)Shapiro, A. (2020). Dynamic Exploits: Calculative Asymmetries in the On-Demand Economy. New Technology, Work and Employment, 35(2), 162-177. 10.1111/ntwe.12160
-
Sutherland et al. (2020)Sutherland, W., Jarrahi, M. H., Dunn, M., Nelson, S. B. (2020). Work Precarity and Gig Literacies in Online Freelancing. Work, Employment and Society, 34(3), 457-475. doi:10.1177/0950017019886511
-
Wuytens & De Groof (2019)Wuytens, C., & De Groof, S. (2019). Regulating Worker-Customer Relations to Improve Workers’ Wellbeing. European Labour Law Journal, 10(2), 154-162. doi:10.1177/2031952519846637
-
Yao (2020)Yao, Y. (2020). Uberizing the Legal Profession? Lawyer Autonomy and Status in the Digital Legal Market. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 58(3), 483-506. 10.1111/bjir.12485
|
Performance appraisal system: Refers to the need for digiworkers to adapt to a performance appraisal system for factors that are not under their control, both situational (e.g., traffic interfering with delivery times) and subjective of the evaluator (e.g., customer satisfaction with the intermediating company interferes with satisfaction with the worker’s service). This is a specific form of control ( high customer power), with constant demands for maintenance of the metrics. Low scores may imply sanctions, and high scores may bring rewards. It fosters competitiveness. Gamification can also turn work into a fun “game.” |
-
Arcidiacono et al. (2019)Arcidiacono, D., Borghi, P., Ciarini, A. (2019). Platform Work: From Digital Promises to Labour Challenges. Partecipazione e Conflitto, 12(3), 611-628. doi:10.1285/i20356609v12i3p611
-
Cockayne (2016)Cockayne, D. G. (2016). Sharing and Neoliberal Discourse: The Economic Function of Sharing in the Digital On-Demand Economy. Geoforum, 77, 73-82. 10.1016/j.geoforum.2016.10.005
-
Corujo (2017)Corujo, B. S. (2017). The ‘Gig’ Economy and its Impact on Social Security: The Spanish Example. European Journal of Social Security, 19(4), 293-312. 10.1177/1388262717745751
-
Chingano (2019)
-
Crain et al. (2020)Crain, T. L., Brossoit, R. M., Robles-Saenz, F., Tran, M. (2020). Fighting Fatigue: A Conceptual odel of Driver Sleep in the Gig Economy. Sleep Health, 6(3), 358-365. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2020.02.004
-
Del Bono (2019)Del Bono, A. (2019). Trabajadores de plataformas digitales: Condiciones laborales en plataformas de reparto a domicilio en Argentina. Cuestiones de Sociología, 21, e083. 10.24215/23468904e083
-
Gandini (2019)Gandini, A. (2019). Labour Process Theory and the Gig Economy. Human Relations, 72(6), 1039-1056. 10.1177/0018726718790002
-
Healy, Pekarek, & Vromen (2020)
-
Idowu & Elbanna (2020)Idowu, A., Elbanna, A. (2020). Digital Platforms of Work and the Crafting of Career Path: The Crowdworkers’ Perspective. Information Systems Frontiers, 24, 441-457. doi:10.1007/s10796-020-10036-1
|
-
Jarrahi et al. (2020)Jarrahi, M. H., Sutherland, W., Nelson, S. B., Sawyer, S. (2020). Platformic Management, Boundary Resources for Gig Work, and Worker Autonomy. Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 29(1-2), 153-189. doi:10.1007/s10606-019-09368-7
-
Malin & Chandler (2017)Malin, B. J., Chandler, C. (2017). Free to Work Anxiously: Splintering Precarity Among Drivers for Uber and Lyft. Communication, Culture and Critique, 10(2), 382-400. doi:10.1111/cccr.12157
-
Köbis, Soraperra, & Shalvi (2021)
-
Ravenelle (2017)Ravenelle, A. J. (2017). Sharing Economy Workers: Selling, Not Sharing. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 10(2), 281-295. 10.1093/cjres/rsw043
-
Reid-Musson et al. (2020)Reid-Musson, E., MacEachen, E., Bartel, E. (2020). ‘Don’t take a poo!’: Worker Misbehaviour in On-Demand Ride-Hail Carpooling. New Technology, Work and Employment, 35(2), 145-161. doi:10.1111/ntwe.12159
-
Rosenblat & Stark (2016)Rosenblat, A., Stark, L. (2016). Algorithmic Labor and Information Asymmetries: A Case Study of Uber’s Drivers. International Journal of Communication, 10, 3758-3784. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2686227
-
Sutherland et al. (2020)Sutherland, W., Jarrahi, M. H., Dunn, M., Nelson, S. B. (2020). Work Precarity and Gig Literacies in Online Freelancing. Work, Employment and Society, 34(3), 457-475. doi:10.1177/0950017019886511
-
Wuytens & De Groof (2019)Wuytens, C., & De Groof, S. (2019). Regulating Worker-Customer Relations to Improve Workers’ Wellbeing. European Labour Law Journal, 10(2), 154-162. doi:10.1177/2031952519846637
-
Yao (2020)Yao, Y. (2020). Uberizing the Legal Profession? Lawyer Autonomy and Status in the Digital Legal Market. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 58(3), 483-506. 10.1111/bjir.12485
|
|
Microtasks: Indicates a need to develop fragmented and servile tasks that give rise to alienation from work and emptiness of meaning . |
-
Altenried (2020)Altenried, M. (2020). The Platform as Factory: Crowdwork and the Hidden Labour behind Artificial Intelligence. Capital and Class, 44(2), 145-158. doi:10.1177/0309816819899410 https://doi.org/10.1177/0309816819899410...
-
Bajwa et al. (2018)Bajwa, U., Gastaldo, D., Di Ruggiero, E., & Knorr, L. (2018). The Health of Workers in the Global Gig Economy. Globalization and Health, 14(124), 1-4. doi:10.1186/s12992-018-0444-8
|
|
|
Emotional labor: Refers to the need for direct, patient and friendly contact with customers and other people in the course of the service provision. Social-emotional interaction at work exposes digiworkers to conflicts, disrespect, harassment, and discrimination, among others. However, the possibility to interact socially may also be positive. |
-
Bulian (2021)Bulian, L. (2021). The Gig Is Up: Who Does Gig Economy Actually Benefit? Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 19(1), 106–119. 10.7906/indecs.19.1.9
-
Chan (2019)Chan, N. K. (2019). The Rating Game: The Discipline of Uber’s User-Generated Ratings. Surveillance and Society, 17(1-2), 183-190. 10.24908/ss.v17i1/2.12911
-
Chingano (2019)
-
Gandini (2019)Gandini, A. (2019). Labour Process Theory and the Gig Economy. Human Relations, 72(6), 1039-1056. 10.1177/0018726718790002
|
-
Healy et al. (2020)Healy, J., Pekarek, A., Vromen, A. (2020). Sceptics or Supporters? Consumers’ Views of Work in the Gig Economy. New Technology, Work and Employment, 35(1), 1-19. doi:10.1111/ntwe.12157
-
Kaine & Josserand (2019)Kaine, S., Josserand, E. (2019). The Organisation and Experience of Work in the Gig Economy. Journal of Industrial Relations, 61(4), 479-501. doi:10.1177/0022185619865480
-
Köbis et al. (2021)Köbis, N. C., Soraperra, I., Shalvi, S. (2021). The Consequences of Participating in the Sharing Economy: A Transparency-Based Sharing Framework. Journal of Management, 47(1), 317-343. doi:10.1177/0149206320967740
-
Newlands (2021)Newlands, G. (2021). Algorithmic Surveillance in the Gig Economy: The Organization of Work through Lefebvrian Conceived Space. Organization Studies, 42(5), 719-737. 10.1177/0170840620937900
|
-
Malin & Chandler (2017)Malin, B. J., Chandler, C. (2017). Free to Work Anxiously: Splintering Precarity Among Drivers for Uber and Lyft. Communication, Culture and Critique, 10(2), 382-400. doi:10.1111/cccr.12157
-
Reid-Musson et al. (2020)Reid-Musson, E., MacEachen, E., Bartel, E. (2020). ‘Don’t take a poo!’: Worker Misbehaviour in On-Demand Ride-Hail Carpooling. New Technology, Work and Employment, 35(2), 145-161. doi:10.1111/ntwe.12159
-
Yao (2020)Yao, Y. (2020). Uberizing the Legal Profession? Lawyer Autonomy and Status in the Digital Legal Market. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 58(3), 483-506. 10.1111/bjir.12485
|
Unpredictability: Encompasses the unpredictable nature of digiwork in a more task-related way (e.g. routes to be followed by drivers). |
-
Bulian (2021)Bulian, L. (2021). The Gig Is Up: Who Does Gig Economy Actually Benefit? Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 19(1), 106–119. 10.7906/indecs.19.1.9
-
Reid-Musson et al. (2020)Reid-Musson, E., MacEachen, E., Bartel, E. (2020). ‘Don’t take a poo!’: Worker Misbehaviour in On-Demand Ride-Hail Carpooling. New Technology, Work and Employment, 35(2), 145-161. doi:10.1111/ntwe.12159
|
|
|
Salary uncertainty: Includes the need to deal with wage variations ensuing from service instability and the platform’s control over values to be charged (depending on the area, the day, the time). Another highlight here is the absence of a guaranteed minimum wage, the tendency for low pay, and the failure to monitor fluctuations of values of inputs required to provide services. |
-
Altenried (2020)Altenried, M. (2020). The Platform as Factory: Crowdwork and the Hidden Labour behind Artificial Intelligence. Capital and Class, 44(2), 145-158. doi:10.1177/0309816819899410 https://doi.org/10.1177/0309816819899410...
-
Bajwa et al. (2018)Bajwa, U., Gastaldo, D., Di Ruggiero, E., & Knorr, L. (2018). The Health of Workers in the Global Gig Economy. Globalization and Health, 14(124), 1-4. doi:10.1186/s12992-018-0444-8
-
Barros & Raymundo (2021)Barros, L. de, & Raymundo, T. M. (2021). Envelhecimento, trabalho e tecnologia: motorista de aplicativos como possibilidade laboral para a população 50+. Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional, 29, 1-20. doi:10.1590/2526-8910.ctoao2039
-
Bulian (2021)Bulian, L. (2021). The Gig Is Up: Who Does Gig Economy Actually Benefit? Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 19(1), 106–119. 10.7906/indecs.19.1.9
-
Cockayne (2016)Cockayne, D. G. (2016). Sharing and Neoliberal Discourse: The Economic Function of Sharing in the Digital On-Demand Economy. Geoforum, 77, 73-82. 10.1016/j.geoforum.2016.10.005
-
Corujo (2017)Corujo, B. S. (2017). The ‘Gig’ Economy and its Impact on Social Security: The Spanish Example. European Journal of Social Security, 19(4), 293-312. 10.1177/1388262717745751
-
Chen & Sun (2020)Chen, J. Y., Sun, P. (2020). Temporal Arbitrage, Fragmented Rush, and Opportunistic Behaviors: The Labor Politics of Time in the Platform Economy. New Media and Society, 22(9), 1561-1579. doi:10.1177/1461444820913567
|
-
Chesta et al. (2019)Chesta, R. E., Zamponi, L., Caciagli, C. (2019). Labour Activism and Social Movement Unionism in the Gig Economy. Food Delivery Workers’ Struggles in Italy. Partecipazione e Conflitto, 12(3), 819-844. doi:10.1285/i20356609v12i3p819
-
Crain et al. (2020)Crain, T. L., Brossoit, R. M., Robles-Saenz, F., Tran, M. (2020). Fighting Fatigue: A Conceptual odel of Driver Sleep in the Gig Economy. Sleep Health, 6(3), 358-365. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2020.02.004
-
Del Bono (2019)Del Bono, A. (2019). Trabajadores de plataformas digitales: Condiciones laborales en plataformas de reparto a domicilio en Argentina. Cuestiones de Sociología, 21, e083. 10.24215/23468904e083
-
Fieseler, Bucher, & Hoffmann (2019)
-
Gregory (2021)Gregory, K. (2021). ‘My Life Is More Valuable Than This’: Understanding Risk among On-Demand Food Couriers in Edinburgh. Work, Employment and Society, 35(2), 316-331. 10.1177/0950017020969593
-
Healy et al. (2020)Healy, J., Pekarek, A., Vromen, A. (2020). Sceptics or Supporters? Consumers’ Views of Work in the Gig Economy. New Technology, Work and Employment, 35(1), 1-19. doi:10.1111/ntwe.12157
-
Hunt & Samman (2020)Hunt, A., Samman, E. (2020). Domestic Work and the GIG Economy in South Africa: Old Wine in New Bottles? Anti-Trafficking Review, 15, 102-121. doi:10.14197/atr.201220156
|
-
Jan (2018)Jan, A. (2018). Livrer à vélo… en attendant mieux. La Nouvelle Revue Du Travail, 13. 10.4000/nrt.3803
-
Kaine & Josserand (2019)Kaine, S., Josserand, E. (2019). The Organisation and Experience of Work in the Gig Economy. Journal of Industrial Relations, 61(4), 479-501. doi:10.1177/0022185619865480
-
Kahancová et al. (2020)Kahancová, M., Meszmann, T. T., Sedláková, M. (2020). Precarization via Digitalization? Work Arrangements in the On-Demand Platform Economy in Hungary and Slovakia. Frontiers in Sociology, 5(3). doi:10.3389/fsoc.2020.00003
-
Reid-Musson et al. (2020)Reid-Musson, E., MacEachen, E., Bartel, E. (2020). ‘Don’t take a poo!’: Worker Misbehaviour in On-Demand Ride-Hail Carpooling. New Technology, Work and Employment, 35(2), 145-161. doi:10.1111/ntwe.12159
-
Sutherland et al. (2020)Sutherland, W., Jarrahi, M. H., Dunn, M., Nelson, S. B. (2020). Work Precarity and Gig Literacies in Online Freelancing. Work, Employment and Society, 34(3), 457-475. doi:10.1177/0950017019886511
-
Yao (2020)Yao, Y. (2020). Uberizing the Legal Profession? Lawyer Autonomy and Status in the Digital Legal Market. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 58(3), 483-506. 10.1111/bjir.12485
|
Job insecurity: Comprises both unhealthy working conditions with a high level of occupational risks and accidents and workers’ exposure to uncertainty (about the people they will interact with, their financial health, etc.). |
-
Bajwa et al. (2018)Bajwa, U., Gastaldo, D., Di Ruggiero, E., & Knorr, L. (2018). The Health of Workers in the Global Gig Economy. Globalization and Health, 14(124), 1-4. doi:10.1186/s12992-018-0444-8
-
Barros & Raymundo (2021)Barros, L. de, & Raymundo, T. M. (2021). Envelhecimento, trabalho e tecnologia: motorista de aplicativos como possibilidade laboral para a população 50+. Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional, 29, 1-20. doi:10.1590/2526-8910.ctoao2039
-
Brawley (2017)Brawley, A. M. (2017). The Big, Gig Picture: We Can’t Assume the Same Constructs Matter. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 10(4), 687-696. 10.1017/iop.2017.77
-
Cockayne (2016)Cockayne, D. G. (2016). Sharing and Neoliberal Discourse: The Economic Function of Sharing in the Digital On-Demand Economy. Geoforum, 77, 73-82. 10.1016/j.geoforum.2016.10.005
-
Chinguno (2019)Chinguno, C. (2019). Power Dynamics in the Gig/Share Economy: Uber and Bolt Taxi Platforms in Johannesburg, South Africa. LABOUR, Capital and Society, 49(2).
-
Dablanc et al. (2017)Dablanc, L., Morganti, E., Arvidsson, N., Woxenius, J., Browne, M., Saidi, N. (2017). The rise of on-demand ‘Instant Deliveries’ in European cities. Supply Chain Forum, 18(4), 203-217. doi:10.1080/16258312.2017.1375375
|
-
Del Bono (2019)Del Bono, A. (2019). Trabajadores de plataformas digitales: Condiciones laborales en plataformas de reparto a domicilio en Argentina. Cuestiones de Sociología, 21, e083. 10.24215/23468904e083
-
Fabrellas (2019)Fabrellas, A. G. (2019). The Zero-Hour Contract in Platform Work Should We Ban It or Embrace It? Revista de Internet, Derecho y Politica, 28(28), 29-43. 10.7238/idp.v0i28.3176
-
Fielbaum & Tirachini (2021)Fielbaum, A., Tirachini, A. (2021). The Sharing Economy and the Job Market: The Case of Ride-Hailing Drivers in Chile. Transportation, 48(5), 2235-2261. doi:10.1007/s11116-020-10127-7
-
Gregory (2021)Gregory, K. (2021). ‘My Life Is More Valuable Than This’: Understanding Risk among On-Demand Food Couriers in Edinburgh. Work, Employment and Society, 35(2), 316-331. 10.1177/0950017020969593
-
Jan (2018)Jan, A. (2018). Livrer à vélo… en attendant mieux. La Nouvelle Revue Du Travail, 13. 10.4000/nrt.3803
|
-
Kaine & Josserand (2019)Kaine, S., Josserand, E. (2019). The Organisation and Experience of Work in the Gig Economy. Journal of Industrial Relations, 61(4), 479-501. doi:10.1177/0022185619865480
-
Malin & Chandler (2017)Malin, B. J., Chandler, C. (2017). Free to Work Anxiously: Splintering Precarity Among Drivers for Uber and Lyft. Communication, Culture and Critique, 10(2), 382-400. doi:10.1111/cccr.12157
-
Newlands (2021)Newlands, G. (2021). Algorithmic Surveillance in the Gig Economy: The Organization of Work through Lefebvrian Conceived Space. Organization Studies, 42(5), 719-737. 10.1177/0170840620937900
-
Ravenelle (2017)Ravenelle, A. J. (2017). Sharing Economy Workers: Selling, Not Sharing. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 10(2), 281-295. 10.1093/cjres/rsw043
-
Reid-Musson et al. (2020)Reid-Musson, E., MacEachen, E., Bartel, E. (2020). ‘Don’t take a poo!’: Worker Misbehaviour in On-Demand Ride-Hail Carpooling. New Technology, Work and Employment, 35(2), 145-161. doi:10.1111/ntwe.12159
|
Idle / unstable work hours: Encompasses the requirement of dealing with the instability of service hours (days with many hours of work, days with few hours of work, and also the interval between one work demand and another). |
-
Altenried (2020)Altenried, M. (2020). The Platform as Factory: Crowdwork and the Hidden Labour behind Artificial Intelligence. Capital and Class, 44(2), 145-158. doi:10.1177/0309816819899410 https://doi.org/10.1177/0309816819899410...
-
Bulian (2021)Bulian, L. (2021). The Gig Is Up: Who Does Gig Economy Actually Benefit? Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 19(1), 106–119. 10.7906/indecs.19.1.9
-
Crain et al. (2020)Crain, T. L., Brossoit, R. M., Robles-Saenz, F., Tran, M. (2020). Fighting Fatigue: A Conceptual odel of Driver Sleep in the Gig Economy. Sleep Health, 6(3), 358-365. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2020.02.004
-
Fabrellas (2019)Fabrellas, A. G. (2019). The Zero-Hour Contract in Platform Work Should We Ban It or Embrace It? Revista de Internet, Derecho y Politica, 28(28), 29-43. 10.7238/idp.v0i28.3176
|
-
Gregory (2021)Gregory, K. (2021). ‘My Life Is More Valuable Than This’: Understanding Risk among On-Demand Food Couriers in Edinburgh. Work, Employment and Society, 35(2), 316-331. 10.1177/0950017020969593
-
Hunt & Samman (2020)Hunt, A., Samman, E. (2020). Domestic Work and the GIG Economy in South Africa: Old Wine in New Bottles? Anti-Trafficking Review, 15, 102-121. doi:10.14197/atr.201220156
-
Jan (2018)Jan, A. (2018). Livrer à vélo… en attendant mieux. La Nouvelle Revue Du Travail, 13. 10.4000/nrt.3803
-
Kahancová et al. (2020)Kahancová, M., Meszmann, T. T., Sedláková, M. (2020). Precarization via Digitalization? Work Arrangements in the On-Demand Platform Economy in Hungary and Slovakia. Frontiers in Sociology, 5(3). doi:10.3389/fsoc.2020.00003
|
-
Kaine & Josserand (2019)Kaine, S., Josserand, E. (2019). The Organisation and Experience of Work in the Gig Economy. Journal of Industrial Relations, 61(4), 479-501. doi:10.1177/0022185619865480
-
Poon (2019)Poon, T. S.-C. (2019). Independent Workers: Growth Trends, Categories, and Employee Relations Implications in the Emerging Gig Economy. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 31(1), 61-62. 10.1007/s10672-018-9328-6
-
Reid-Musson et al. (2020)Reid-Musson, E., MacEachen, E., Bartel, E. (2020). ‘Don’t take a poo!’: Worker Misbehaviour in On-Demand Ride-Hail Carpooling. New Technology, Work and Employment, 35(2), 145-161. doi:10.1111/ntwe.12159
|
Time pressure: Indicates the requirement to perform services in a short period of time that often disregards the conditions necessary to meet the deadline defined, increasing the possibility of risky behaviors. |
-
Gregory (2021)Gregory, K. (2021). ‘My Life Is More Valuable Than This’: Understanding Risk among On-Demand Food Couriers in Edinburgh. Work, Employment and Society, 35(2), 316-331. 10.1177/0950017020969593
-
Hunt & Samman (2020)Hunt, A., Samman, E. (2020). Domestic Work and the GIG Economy in South Africa: Old Wine in New Bottles? Anti-Trafficking Review, 15, 102-121. doi:10.14197/atr.201220156
|
-
Kahancová et al. (2020)Kahancová, M., Meszmann, T. T., Sedláková, M. (2020). Precarization via Digitalization? Work Arrangements in the On-Demand Platform Economy in Hungary and Slovakia. Frontiers in Sociology, 5(3). doi:10.3389/fsoc.2020.00003
Köbis et al. (2021)Köbis, N. C., Soraperra, I., Shalvi, S. (2021). The Consequences of Participating in the Sharing Economy: A Transparency-Based Sharing Framework. Journal of Management, 47(1), 317-343. doi:10.1177/0149206320967740
|
|
Work overload / Long working days: Refers to the need to work long hours to achieve the economic performance needed for subsistence and/or required by the platform, leading to overload. |
-
Barros & Raymundo (2021)Barros, L. de, & Raymundo, T. M. (2021). Envelhecimento, trabalho e tecnologia: motorista de aplicativos como possibilidade laboral para a população 50+. Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional, 29, 1-20. doi:10.1590/2526-8910.ctoao2039
-
Chen & Sun (2020)Chen, J. Y., Sun, P. (2020). Temporal Arbitrage, Fragmented Rush, and Opportunistic Behaviors: The Labor Politics of Time in the Platform Economy. New Media and Society, 22(9), 1561-1579. doi:10.1177/1461444820913567
-
Crain et al. (2020)Crain, T. L., Brossoit, R. M., Robles-Saenz, F., Tran, M. (2020). Fighting Fatigue: A Conceptual odel of Driver Sleep in the Gig Economy. Sleep Health, 6(3), 358-365. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2020.02.004
|
-
Del Bono (2019)Del Bono, A. (2019). Trabajadores de plataformas digitales: Condiciones laborales en plataformas de reparto a domicilio en Argentina. Cuestiones de Sociología, 21, e083. 10.24215/23468904e083
-
Gregory (2021)Gregory, K. (2021). ‘My Life Is More Valuable Than This’: Understanding Risk among On-Demand Food Couriers in Edinburgh. Work, Employment and Society, 35(2), 316-331. 10.1177/0950017020969593
-
Jan (2018)Jan, A. (2018). Livrer à vélo… en attendant mieux. La Nouvelle Revue Du Travail, 13. 10.4000/nrt.3803
|
-
Kahancová et al. (2020)Kahancová, M., Meszmann, T. T., Sedláková, M. (2020). Precarization via Digitalization? Work Arrangements in the On-Demand Platform Economy in Hungary and Slovakia. Frontiers in Sociology, 5(3). doi:10.3389/fsoc.2020.00003
-
Köbis et al. (2021)Köbis, N. C., Soraperra, I., Shalvi, S. (2021). The Consequences of Participating in the Sharing Economy: A Transparency-Based Sharing Framework. Journal of Management, 47(1), 317-343. doi:10.1177/0149206320967740
-
Poon (2019)Poon, T. S.-C. (2019). Independent Workers: Growth Trends, Categories, and Employee Relations Implications in the Emerging Gig Economy. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 31(1), 61-62. 10.1007/s10672-018-9328-6
|
Use of technology: Refers to the need to learn how to use technology to perform the work (especially an older audience). |
-
Barros & Raymundo (2021)Barros, L. de, & Raymundo, T. M. (2021). Envelhecimento, trabalho e tecnologia: motorista de aplicativos como possibilidade laboral para a população 50+. Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional, 29, 1-20. doi:10.1590/2526-8910.ctoao2039
|
|
|
Ergonomics: Refers to the demands on the body, including repetitive movements and many hours working in the same position. |
-
Bajwa et al. (2018)Bajwa, U., Gastaldo, D., Di Ruggiero, E., & Knorr, L. (2018). The Health of Workers in the Global Gig Economy. Globalization and Health, 14(124), 1-4. doi:10.1186/s12992-018-0444-8
-
Barros & Raymundo (2021)Barros, L. de, & Raymundo, T. M. (2021). Envelhecimento, trabalho e tecnologia: motorista de aplicativos como possibilidade laboral para a população 50+. Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional, 29, 1-20. doi:10.1590/2526-8910.ctoao2039
|
|
|
Work-family conflict: Refers to the intrusion of work into domestic space and time (real and symbolic), interfering with family dynamics. |
-
Barros & Raymundo (2021)Barros, L. de, & Raymundo, T. M. (2021). Envelhecimento, trabalho e tecnologia: motorista de aplicativos como possibilidade laboral para a população 50+. Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional, 29, 1-20. doi:10.1590/2526-8910.ctoao2039
-
Chinguno (2019)Chinguno, C. (2019). Power Dynamics in the Gig/Share Economy: Uber and Bolt Taxi Platforms in Johannesburg, South Africa. LABOUR, Capital and Society, 49(2).
|
|
|
Present Resources
|
Source
|
Autonomy / Flexibility: Refers to the ability to work flexibly in terms of time, place, and ways of working. It includes the possibility of creating one’s own work routines, refusing tasks, working for different platforms, and not reporting to a direct boss. However, this characteristic is cited with reservations in many cases, with greater autonomy being attributed to those who develop more specialized work. |
-
Altenried (2020)Altenried, M. (2020). The Platform as Factory: Crowdwork and the Hidden Labour behind Artificial Intelligence. Capital and Class, 44(2), 145-158. doi:10.1177/0309816819899410 https://doi.org/10.1177/0309816819899410...
-
Arcidiacono et al. (2019)Arcidiacono, D., Borghi, P., Ciarini, A. (2019). Platform Work: From Digital Promises to Labour Challenges. Partecipazione e Conflitto, 12(3), 611-628. doi:10.1285/i20356609v12i3p611
-
Bajwa et al. (2018)Bajwa, U., Gastaldo, D., Di Ruggiero, E., & Knorr, L. (2018). The Health of Workers in the Global Gig Economy. Globalization and Health, 14(124), 1-4. doi:10.1186/s12992-018-0444-8
-
Barros & Raymundo (2021)Barros, L. de, & Raymundo, T. M. (2021). Envelhecimento, trabalho e tecnologia: motorista de aplicativos como possibilidade laboral para a população 50+. Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional, 29, 1-20. doi:10.1590/2526-8910.ctoao2039
-
Brawley (2017)Brawley, A. M. (2017). The Big, Gig Picture: We Can’t Assume the Same Constructs Matter. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 10(4), 687-696. 10.1017/iop.2017.77
-
Bulian (2021)Bulian, L. (2021). The Gig Is Up: Who Does Gig Economy Actually Benefit? Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 19(1), 106–119. 10.7906/indecs.19.1.9
-
Chen & Sun (2020)Chen, J. Y., Sun, P. (2020). Temporal Arbitrage, Fragmented Rush, and Opportunistic Behaviors: The Labor Politics of Time in the Platform Economy. New Media and Society, 22(9), 1561-1579. doi:10.1177/1461444820913567
-
● Chinguno (2019)Chinguno, C. (2019). Power Dynamics in the Gig/Share Economy: Uber and Bolt Taxi Platforms in Johannesburg, South Africa. LABOUR, Capital and Society, 49(2).
-
Corujo (2017)Corujo, B. S. (2017). The ‘Gig’ Economy and its Impact on Social Security: The Spanish Example. European Journal of Social Security, 19(4), 293-312. 10.1177/1388262717745751
-
Crain et al. (2020)Crain, T. L., Brossoit, R. M., Robles-Saenz, F., Tran, M. (2020). Fighting Fatigue: A Conceptual odel of Driver Sleep in the Gig Economy. Sleep Health, 6(3), 358-365. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2020.02.004
|
-
Del Bono (2019)Del Bono, A. (2019). Trabajadores de plataformas digitales: Condiciones laborales en plataformas de reparto a domicilio en Argentina. Cuestiones de Sociología, 21, e083. 10.24215/23468904e083
-
Fabrellas (2019)Fabrellas, A. G. (2019). The Zero-Hour Contract in Platform Work Should We Ban It or Embrace It? Revista de Internet, Derecho y Politica, 28(28), 29-43. 10.7238/idp.v0i28.3176
-
Fielbaum & Tirachini (2021)Fielbaum, A., Tirachini, A. (2021). The Sharing Economy and the Job Market: The Case of Ride-Hailing Drivers in Chile. Transportation, 48(5), 2235-2261. doi:10.1007/s11116-020-10127-7
-
Fieseler et al. (2019)Fieseler, C., Bucher, E., Hoffmann, C. P. (2019). Unfairness by Design? The Perceived Fairness of Digital Labor on Crowdworking Platforms. Journal of Business Ethics, 156(4), 987-1005. doi:10.1007/s10551-017-3607-2
-
Gregory (2021)Gregory, K. (2021). ‘My Life Is More Valuable Than This’: Understanding Risk among On-Demand Food Couriers in Edinburgh. Work, Employment and Society, 35(2), 316-331. 10.1177/0950017020969593
-
Harpur & Blanck (2020)Harpur, P., Blanck, P. (2020). Gig Workers with Disabilities: Opportunities, Challenges, and Regulatory Response. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 30(4), 511-520. doi:10.1007/s10926-020-09937-4
-
Healy et al. (2020)Healy, J., Pekarek, A., Vromen, A. (2020). Sceptics or Supporters? Consumers’ Views of Work in the Gig Economy. New Technology, Work and Employment, 35(1), 1-19. doi:10.1111/ntwe.12157
-
Hunt & Samman (2020)Hunt, A., Samman, E. (2020). Domestic Work and the GIG Economy in South Africa: Old Wine in New Bottles? Anti-Trafficking Review, 15, 102-121. doi:10.14197/atr.201220156
-
Idowu & Elbanna (2020)Idowu, A., Elbanna, A. (2020). Digital Platforms of Work and the Crafting of Career Path: The Crowdworkers’ Perspective. Information Systems Frontiers, 24, 441-457. doi:10.1007/s10796-020-10036-1
-
Jan (2018)Jan, A. (2018). Livrer à vélo… en attendant mieux. La Nouvelle Revue Du Travail, 13. 10.4000/nrt.3803
|
-
Jarrahi et al. (2020)Jarrahi, M. H., Sutherland, W., Nelson, S. B., Sawyer, S. (2020). Platformic Management, Boundary Resources for Gig Work, and Worker Autonomy. Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 29(1-2), 153-189. doi:10.1007/s10606-019-09368-7
-
Kaine & Josserand (2019)Kaine, S., Josserand, E. (2019). The Organisation and Experience of Work in the Gig Economy. Journal of Industrial Relations, 61(4), 479-501. doi:10.1177/0022185619865480
-
Köbis et al. (2021)Köbis, N. C., Soraperra, I., Shalvi, S. (2021). The Consequences of Participating in the Sharing Economy: A Transparency-Based Sharing Framework. Journal of Management, 47(1), 317-343. doi:10.1177/0149206320967740
-
Malin & Chandler (2017)Malin, B. J., Chandler, C. (2017). Free to Work Anxiously: Splintering Precarity Among Drivers for Uber and Lyft. Communication, Culture and Critique, 10(2), 382-400. doi:10.1111/cccr.12157
-
Poon (2019)Poon, T. S.-C. (2019). Independent Workers: Growth Trends, Categories, and Employee Relations Implications in the Emerging Gig Economy. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 31(1), 61-62. 10.1007/s10672-018-9328-6
-
Ravenelle (2017)Ravenelle, A. J. (2017). Sharing Economy Workers: Selling, Not Sharing. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 10(2), 281-295. 10.1093/cjres/rsw043
-
Rosenblat & Stark (2016)Rosenblat, A., Stark, L. (2016). Algorithmic Labor and Information Asymmetries: A Case Study of Uber’s Drivers. International Journal of Communication, 10, 3758-3784. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2686227
-
Reid-Musson et al. (2020)Reid-Musson, E., MacEachen, E., Bartel, E. (2020). ‘Don’t take a poo!’: Worker Misbehaviour in On-Demand Ride-Hail Carpooling. New Technology, Work and Employment, 35(2), 145-161. doi:10.1111/ntwe.12159
-
Sutherland et al. (2020)Sutherland, W., Jarrahi, M. H., Dunn, M., Nelson, S. B. (2020). Work Precarity and Gig Literacies in Online Freelancing. Work, Employment and Society, 34(3), 457-475. doi:10.1177/0950017019886511
-
Yao (2020)Yao, Y. (2020). Uberizing the Legal Profession? Lawyer Autonomy and Status in the Digital Legal Market. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 58(3), 483-506. 10.1111/bjir.12485
|
Informational support / Security: The monitoring by platforms allows for a greater sense of security, both in the case of financial transactions and in the performance of work (e.g. a standardized service protocol, including routes to be followed, helps to avoid arguments with customers, and protects against urban violence; the exact location of the customer offered by the app favors good performance). |
-
Jarrahi et al. (2020)Jarrahi, M. H., Sutherland, W., Nelson, S. B., Sawyer, S. (2020). Platformic Management, Boundary Resources for Gig Work, and Worker Autonomy. Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 29(1-2), 153-189. doi:10.1007/s10606-019-09368-7
-
Köbis et al. (2021)Köbis, N. C., Soraperra, I., Shalvi, S. (2021). The Consequences of Participating in the Sharing Economy: A Transparency-Based Sharing Framework. Journal of Management, 47(1), 317-343. doi:10.1177/0149206320967740
-
Newlands (2021)Newlands, G. (2021). Algorithmic Surveillance in the Gig Economy: The Organization of Work through Lefebvrian Conceived Space. Organization Studies, 42(5), 719-737. 10.1177/0170840620937900
-
Rosenblat & Stark (2016)Rosenblat, A., Stark, L. (2016). Algorithmic Labor and Information Asymmetries: A Case Study of Uber’s Drivers. International Journal of Communication, 10, 3758-3784. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2686227
-
Newlands (2021)Newlands, G. (2021). Algorithmic Surveillance in the Gig Economy: The Organization of Work through Lefebvrian Conceived Space. Organization Studies, 42(5), 719-737. 10.1177/0170840620937900
|
|
|
Intermediation of communication with customers: The communication infrastructure provided by the platform allows for easier and more precise interaction between customers and workers, and helps in conflict resolution. |
-
Fielbaum & Tirachini (2021)Fielbaum, A., Tirachini, A. (2021). The Sharing Economy and the Job Market: The Case of Ride-Hailing Drivers in Chile. Transportation, 48(5), 2235-2261. doi:10.1007/s11116-020-10127-7
-
Jarrahi et al. (2020)Jarrahi, M. H., Sutherland, W., Nelson, S. B., Sawyer, S. (2020). Platformic Management, Boundary Resources for Gig Work, and Worker Autonomy. Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 29(1-2), 153-189. doi:10.1007/s10606-019-09368-7
-
Köbis et al. (2021)Köbis, N. C., Soraperra, I., Shalvi, S. (2021). The Consequences of Participating in the Sharing Economy: A Transparency-Based Sharing Framework. Journal of Management, 47(1), 317-343. doi:10.1177/0149206320967740
|
|
|
Customer appraisal system: The customer appraisal system (provided by the organization or organized in parallel by the workers) allows for more confidence in the workers’ choice about who they will interact with in the service. |
-
Altenried (2020)Altenried, M. (2020). The Platform as Factory: Crowdwork and the Hidden Labour behind Artificial Intelligence. Capital and Class, 44(2), 145-158. doi:10.1177/0309816819899410 https://doi.org/10.1177/0309816819899410...
-
Cockayne (2016)Cockayne, D. G. (2016). Sharing and Neoliberal Discourse: The Economic Function of Sharing in the Digital On-Demand Economy. Geoforum, 77, 73-82. 10.1016/j.geoforum.2016.10.005
-
Köbis et al. (2021)Köbis, N. C., Soraperra, I., Shalvi, S. (2021). The Consequences of Participating in the Sharing Economy: A Transparency-Based Sharing Framework. Journal of Management, 47(1), 317-343. doi:10.1177/0149206320967740
|
|
|
Informal social support: Workers have informal access to social support via forums, social networks, and collective movements , either to exchange experiences or to collectively build forms of resistance. |
-
Altenried (2020)Altenried, M. (2020). The Platform as Factory: Crowdwork and the Hidden Labour behind Artificial Intelligence. Capital and Class, 44(2), 145-158. doi:10.1177/0309816819899410 https://doi.org/10.1177/0309816819899410...
-
Brawley (2017)Brawley, A. M. (2017). The Big, Gig Picture: We Can’t Assume the Same Constructs Matter. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 10(4), 687-696. 10.1017/iop.2017.77
-
Bulian (2021)Bulian, L. (2021). The Gig Is Up: Who Does Gig Economy Actually Benefit? Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 19(1), 106–119. 10.7906/indecs.19.1.9
-
Chesta et al. (2019)Chesta, R. E., Zamponi, L., Caciagli, C. (2019). Labour Activism and Social Movement Unionism in the Gig Economy. Food Delivery Workers’ Struggles in Italy. Partecipazione e Conflitto, 12(3), 819-844. doi:10.1285/i20356609v12i3p819
|
-
Chinguno (2019)Chinguno, C. (2019). Power Dynamics in the Gig/Share Economy: Uber and Bolt Taxi Platforms in Johannesburg, South Africa. LABOUR, Capital and Society, 49(2).
-
Gregory (2021)Gregory, K. (2021). ‘My Life Is More Valuable Than This’: Understanding Risk among On-Demand Food Couriers in Edinburgh. Work, Employment and Society, 35(2), 316-331. 10.1177/0950017020969593
-
Idowu & Elbanna (2020)Idowu, A., Elbanna, A. (2020). Digital Platforms of Work and the Crafting of Career Path: The Crowdworkers’ Perspective. Information Systems Frontiers, 24, 441-457. doi:10.1007/s10796-020-10036-1
|
-
Jan (2018)Jan, A. (2018). Livrer à vélo… en attendant mieux. La Nouvelle Revue Du Travail, 13. 10.4000/nrt.3803
-
Kaine & Josserand (2019)Kaine, S., Josserand, E. (2019). The Organisation and Experience of Work in the Gig Economy. Journal of Industrial Relations, 61(4), 479-501. doi:10.1177/0022185619865480
-
Reid-Musson et al. (2020)Reid-Musson, E., MacEachen, E., Bartel, E. (2020). ‘Don’t take a poo!’: Worker Misbehaviour in On-Demand Ride-Hail Carpooling. New Technology, Work and Employment, 35(2), 145-161. doi:10.1111/ntwe.12159
|
Social interaction: For the audience of older workers, social interaction was highlighted as a facilitator provided by digiwork. |
-
Barros & Raymundo (2021)Barros, L. de, & Raymundo, T. M. (2021). Envelhecimento, trabalho e tecnologia: motorista de aplicativos como possibilidade laboral para a população 50+. Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional, 29, 1-20. doi:10.1590/2526-8910.ctoao2039
|
|
|
Sense of belonging and identity building: Digiwork allows opportunities for personal expression and the building of a social identity by cultivating relationships with people in the same professional community. |
-
● Arcidiacono et al. (2019)Arcidiacono, D., Borghi, P., Ciarini, A. (2019). Platform Work: From Digital Promises to Labour Challenges. Partecipazione e Conflitto, 12(3), 611-628. doi:10.1285/i20356609v12i3p611 ● Harpur & Blanck (2020)Harpur, P., Blanck, P. (2020). Gig Workers with Disabilities: Opportunities, Challenges, and Regulatory Response. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 30(4), 511-520. doi:10.1007/s10926-020-09937-4 ● Jan (2018)Jan, A. (2018). Livrer à vélo… en attendant mieux. La Nouvelle Revue Du Travail, 13. 10.4000/nrt.3803
|
|
|
Learning: Some platforms offer on-the-job training, enabling the learning of social-emotional skills and development of on-the-job experience. |
-
Harpur & Blanck (2020)Harpur, P., Blanck, P. (2020). Gig Workers with Disabilities: Opportunities, Challenges, and Regulatory Response. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 30(4), 511-520. doi:10.1007/s10926-020-09937-4
-
Hunt & Samman (2020)Hunt, A., Samman, E. (2020). Domestic Work and the GIG Economy in South Africa: Old Wine in New Bottles? Anti-Trafficking Review, 15, 102-121. doi:10.14197/atr.201220156
-
Yao (2020)Yao, Y. (2020). Uberizing the Legal Profession? Lawyer Autonomy and Status in the Digital Legal Market. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 58(3), 483-506. 10.1111/bjir.12485
|
|
|
Less discrimination / Low barriers to entry: Platforms offer anonymous entries to work, with a low need for detailed information about workers, especially for the disabled audience. |
-
Arcidiacono et al. (2019)Arcidiacono, D., Borghi, P., Ciarini, A. (2019). Platform Work: From Digital Promises to Labour Challenges. Partecipazione e Conflitto, 12(3), 611-628. doi:10.1285/i20356609v12i3p611
-
Fieseler et al. (2019)Fieseler, C., Bucher, E., Hoffmann, C. P. (2019). Unfairness by Design? The Perceived Fairness of Digital Labor on Crowdworking Platforms. Journal of Business Ethics, 156(4), 987-1005. doi:10.1007/s10551-017-3607-2
-
Harpur & Blanck (2020)Harpur, P., Blanck, P. (2020). Gig Workers with Disabilities: Opportunities, Challenges, and Regulatory Response. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 30(4), 511-520. doi:10.1007/s10926-020-09937-4
|
-
Healy et al. (2020)Healy, J., Pekarek, A., Vromen, A. (2020). Sceptics or Supporters? Consumers’ Views of Work in the Gig Economy. New Technology, Work and Employment, 35(1), 1-19. doi:10.1111/ntwe.12157
-
Köbis et al. (2021)Köbis, N. C., Soraperra, I., Shalvi, S. (2021). The Consequences of Participating in the Sharing Economy: A Transparency-Based Sharing Framework. Journal of Management, 47(1), 317-343. doi:10.1177/0149206320967740
van Doorn (2017)van Doorn, N. (2017). Platform Labor: On the Gendered and Racialized Exploitation of Low-Income Service Work in the ‘On-Demand’ Economy. Information Communication and Society, 20(6), 898-914. 10.1080/1369118X.2017.1294194
|
|
Compensation and benefits: Among the most vulnerable working population (e.g. domestic workers and people with disabilities - PWDs), digiwork appears to offer better compensation and benefits packages than other work alternatives. |
-
Harpur & Blanck (2020)Harpur, P., Blanck, P. (2020). Gig Workers with Disabilities: Opportunities, Challenges, and Regulatory Response. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 30(4), 511-520. doi:10.1007/s10926-020-09937-4
-
Hunt & Samman (2020)Hunt, A., Samman, E. (2020). Domestic Work and the GIG Economy in South Africa: Old Wine in New Bottles? Anti-Trafficking Review, 15, 102-121. doi:10.14197/atr.201220156
|
|
|
Remote work / Expanded geographical barriers: The remote model allows workers to expand their employment possibilities beyond geographical boundaries; it is attractive for residents of disadvantaged locations or who have difficulty with mobility. |
-
Chinguno (2019)Chinguno, C. (2019). Power Dynamics in the Gig/Share Economy: Uber and Bolt Taxi Platforms in Johannesburg, South Africa. LABOUR, Capital and Society, 49(2).
-
Fieseler et al. (2019)Fieseler, C., Bucher, E., Hoffmann, C. P. (2019). Unfairness by Design? The Perceived Fairness of Digital Labor on Crowdworking Platforms. Journal of Business Ethics, 156(4), 987-1005. doi:10.1007/s10551-017-3607-2
|
-
Harpur & Blanck (2020)Harpur, P., Blanck, P. (2020). Gig Workers with Disabilities: Opportunities, Challenges, and Regulatory Response. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 30(4), 511-520. doi:10.1007/s10926-020-09937-4 Jarrahi et al (2020)
|
|
Technology knowledge: Technology knowledge is a personal resource for those already working in the industry. |
-
Barros & Raymundo (2021)Barros, L. de, & Raymundo, T. M. (2021). Envelhecimento, trabalho e tecnologia: motorista de aplicativos como possibilidade laboral para a população 50+. Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional, 29, 1-20. doi:10.1590/2526-8910.ctoao2039
-
Idowu & Elbanna (2020)Idowu, A., Elbanna, A. (2020). Digital Platforms of Work and the Crafting of Career Path: The Crowdworkers’ Perspective. Information Systems Frontiers, 24, 441-457. doi:10.1007/s10796-020-10036-1
|
|
|
Nature of the activity: Some digiwork modalities may be intrinsically motivating, being defined as fun; a light “game”; allowing the development of a “sporting spirit.” |
-
Jan (2018)Jan, A. (2018). Livrer à vélo… en attendant mieux. La Nouvelle Revue Du Travail, 13. 10.4000/nrt.3803
-
Malin & Chandler (2017)Malin, B. J., Chandler, C. (2017). Free to Work Anxiously: Splintering Precarity Among Drivers for Uber and Lyft. Communication, Culture and Critique, 10(2), 382-400. doi:10.1111/cccr.12157
|
|
|
Task variability: The opportunity to develop different tasks allows for the learning of new routines and skills, especially in the case of crowdworkers acting as online freelancers. |
-
Kaine & Josserand (2019)Kaine, S., Josserand, E. (2019). The Organisation and Experience of Work in the Gig Economy. Journal of Industrial Relations, 61(4), 479-501. doi:10.1177/0022185619865480
-
Sutherland et al. (2020)Sutherland, W., Jarrahi, M. H., Dunn, M., Nelson, S. B. (2020). Work Precarity and Gig Literacies in Online Freelancing. Work, Employment and Society, 34(3), 457-475. doi:10.1177/0950017019886511
|
|
|
Identification with the task: In the case of more specialized jobs, the worker identifies with what they do, producing sense. |
-
Ravenelle (2017)Ravenelle, A. J. (2017). Sharing Economy Workers: Selling, Not Sharing. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 10(2), 281-295. 10.1093/cjres/rsw043
|
|
|
Work-family balance: Digiwork allows for a better balance between family and work demands compared to traditional arrangements. |
-
Bulian (2021)Bulian, L. (2021). The Gig Is Up: Who Does Gig Economy Actually Benefit? Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 19(1), 106–119. 10.7906/indecs.19.1.9
|
|
|
Missing Resources
|
Source
|
Transparency: Lack of transparency regarding decisions and the operation of the platform, preventing workers from understanding the rules and being able to resort to potential penalties. There are few options for appeal in the case of unfair treatment - few opportunities for workers to have a voice . Deactivation of workers’ accounts may be done unilaterally, without any kind of explanation. In some cases, information regarding the client and their history is missing. |
-
Crain et al. (2020)Crain, T. L., Brossoit, R. M., Robles-Saenz, F., Tran, M. (2020). Fighting Fatigue: A Conceptual odel of Driver Sleep in the Gig Economy. Sleep Health, 6(3), 358-365. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2020.02.004
-
Del Bono (2019)Del Bono, A. (2019). Trabajadores de plataformas digitales: Condiciones laborales en plataformas de reparto a domicilio en Argentina. Cuestiones de Sociología, 21, e083. 10.24215/23468904e083
-
Fielbaum & Tirachini (2021)Fielbaum, A., Tirachini, A. (2021). The Sharing Economy and the Job Market: The Case of Ride-Hailing Drivers in Chile. Transportation, 48(5), 2235-2261. doi:10.1007/s11116-020-10127-7
-
Fieseler et al. (2019)Fieseler, C., Bucher, E., Hoffmann, C. P. (2019). Unfairness by Design? The Perceived Fairness of Digital Labor on Crowdworking Platforms. Journal of Business Ethics, 156(4), 987-1005. doi:10.1007/s10551-017-3607-2
-
Gregory (2021)Gregory, K. (2021). ‘My Life Is More Valuable Than This’: Understanding Risk among On-Demand Food Couriers in Edinburgh. Work, Employment and Society, 35(2), 316-331. 10.1177/0950017020969593
|
-
Jarrahi et al. (2020)Jarrahi, M. H., Sutherland, W., Nelson, S. B., Sawyer, S. (2020). Platformic Management, Boundary Resources for Gig Work, and Worker Autonomy. Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 29(1-2), 153-189. doi:10.1007/s10606-019-09368-7
-
Kaine & Josserand (2019)Kaine, S., Josserand, E. (2019). The Organisation and Experience of Work in the Gig Economy. Journal of Industrial Relations, 61(4), 479-501. doi:10.1177/0022185619865480
-
Ravenelle (2017)Ravenelle, A. J. (2017). Sharing Economy Workers: Selling, Not Sharing. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 10(2), 281-295. 10.1093/cjres/rsw043
-
Reid-Musson, MacEachen, & Bartel (2020)
-
Rosenblat & Stark (2016)Rosenblat, A., Stark, L. (2016). Algorithmic Labor and Information Asymmetries: A Case Study of Uber’s Drivers. International Journal of Communication, 10, 3758-3784. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2686227
-
Sutherland et al. (2020)Sutherland, W., Jarrahi, M. H., Dunn, M., Nelson, S. B. (2020). Work Precarity and Gig Literacies in Online Freelancing. Work, Employment and Society, 34(3), 457-475. doi:10.1177/0950017019886511
|
|
Communication with the platform: Digiworkers co-exist with the absence of proper communication with the platforms, from the moment of registration (they must automatically accept what is presented in the app, with no possibility of negotiation) to the execution of daily activities (they receive standardized answers to their questions). |
-
Crain et al. (2020)Crain, T. L., Brossoit, R. M., Robles-Saenz, F., Tran, M. (2020). Fighting Fatigue: A Conceptual odel of Driver Sleep in the Gig Economy. Sleep Health, 6(3), 358-365. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2020.02.004
-
Gregory (2021)Gregory, K. (2021). ‘My Life Is More Valuable Than This’: Understanding Risk among On-Demand Food Couriers in Edinburgh. Work, Employment and Society, 35(2), 316-331. 10.1177/0950017020969593
|
-
Jan (2018)Jan, A. (2018). Livrer à vélo… en attendant mieux. La Nouvelle Revue Du Travail, 13. 10.4000/nrt.3803
Rosenblat & Stark (2016)Rosenblat, A., Stark, L. (2016). Algorithmic Labor and Information Asymmetries: A Case Study of Uber’s Drivers. International Journal of Communication, 10, 3758-3784. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2686227
|
|
Autonomy: Lack of autonomy is highlighted with regard to control over critical aspects of the work, chances to decide which tasks to perform, and possibilities to negotiate values or other important aspects with consumers. |
-
Bajwa et al. (2018)Bajwa, U., Gastaldo, D., Di Ruggiero, E., & Knorr, L. (2018). The Health of Workers in the Global Gig Economy. Globalization and Health, 14(124), 1-4. doi:10.1186/s12992-018-0444-8
-
Fieseler et al. (2019)Fieseler, C., Bucher, E., Hoffmann, C. P. (2019). Unfairness by Design? The Perceived Fairness of Digital Labor on Crowdworking Platforms. Journal of Business Ethics, 156(4), 987-1005. doi:10.1007/s10551-017-3607-2
-
Del Bono (2019)Del Bono, A. (2019). Trabajadores de plataformas digitales: Condiciones laborales en plataformas de reparto a domicilio en Argentina. Cuestiones de Sociología, 21, e083. 10.24215/23468904e083
-
Ravenelle (2017)Ravenelle, A. J. (2017). Sharing Economy Workers: Selling, Not Sharing. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 10(2), 281-295. 10.1093/cjres/rsw043
|
-
Reid-Musson et al. (2020)Reid-Musson, E., MacEachen, E., Bartel, E. (2020). ‘Don’t take a poo!’: Worker Misbehaviour in On-Demand Ride-Hail Carpooling. New Technology, Work and Employment, 35(2), 145-161. doi:10.1111/ntwe.12159
-
Rosenblat & Stark (2016)Rosenblat, A., Stark, L. (2016). Algorithmic Labor and Information Asymmetries: A Case Study of Uber’s Drivers. International Journal of Communication, 10, 3758-3784. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2686227
-
Sutherland et al. (2020)Sutherland, W., Jarrahi, M. H., Dunn, M., Nelson, S. B. (2020). Work Precarity and Gig Literacies in Online Freelancing. Work, Employment and Society, 34(3), 457-475. doi:10.1177/0950017019886511
-
Yao (2020)Yao, Y. (2020). Uberizing the Legal Profession? Lawyer Autonomy and Status in the Digital Legal Market. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 58(3), 483-506. 10.1111/bjir.12485
|
|
Social protection / Social security rights: The absence of social protection backed up by legal regulations means that digiworkers have to deal with the absence of rights in a wide variety of areas, including, for example, health insurance, leave in the case of accidents, labor compensation, minimum wage, limits on working hours or payment for overtime worked. |
-
Altenried (2020)Altenried, M. (2020). The Platform as Factory: Crowdwork and the Hidden Labour behind Artificial Intelligence. Capital and Class, 44(2), 145-158. doi:10.1177/0309816819899410 https://doi.org/10.1177/0309816819899410...
-
Arcidiacono et al. (2019)Arcidiacono, D., Borghi, P., Ciarini, A. (2019). Platform Work: From Digital Promises to Labour Challenges. Partecipazione e Conflitto, 12(3), 611-628. doi:10.1285/i20356609v12i3p611
-
Bulian (2021)Bulian, L. (2021). The Gig Is Up: Who Does Gig Economy Actually Benefit? Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 19(1), 106–119. 10.7906/indecs.19.1.9
-
Cardoso & Oliveira (2020)Cardoso, A. C. M., Oliveira, M. C. B. (2020). A E-Economia e suas Empresas-Plataforma: modus operandi e precarização do mercado de trabalho no setor de turismo. Anais Brasileiros de Estudos Turísticos, 10(1-3), 1-17. doi:10.34019/2238-2925.2020.v10.30151
-
Chesta et al. (2019)Chesta, R. E., Zamponi, L., Caciagli, C. (2019). Labour Activism and Social Movement Unionism in the Gig Economy. Food Delivery Workers’ Struggles in Italy. Partecipazione e Conflitto, 12(3), 819-844. doi:10.1285/i20356609v12i3p819
-
Chinguno (2019)Chinguno, C. (2019). Power Dynamics in the Gig/Share Economy: Uber and Bolt Taxi Platforms in Johannesburg, South Africa. LABOUR, Capital and Society, 49(2).
-
Corujo (2017)Corujo, B. S. (2017). The ‘Gig’ Economy and its Impact on Social Security: The Spanish Example. European Journal of Social Security, 19(4), 293-312. 10.1177/1388262717745751
-
Crain et al. (2020)Crain, T. L., Brossoit, R. M., Robles-Saenz, F., Tran, M. (2020). Fighting Fatigue: A Conceptual odel of Driver Sleep in the Gig Economy. Sleep Health, 6(3), 358-365. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2020.02.004
|
-
Dablanc et al. (2017)Dablanc, L., Morganti, E., Arvidsson, N., Woxenius, J., Browne, M., Saidi, N. (2017). The rise of on-demand ‘Instant Deliveries’ in European cities. Supply Chain Forum, 18(4), 203-217. doi:10.1080/16258312.2017.1375375
-
Fabrellas (2019)Fabrellas, A. G. (2019). The Zero-Hour Contract in Platform Work Should We Ban It or Embrace It? Revista de Internet, Derecho y Politica, 28(28), 29-43. 10.7238/idp.v0i28.3176
-
Gregory (2021)Gregory, K. (2021). ‘My Life Is More Valuable Than This’: Understanding Risk among On-Demand Food Couriers in Edinburgh. Work, Employment and Society, 35(2), 316-331. 10.1177/0950017020969593
-
Harpur & Blanck (2020)Harpur, P., Blanck, P. (2020). Gig Workers with Disabilities: Opportunities, Challenges, and Regulatory Response. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 30(4), 511-520. doi:10.1007/s10926-020-09937-4
-
Healy et al. (2020)Healy, J., Pekarek, A., Vromen, A. (2020). Sceptics or Supporters? Consumers’ Views of Work in the Gig Economy. New Technology, Work and Employment, 35(1), 1-19. doi:10.1111/ntwe.12157
-
Hunt & Samman (2020)Hunt, A., Samman, E. (2020). Domestic Work and the GIG Economy in South Africa: Old Wine in New Bottles? Anti-Trafficking Review, 15, 102-121. doi:10.14197/atr.201220156
-
Jan (2018)Jan, A. (2018). Livrer à vélo… en attendant mieux. La Nouvelle Revue Du Travail, 13. 10.4000/nrt.3803
-
Kahancová et al. (2020)Kahancová, M., Meszmann, T. T., Sedláková, M. (2020). Precarization via Digitalization? Work Arrangements in the On-Demand Platform Economy in Hungary and Slovakia. Frontiers in Sociology, 5(3). doi:10.3389/fsoc.2020.00003
|
-
Köbis et al. (2021)Köbis, N. C., Soraperra, I., Shalvi, S. (2021). The Consequences of Participating in the Sharing Economy: A Transparency-Based Sharing Framework. Journal of Management, 47(1), 317-343. doi:10.1177/0149206320967740
-
Malin & Chandler (2017)Malin, B. J., Chandler, C. (2017). Free to Work Anxiously: Splintering Precarity Among Drivers for Uber and Lyft. Communication, Culture and Critique, 10(2), 382-400. doi:10.1111/cccr.12157
-
Ravenelle (2017)Ravenelle, A. J. (2017). Sharing Economy Workers: Selling, Not Sharing. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 10(2), 281-295. 10.1093/cjres/rsw043
-
Reid-Musson et al. (2020)Reid-Musson, E., MacEachen, E., Bartel, E. (2020). ‘Don’t take a poo!’: Worker Misbehaviour in On-Demand Ride-Hail Carpooling. New Technology, Work and Employment, 35(2), 145-161. doi:10.1111/ntwe.12159
-
Rosenblat & Stark (2016)Rosenblat, A., Stark, L. (2016). Algorithmic Labor and Information Asymmetries: A Case Study of Uber’s Drivers. International Journal of Communication, 10, 3758-3784. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2686227
-
Shapiro (2020)Shapiro, A. (2020). Dynamic Exploits: Calculative Asymmetries in the On-Demand Economy. New Technology, Work and Employment, 35(2), 162-177. 10.1111/ntwe.12160
-
Van Doorn (2017)van Doorn, N. (2017). Platform Labor: On the Gendered and Racialized Exploitation of Low-Income Service Work in the ‘On-Demand’ Economy. Information Communication and Society, 20(6), 898-914. 10.1080/1369118X.2017.1294194
-
Wuytens & De Groof (2019)Wuytens, C., & De Groof, S. (2019). Regulating Worker-Customer Relations to Improve Workers’ Wellbeing. European Labour Law Journal, 10(2), 154-162. doi:10.1177/2031952519846637
|
Recognition: Digiworkers receive no recognition for the work they do, which is often just like a side hustle. Thus, they suffer from devaluation and a low status. |
-
Barros & Raymundo (2021)Barros, L. de, & Raymundo, T. M. (2021). Envelhecimento, trabalho e tecnologia: motorista de aplicativos como possibilidade laboral para a população 50+. Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional, 29, 1-20. doi:10.1590/2526-8910.ctoao2039
-
Cockayne (2016)Cockayne, D. G. (2016). Sharing and Neoliberal Discourse: The Economic Function of Sharing in the Digital On-Demand Economy. Geoforum, 77, 73-82. 10.1016/j.geoforum.2016.10.005
|
-
Yao (2020)Yao, Y. (2020). Uberizing the Legal Profession? Lawyer Autonomy and Status in the Digital Legal Market. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 58(3), 483-506. 10.1111/bjir.12485
|
|
Career development: Digiwork offers few opportunities for career advancement or development. |
-
Idowu & Elbanna (2020)Idowu, A., Elbanna, A. (2020). Digital Platforms of Work and the Crafting of Career Path: The Crowdworkers’ Perspective. Information Systems Frontiers, 24, 441-457. doi:10.1007/s10796-020-10036-1
-
Jan (2018)Jan, A. (2018). Livrer à vélo… en attendant mieux. La Nouvelle Revue Du Travail, 13. 10.4000/nrt.3803
|
-
Yao (2020)Yao, Y. (2020). Uberizing the Legal Profession? Lawyer Autonomy and Status in the Digital Legal Market. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 58(3), 483-506. 10.1111/bjir.12485
|
|
Formal social support: They have low access to formal social support, lacking formal spaces of articulation and socialization with peers and/or groups of collective representation , such as unions. |
-
Arcidiacono et al. (2019)Arcidiacono, D., Borghi, P., Ciarini, A. (2019). Platform Work: From Digital Promises to Labour Challenges. Partecipazione e Conflitto, 12(3), 611-628. doi:10.1285/i20356609v12i3p611
-
Bajwa et al. (2018)Bajwa, U., Gastaldo, D., Di Ruggiero, E., & Knorr, L. (2018). The Health of Workers in the Global Gig Economy. Globalization and Health, 14(124), 1-4. doi:10.1186/s12992-018-0444-8
-
Bulian (2021)Bulian, L. (2021). The Gig Is Up: Who Does Gig Economy Actually Benefit? Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 19(1), 106–119. 10.7906/indecs.19.1.9
-
Cardoso & Oliveira (2020)Cardoso, A. C. M., Oliveira, M. C. B. (2020). A E-Economia e suas Empresas-Plataforma: modus operandi e precarização do mercado de trabalho no setor de turismo. Anais Brasileiros de Estudos Turísticos, 10(1-3), 1-17. doi:10.34019/2238-2925.2020.v10.30151
|
-
Chinguno (2019)Chinguno, C. (2019). Power Dynamics in the Gig/Share Economy: Uber and Bolt Taxi Platforms in Johannesburg, South Africa. LABOUR, Capital and Society, 49(2).
-
Dablanc et al. (2017)Dablanc, L., Morganti, E., Arvidsson, N., Woxenius, J., Browne, M., Saidi, N. (2017). The rise of on-demand ‘Instant Deliveries’ in European cities. Supply Chain Forum, 18(4), 203-217. doi:10.1080/16258312.2017.1375375
-
Fabrellas (2019)Fabrellas, A. G. (2019). The Zero-Hour Contract in Platform Work Should We Ban It or Embrace It? Revista de Internet, Derecho y Politica, 28(28), 29-43. 10.7238/idp.v0i28.3176
-
Fielbaum & Tirachini (2021)Fielbaum, A., Tirachini, A. (2021). The Sharing Economy and the Job Market: The Case of Ride-Hailing Drivers in Chile. Transportation, 48(5), 2235-2261. doi:10.1007/s11116-020-10127-7
Fieseler et al. (2019)Fieseler, C., Bucher, E., Hoffmann, C. P. (2019). Unfairness by Design? The Perceived Fairness of Digital Labor on Crowdworking Platforms. Journal of Business Ethics, 156(4), 987-1005. doi:10.1007/s10551-017-3607-2
|
-
Gandini (2019)Gandini, A. (2019). Labour Process Theory and the Gig Economy. Human Relations, 72(6), 1039-1056. 10.1177/0018726718790002
-
Hunt & Samman (2020)Hunt, A., Samman, E. (2020). Domestic Work and the GIG Economy in South Africa: Old Wine in New Bottles? Anti-Trafficking Review, 15, 102-121. doi:10.14197/atr.201220156
-
Kahancová et al. (2020)Kahancová, M., Meszmann, T. T., Sedláková, M. (2020). Precarization via Digitalization? Work Arrangements in the On-Demand Platform Economy in Hungary and Slovakia. Frontiers in Sociology, 5(3). doi:10.3389/fsoc.2020.00003
-
Köbis et al. (2021)Köbis, N. C., Soraperra, I., Shalvi, S. (2021). The Consequences of Participating in the Sharing Economy: A Transparency-Based Sharing Framework. Journal of Management, 47(1), 317-343. doi:10.1177/0149206320967740
|
Infrastructure: Digiworkers do not have a formal place where they can go during their breaks and/or to interact with customers or peers. |
-
Brawley (2017)Brawley, A. M. (2017). The Big, Gig Picture: We Can’t Assume the Same Constructs Matter. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 10(4), 687-696. 10.1017/iop.2017.77
-
Crain et al. (2020)Crain, T. L., Brossoit, R. M., Robles-Saenz, F., Tran, M. (2020). Fighting Fatigue: A Conceptual odel of Driver Sleep in the Gig Economy. Sleep Health, 6(3), 358-365. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2020.02.004
|
-
Dablanc et al. (2017)Dablanc, L., Morganti, E., Arvidsson, N., Woxenius, J., Browne, M., Saidi, N. (2017). The rise of on-demand ‘Instant Deliveries’ in European cities. Supply Chain Forum, 18(4), 203-217. doi:10.1080/16258312.2017.1375375
-
Fieseler et al. (2019)Fieseler, C., Bucher, E., Hoffmann, C. P. (2019). Unfairness by Design? The Perceived Fairness of Digital Labor on Crowdworking Platforms. Journal of Business Ethics, 156(4), 987-1005. doi:10.1007/s10551-017-3607-2
|
|