By wondering about the purpose of participatory democracy, a new political phenomenon that has emerging since the 90's in diverse local contexts from Europe to South America, this article proposes an analysis about the link between participation and inclusion from a political and social point of view. The aim of comparing different innovating participatory experiments in France (Bobigny) and in Brazil (Barreiro, Belo Horizonte) is to find out why those so different cities try at the same historical moment to lean on similar principles of local management, and also how the concrete actions may differ or get closer.
Participatory democracy; Local government; Social inclusion; Political inclusion; Participatory Budget; France; Brazil