Agronomic yield and starch properties of banana cultivars

Leonel, Magali; Leonel, Sarita; Santos, Thaís Paes Rodrigues dos; Souza, Jackson Mirellys Azevedo; Martins, Rafaelly Calsavara; Silva, Marcela Sant’Anna Cordeiro da

doi:10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2021.v56.02491

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Pomology, Original Article • Pesq. agropec. bras. 56 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2021.v56.02491 copy

Agronomic yield and starch properties of banana cultivars

Rendimento agronômico e propriedades de amido de cultivares de banana

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate the banana cultivars for their agronomic yield and starch characteristics. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, with a factorial arrangement of two cultivars ('BRS Conquista' and 'BRS Platina') and two crop cycles, with three plants per treatment, and five replicates. Fruit yield and starch quality were evaluated. 'BRS Conquista' showed smaller fruit; however, it had a greater marketable bunch weight and yield than 'BRS Platina'. Starches differed for the main physicochemical characteristics, except for X-ray diffraction pattern (B type) and phosphorus content (0.0058–0.0060%). 'BRS Platina' stood out for its higher content of resistant starch (74.55%) that differed from the starch isolated from 'BRS Conquista'. However, the starch of 'BRS Conquista' showed the following characteristics: larger granules (34.74 µm), with greater crystallinity (33.64%); less swelling power and solubility (26.77 g g^-1 and 19.21%, respectively); and greater breakdown, setback and final viscosity (67.06, 182.42, and 341.39 RVU, respectively). 'BRS Conquista' shows favorable production characteristics for processing to obtain starch. The higher resistant starch content of 'BRS Platina' may commercially justify its lower agronomic yield. Starches of the two cultivars show desirable characteristics for different industrial applications.

Index terms:
Musa ; BRS Conquista; BRS Platina; physicochemical characteristics

Variable	Crop year	Cultivar		Coefficient of variation (%)
Variable	Crop year	BRS Conquista	BRS Platina	Coefficient of variation (%)
Marketable bunches (kg)	2017	19.08Ab	13.35Ba	8.04
Marketable bunches (kg)	2018	24.46Aa	14.84Ba	8.04
Yield (Mg ha^-1)	2017	38.15Ab	26.69Ba	8.04
Yield (Mg ha^-1)	2018	48.92Aa	29.67Ba	8.04

Variable	Cultivar		Crop year		Coefficient of variation (%)
Variable	BRS Conquista	BRS Platina	2017	2018	Coefficient of variation (%)
Bunch weight (kg)	22.45^ Significant means are different by the variance analysis (F-test), at 1% probability.	15.24	17.52^ Significant means are different by the variance analysis (F-test), at 1% probability.	20.17	8.34
Number of fruit per bunch	266.13^ Significant means are different by the variance analysis (F-test), at 1% probability.	87.88	175.38^ns nsNonsignificant.	178.63	4.97
Number of hands per bunch	13.88^ Significant means are different by the variance analysis (F-test), at 1% probability.	7.06	10.31^ns nsNonsignificant.	10.63	6.18
Average weight of 2^nd hand (kg)	2.09^ns nsNonsignificant.	2.23	2.10^ns nsNonsignificant.	2.23	11.07
Fruit number of 2^nd hand	22.63^ Significant means are different by the variance analysis (F-test), at 1% probability.	13.88	17.50^ Significant means are different by the variance analysis (F-test), at 1% probability.	19.00	5.09
Average weight of fruit (g)	92.75^ Significant means are different by the variance analysis (F-test), at 1% probability.	161.07	127.49^ns nsNonsignificant.	126.33	11.84
Fruit length (cm)	14.46^ Significant means are different by the variance analysis (F-test), at 1% probability.	20.02	16.73^ns nsNonsignificant.	17.75	17.24
Fruit diameter (mm)	34.16^ Significant means are different by the variance analysis (F-test), at 1% probability.	39.55	36.66^ns nsNonsignificant.	37.05	4.79

Characteristics	BRS Conquista	BRS Platina	CV (%)
Granule size (µm)	34.74^ Significant difference by the F-test, at 1% probability.	29.84	0.43
Crystallinity (%)	33.64^ Significant difference by the F-test, at 1% probability.	29.78	0.32
Amylose (%)	28.82	32.59^ Significant difference by the F-test, at 1% probability.	0.32
Phosphorus (%)	0.0058^ns nsNonsignificant. CV, coefficient of variation. To, onset temperature; Tp, peak temperature; Tc, conclusion temperature; ΔH, enthalpy change; R, retrogradation rate.	0.0060	0.00
Resistant starch (%)	69.84	74.55^ Significant difference by the F-test, at 1% probability.	1.7
Swelling power (g g^-1)	26.77	30.21^ Significant difference by the F-test, at 1% probability.	0.30
Solubility (%)	19.21	21.97^ Significant difference by the F-test, at 1% probability.	2.79
Thermal properties
T_o _gel (°C), T_o _R (°C)	71.19^ Significant difference by the F-test, at 1% probability. , 45.01	69.78, 47.91^ Significant difference by the F-test, at 1% probability.	0.26, 0.82
T_p _gel (°C), T_p _R (°C)	74.33^ Significant difference by the F-test, at 1% probability. , 52.52	72.38, 55.35^ Significant difference by the F-test, at 1% probability.	0.24, 0.31
T_c _gel (°C), T_c _R (°C)	80.05^ Significant difference by the F-test, at 1% probability. , 61.12	75.01, 66.64^ Significant difference by the F-test, at 1% probability.	0.25, 0.39
ΔT gel (°C), ΔT _R (°C)	8.85^ Significant difference by the F-test, at 1% probability. , 16.11	5.23, 18.73^ Significant difference by the F-test, at 1% probability.	2.81, 3.57
ΔH _gel (J g^-1)	16.27^ Significant difference by the F-test, at 1% probability. , 1.79	8.05, 7.20^ Significant difference by the F-test, at 1% probability.	5.06, 3.25
R (%)	22.19	44.25^ Significant difference by the F-test, at 1% probability.	0.40
Pasting properties (RVU)
Viscosity peak (RVU)	226.02	232.58^ Significant difference by the F-test, at 1% probability.	0.04
Breakdown (RVU)	67.06^ Significant difference by the F-test, at 1% probability.	50.37	1.37
Final viscosity (RVU)	341.39^ Significant difference by the F-test, at 1% probability.	334.52	0.32
Setback (RVU)	182.42^ Significant difference by the F-test, at 1% probability.	152.30	0.15
Pasting temperature (°C)	76.98^ Significant difference by the F-test, at 1% probability.	74.03	0.13

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