Genotypic and phenotypic parameters associated with early maturity in soybean

Silva, Eric Vinicius Vieira; Bruzi, Adriano Teodoro; Silva, Frederico Dellano Souza; Marques, Fábio Serafim

doi:10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2022.v57.02545

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Genetics, Original Article • Pesq. agropec. bras. 57 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2022.v57.02545 copy

Genotypic and phenotypic parameters associated with early maturity in soybean

Parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos associados à precocidade em soja

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The objective of this work was to estimate genotypic and phenotypic parameters associated with early maturity, and to select soybean (Glycine max) progenies that are high yielding and early maturing. F_3:4 and F_3:5 progenies were evaluated during the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 crop years in five environments. Data on days to full maturity, days to flowering, and grain yield were collected and analyzed using the mixed model approach. Genotypic and phenotypic parameters, expected and achieved selection gains, and correlated responses were estimated. The components genetic variation and genotype x environment interaction were significant. Heritability fluctuated from 50.14%, for grain yield, to 90.37%, for full maturity. The achieved genetic gain for full maturity ranged from −0.17 to −2.57%. A positive correlation was observed among the three evaluated traits. The selection of 5.0% of the earliest-maturing soybean progenies would reduce mean grain yield by about 5.02%, but also reduce time to reach full maturity from 125 to 119 days, in detriment of 210.5 kg ha⁻¹ potential yield. Five progenies reached full maturity up to 120 days. Progeny 51 overperformed the more productive parent (NK 7074 RR), with a grain yield of 4,975 kg ha⁻¹ and 128 days to full maturity.

Index terms:
Glycine max ; mixed models; soybean breeding; succession cropping

Cultivar	Owner company⁽¹⁾ (1) Coodetec, Coodetec Desenvolvimento, Produção e Comercialização Agrícola Ltda; Nidera, Nidera Seeds Brasil Ltda; GDM, GDM Genética do Brasil S.A.	Maturity group	Growth habit
CD 2630 RR	Coodetec	6.3	Indeterminate
CD 215 RR	Coodetec	5.9	Determinate
CD 250 RR	Coodetec	5.5	Indeterminate
5D 690 RR	Coodetec	6.9	Indeterminate
V-TOP RR	Syngenta Ltda.	5.9	Indeterminate
NK 7074 RR	Syngenta Ltda.	7.4	Determinate
NA 5909 RG	Nidera	6.9	Indeterminate
BMX Força RR	GDM	6.2	Indeterminate

Parameter⁽¹⁾ (1)σG×E2, genotype x environment interaction; σG2, genetic variance; σE2, residual variance; h⌢2(%), broad-sense heritability; r⌢gg′(%), selective accuracy; and CV, coefficient of variation.	Agronomic trait
	Grain yield (kg ha⁻¹)	Days to full maturity	Days to flowering
$σ_{G \times E}^{2}$	218,613.10^ Significant by the likelihood-ratio test, at p<0.01.	1.99^ Significant by the likelihood-ratio test, at p<0.01.	0.49^ Significant by the likelihood-ratio test, at p<0.01.
$σ_{G}^{2}$	102,667.00^ Significant by the likelihood-ratio test, at p<0.01.	11.98^ Significant by the likelihood-ratio test, at p<0.01.	1.58^ Significant by the likelihood-ratio test, at p<0.01.
$σ_{E}^{2}$	729,892.30	10.99	2.29
${\overset{⌢}{h}}^{2} (%)$	50.14	90.37	84.88
${\overset{⌢}{r}}_{g g^{'}} (%)$	59.20	90.31	85.76
CV (%)	19.06	2.65	2.94
Maximum⁽²⁾ (2)Magnitudes of the means of the best linear unbiased prediction.	4975.54	132.14	55.32
Minimum⁽²⁾ (2)Magnitudes of the means of the best linear unbiased prediction.	3909.19	115.22	48.13
Mean⁽²⁾ (2)Magnitudes of the means of the best linear unbiased prediction.	4481.54	125.30	51.53
Range⁽²⁾ (2)Magnitudes of the means of the best linear unbiased prediction.	1066.35	16.92	7.19

IS⁽¹⁾ (1)Intensity of selection. (%)	Expected genetic gain⁽²⁾ (2)Estimated expected gains for the 2016/2017 crop year. (%)			Achieved genetic gain⁽³⁾ (3)Estimated achieved gains for the 2017/2018 crop year. DTFM, days to full maturity; and DTF, days to flowering. (%)
IS⁽¹⁾ (1)Intensity of selection. (%)	Grain yield	DTFM	DTF	Grain yield	DTFM	DTF
5	7.42	−3.02	−2.40	0.23	−2.57	−2.55
10	6.43	−2.91	−1.99	0.15	−1.98	−1.73
15	5.89	−2.83	−1.81	0.36	−1.68	−1.25
20	5.28	−2.70	−1.59	0.99	−1.34	−0.87
25	4.75	−2.54	−1.27	0.87	−1.38	−0.76
30	4.31	−2.36	−1.14	0.63	−0.92	−0.61
35	3.91	−2.19	−1.02	0.48	−0.50	−0.48
40	3.59	−2.06	−0.91	0.02	−0.17	−0.17

Intensity of selection (%)	Correlated response (%)
Intensity of selection (%)	Grain yield	Days to fowering
5	−5.02	−1.57
10	−2.97	−1.24
15	−2.32	−0.99
20	−2.26	−0.85
25	−2.52	−0.89
30	−1.41	−0.55
35	−0.49	−0.31
40	−0.12	−0.13

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