Eficiência e efeito residual de fontes alternativas de potássio em culturas graníferas

Soratto, Rogério Peres; Crusciol, Carlos Alexandre Costa; Campos, Murilo de; Gilabel, Amanda Prado; Costa, Claudio Hideo Martins da; Castro, Gustavo Spadotti Amaral; Ferrari Neto, Jayme

Rogério Peres Soratto Corresponding author

Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Campus de Botucatu, Avenida Universitária, nº 3.780, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, CEP 18610-034 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. E-mail: rogerio.soratto@unesp.br, carlos.crusciol@unesp.br, murilodecampos83@gmail.com, apgilabel@gmail.com

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4662-126X

Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol

Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Campus de Botucatu, Avenida Universitária, nº 3.780, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, CEP 18610-034 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. E-mail: rogerio.soratto@unesp.br, carlos.crusciol@unesp.br, murilodecampos83@gmail.com, apgilabel@gmail.com

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4673-1071

Murilo de Campos

Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Campus de Botucatu, Avenida Universitária, nº 3.780, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, CEP 18610-034 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. E-mail: rogerio.soratto@unesp.br, carlos.crusciol@unesp.br, murilodecampos83@gmail.com, apgilabel@gmail.com

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-2183

Amanda Prado Gilabel

Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Campus de Botucatu, Avenida Universitária, nº 3.780, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, CEP 18610-034 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. E-mail: rogerio.soratto@unesp.br, carlos.crusciol@unesp.br, murilodecampos83@gmail.com, apgilabel@gmail.com

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3398-4328

Claudio Hideo Martins da Costa

Universidade Federal de Jataí, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Campus Jatobá, Cidade Universitária, BR 364, Km 195, nº 3.800, CEP 75801-615 Jataí, GO, Brazil. E-mail: c_hideo@ufj.edu.br

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-5441

Gustavo Spadotti Amaral Castro

Embrapa Territorial, Avenida Soldado Passarinho, nº 303, Fazenda Jardim Chapadão, CEP 13070-115 Campinas, SP, Brazil. E-mail: gustavo.castro@embrapa.br

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8743-9651

Jayme Ferrari Neto

Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Avenida Tamandaré, nº 6.000, Jardim Seminário, CEP 79117-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. E-mail: jaymeferrari@hotmail.com

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4461-1781

Corresponding author

Figuras (3)
Tabelas (2)

Thumbnail

Figure 1
Monthly rainfall and average temperatures, from January 2008 to May 2009, in the experimental area located in the municipality of Botucatu, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Thumbnail

Figure 2
Effect of K fertilizer sources and rates on leaf Si concentration in soybean (Glycine max) (A), as well as leaf K (B) and Si (C) concentrations in corn (Zea mays), and grain yield of soybean, wheat (Triticum aestivum), and corn (D) in experiment I. K fertilizers were applied at soybean emergence in the soybean/wheat/corn rotation. Circles represent average of three K sources. K1, molten and ground alkaline K-silicate rocks; and K2, ground phonolite rock. * and **Significant by the t-test, at 5 and 1% probability, respectively. Vertical bars indicate the least significant difference to separate K sources in a same K rate by the LSD test, at 5% probability.

Thumbnail

Figure 3
Effect of K fertilizer sources and rates on leaf K (A) and Si (B) concentrations in corn (Zea mays) and shoot dry matter yield of millet, as well as grain yields of corn and soybean (Glycine max) (C), in experiment II. K fertilizers were applied at corn emergence in the corn/millet/soybean rotation. Circles represent average of three K sources. K1, molten and ground alkaline K-silicate rocks; and K2, ground phonolite rock. * and **Significant by the t-test, at 5 and 1% probability, respectively. Vertical bars indicate the least significant difference to separate K sources in a same K rate by the LSD test, at 5% probability.

Thumbnail

Table 1
Potassium and silicon concentrations in soybean (Glycine max) and corn (Zea mays) leaves, as well as grain yields of soybean, wheat (Triticum aestivum), and corn, and shoot dry matter yield of millet (Pennisetum glaucum), as affected by sources and rates of K fertilizer applied to the first crop in two experiments with different crop successions⁽¹⁾ (1) Means followed by equal letters in the rows do not differ by the LSD test, at 5% probability. .

Thumbnail

Table 2
Increased soybean (Glycine max), corn (Zea mays), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and millet (Pennisetum glaucum) yields as affected by K sources and rates of fertilizer applied to the first crop of each experiment, as well as the agronomic efficiency index (AEI) of three rates of K1 and K2 compared with KCl.

Variable	K source			Source of variation (P < F)			CV (%)
Variable	K1⁽²⁾ (2) K1, molten and ground alkaline K-silicate rocks.	K2⁽³⁾ (3) K2, ground phonolite rock.	KCl	Source (S)	Rate (D)	S × D	CV (%)
	Experiment I – K fertilizers applied at soybean emergence (soybean/wheat/corn rotation)
Soybean
Leaf K concentration (g kg^-1)	16	16	17	0.621	0.187	0.225	8.6
Leaf Si concentration (g kg^-1)	2.4	3.0	3.3	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	17.6
Grain yield (kg ha^-1)	2,624a	2,392 b	2,455b	0.011	0.008	0.192	8.5
Wheat – residual effect
Grain yield (kg ha^-1)	2,265b	2,450a	2,535a	0.001	<0.001	0.124	7.9
Corn – residual effect
Leaf K concentration (g kg^-1)	17	17	17	0.185	<0.001	0.595	6.4
Leaf Si concentration (g kg^-1)	7.6a	7.9a	7.0b	0.009	<0.001	0.188	9.6
Grain yield (kg ha^-1)	8,209	8,103	8,133	0.886	0.049	0.486	7.7
	Experiment II – K fertilizers applied at corn emergence (corn/millet/soybean rotation)
Corn
Leaf K concentration (g kg^-1)	24	26	26	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	3.5
Leaf Si concentration (g kg^-1)	24	26	26	0.003	0.007	0.001	4.6
Grain yield (kg ha^-1)	8,106	7,971	8,152	0.590	<0.001	0.057	6.4
Millet – residual effect
Shoot dry matter yield (kg ha^-1)	3,772	3,817	3,642	0.351	<0.001	0.052	9.3
Soybean – residual effect
Leaf K concentration (g kg^-1)	20	19	20	0.962	0.380	0.538	5.7
Leaf Si concentration (g kg^-1)	2.1	2.0	2.0	0.155	0.324	0.822	7.0
Grain yield (kg ha^-1)	2,593	2,570	2,456	0.464	<0.001	0.822	7.7

K₂O rate (kg ha^-1)	Increased yield (kg ha^-1)⁽¹⁾ (1)Increased yield relative to the mean yield in the zero-K control.			AEI (%)⁽²⁾ (2)Agronomic efficiency of the K1 and K2 alternative sources relative to the traditional source (KCl).
K₂O rate (kg ha^-1)	K1⁽³⁾ (3)K1, molten and ground alkaline K-silicate rocks.	K2(4)	KCl	K1⁽³⁾ (3)K1, molten and ground alkaline K-silicate rocks.	K2⁽⁴⁾ (4)K2, ground phonolite rock.
	Experiment I – K fertilizers applied at soybean emergence (soybean/wheat/corn rotation)
	Soybean
25	787	757	651	111	105
50	1,298	839	846	144	91
100	1,445	1,050	1,126	122	88
Mean	-	-	-	125	95
	Wheat – residual effect
25	104	372	639	16	58
50	509	605	751	68	81
100	137	511	441	31	116
Mean	-	-	-	38	85
	Corn – residual effect
25	271	74	702	39	11
50	634	973	628	101	155
100	887	320	168	528	190
Mean	-	-	-	223	119
	Experiment II – K fertilizers applied at corn emergence (corn/millet/soybean rotation)
	Corn
50	907	1,667	1,134	80	147
100	1,556	2,002	1,830	85	110
200	2,814	2,097	2,582	109	81
Mean	-	-	-	91	113
	Millet – residual effect
50	1,047	1,599	898	117	178
100	1,677	1,304	1,043	161	125
200	1,725	1,728	1,988	87	87
Mean	-	-	-	122	130
	Soybean – residual effect
50	585	481	534	110	90
100	771	860	686	112	125
200	724	648	313	232	207
Mean	-	-	-	151	141

[1] Corresponding author

Brasil

Brasil

Eficiência e efeito residual de fontes alternativas de potássio em culturas graníferas

Resumo