The objective of this work was to evaluate the population structure as well as the genetic and phenotypic progress in growth development traits of Nellore cattle raised in Bahia state, Brazil. Pedigree data of bovines, born between 1955 and 2007, and weight values adjusted to 205, 365, and 550 days of age, from 1970 to 2006, were used. The heritability coefficients were moderate to high for the adjusted weights, in all three ages. The herds presented a positive but small genetic gain. The phenotypic changes over years were almost exclusively related to environmental improvements. The effective size of the Nellore population raised in Bahia state has increased over some periods, thereby decreasing the inbreeding rate and leading to higher genetic gains. The generation interval is high and its reduction is important, in order to increase the annual genetic gain.
inbreeding; generation interval; genetic gain; pedigree; selection; effective size
