Incorporação da inflorescência composta e seleção de progênies produtivas em feijão-caupi

O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter progênies de feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata) com inflorescência composta, pedúnculo curto, ciclo precoce, boa arquitetura de planta e alto potencial produtivo. O material genético inicial constituiu-se de 453 progênies F_2:3, selecionadas a partir de dez cruzamentos e avaliadas em delineamento de blocos aumentados de Federer, com duas testemunhas. Dessas, selecionaram-se 60 progênies das gerações F_4:5 e F_4:6, que foram analisadas em dois experimentos sucessivos, ambos em delineamento látice 8x8, com quatro testemunhas e quatro repetições. A seleção precoce foi eficiente para fixação dos caracteres avaliados. Detectou-se ampla variabilidade genética entre e dentro das progênies. As herdabilidades e os ganhos genéticos estimados e realizados nas progênies F_4:5 e F_4:6 indicam a possibilidade de seleção de progênies precoces, com comprimento de pedúnculo curto, inflorescência composta e produtividade igual ou superior à das cultivares comerciais utilizadas como testemunhas.

Termos para indexação:
Vigna unguiculata; melhoramento genético; variabilidade genética; herdabilidade; genética quantitativa

Autoria

Karla Annielle da Silva Bernardo

Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus da Socopo, CEP 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil. E-mail: karla-anny@hotmail.com, acalopes@ufpi.edu.br, rosanamendes.moura@gmail.comUniversidade Federal do PiauíBrazilTeresina, PI, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Piauí, Campus da Socopo, CEP 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil. E-mail: karla-anny@hotmail.com, acalopes@ufpi.edu.br, rosanamendes.moura@gmail.com

Francisco Rodrigues Freire Filho

Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Travessa Dr. Enéas Pinheiro, s/no, Marco, CEP 66095-903 Belém, PA, Brazil. E-mail: francisco.freire-filho@embrapa.brEmbrapa Amazônia OrientalBrazilBelém, PA, BrazilEmbrapa Amazônia Oriental, Travessa Dr. Enéas Pinheiro, s/no, Marco, CEP 66095-903 Belém, PA, Brazil. E-mail: francisco.freire-filho@embrapa.br

Valdenir Queiroz Ribeiro

Embrapa Meio-Norte, Avenida Duque de Caxias, no 5.650, Buenos Aires, CEP 64008-780 Teresina, PI, Brazil. E-mail: valdenir.queiroz@embrapa.br, paulofernando.vieira@embrapa.brEmbrapa Meio-NorteBrazilTeresina, PI, BrazilEmbrapa Meio-Norte, Avenida Duque de Caxias, no 5.650, Buenos Aires, CEP 64008-780 Teresina, PI, Brazil. E-mail: valdenir.queiroz@embrapa.br, paulofernando.vieira@embrapa.br

Paulo Fernando de Melo Jorge Vieira

Ângela Celis de Almeida Lopes

Rosana Mendes de Moura Oliveira

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Tabelas | Fórmulas

Tabelas (5)
Fórmulas (1)

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Table 1.
Analysis of variance of trials with F_2:3 and F_3:4 progenies of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) regarding the traits number of days to flowering (NDF), number of days to maturity (NDM), pod length (POL), number of seeds per pod (SPP), 100-seed weight (100SW), and dry grain yield per plot (GYPP) in 2013.

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Table 2.
Summary of the individual analysis of variance corresponding to 60 cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) progenies and to four controls from the F_4:5 and F_4:6 progenies regarding the traits number of days to flowering (NDF), number of days to maturity (NDM), pod length (POL), number of seeds per pod (SPP), 100-seed weight (100SW), length of floral peduncle (LFP), number of peduncles with pods per plant (NPPL), average number of pods per peduncle (NPPE), and dry grain yield per plot (GYPP) in 2013 and 2014.

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Table 3.
Summary of the joint analysis of variance, at plot level, corresponding to 60 cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) progenies regarding the traits number of days to flowering (NDF), number of days to maturity (NDM), pod length (POL), number of seeds per pod (SPP), 100-seed weight (100SW), length of floral peduncle (LFP), number of peduncles with pods per plant (NPPL), average number of pods per peduncle (NPPE), and dry grain yield per plot (GYPP) in 2013 and 2014.

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Table 4.
Estimates of genetic variance (Vg), phenotypic variance (Vp), coefficient of heritability (h²), inferior (LI) and superior limits (LS) of the estimates of heritability, selection differential (DS), genetic gain obtained through direct selection in progenies (GSG), gain obtained through selection in relation to general mean (GS), and gain through selection in relation to the mean of the best control (GSC) for the joint analysis of 60 F_4:5 and F_4:6 progenies of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in 2013 and 2014.

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Table 5.
Estimated and obtained heritability and genetic gain through selection of the F_4:5 and F_4:6 progenies of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in 2013 and 2014.

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Table 1. Analysis of variance of trials with F_2:3 and F_3:4 progenies of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) regarding the traits number of days to flowering (NDF), number of days to maturity (NDM), pod length (POL), number of seeds per pod (SPP), 100-seed weight (100SW), and dry grain yield per plot (GYPP) in 2013.

Source of variation	Degree of freedom	Mean squares
Source of variation	Degree of freedom	NDF⁽¹⁾ (day)	NDM⁽¹⁾ (day)	POL (cm)	SPP	100SW (g)	GYPP (g per 1.6 m²)
		F_2:3 generation
Block (ig.Trat).	9	1.836**	0.3063**	-	-	-	15,779.24**
Treatment (aj.)	344	0.0720^ns	0.0177^ns	-	-	-	4,425.59^ns
Progeny (P)	342	0.0566^ns	0.0156^ns	-	-	-	4,272.09^ns
Control (C)	1	0.1561^ns	0.0199^ns	-	-	-	361.42^ns
P vs. C	1	5.266**	0.7366**	-	-	-	60,985.58
Error	9	0.0546	0.0587	-	-	-	2,894.07
Coefficient of variation (%)		3.46	3.01	-	-	-	27.87
		F_3:4 generation
Block (ig.Trat).	11	0.3206**	0.2336**	3.2918**	0.0934**	8.0894**	12,844.47**
Treatment (aj.)	335	0.0543**	0.0415**	8.0285**	0.112*	7.1294**	2,037.82**
Progeny (P)	331	0.0396**	0.0241**	6.4066**	0.1082*	5.8161**	1,430.52**
Control (C)	3	0.6324**	0.3350**	69.7387**	0.3658**	34.0341**	799.41^ns
P vs. C	1	3.1926**	4.9387**	359.7565**	0.5924**	361.1486**	206,767.84**
Error	33	0.0211	0.0058	0.2927	0.0575	0.5158	597.46
Coefficient of variation (%)		2.29	0.99	3.10	7.07	4.42	24.41

⁽¹⁾
Data transformed into √x. * and ** Significant at 0.01 < p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, respectively. ^nsNonsignificant by the F-test, at 5% probability.

Table 2. Summary of the individual analysis of variance corresponding to 60 cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) progenies and to four controls from the F_4:5 and F_4:6 progenies regarding the traits number of days to flowering (NDF), number of days to maturity (NDM), pod length (POL), number of seeds per pod (SPP), 100-seed weight (100SW), length of floral peduncle (LFP), number of peduncles with pods per plant (NPPL), average number of pods per peduncle (NPPE), and dry grain yield per plot (GYPP) in 2013 and 2014.

Source of variation	Degree of freedom	Mean squares
Source of variation	Degree of freedom	NDF⁽¹⁾ (day)	NDM⁽¹⁾ (day)	POL (cm)	SPP⁽¹⁾	100SW (g)	LFP (cm)	NPPL⁽¹⁾	NPPE⁽¹⁾	GYPP (g per 2.4 m²)
		F_4:5 progenies
Replicate	3	0.0519*	0.0362**	9.8661**	0.1959*	2.7067^ns	59.8755**	4.1793**	0.0309^ns	6,1094.270**
Block/replicate	28	0.0493**	0.0125^ns	3.1859**	0.1439**	7.1818**	49.6500**	0.6926**	0.0426**	54,192.396**
Progeny	59	0.0518**	0.0453**	6.5888**	0.1787**	23.5117**	73.8430**	1.0744**	0.0378**	67,053.674**
Control	3	0.0675**	0.0099^ns	5.7141**	0.1619*	19.5721**	86.3521**	1.3649**	0.0309^ns	4,430.583^ns
Type	1	0.9418**	0.5838**	46.3086**	0.0027^ns	190.9017**	224.0069**	0.2279*	0.7818**	175,954.815**
Residue	161	0.0138	0.0094	1.1337	0.0514	1.8917	6.9244	0.2275	0.0132	5,255.784
CV (%)		1.88	1.27	5.81	6.49	7.83	6.11	14.33	7.62	14.27
		F_4:6 progenies
Replicate	3	0.0119**	0.0058*	3.0735*	0.2722**	7.3388*	20.6026^ns	2.6851**	0.1081**	25,547.5666**
Block/Replicate	28	0.0077**	0.0026*	5.1894**	0.1294**	9.9225**	58.0756**	0.4469**	0.0461**	15,663.6282**
Progeny	59	0.0156**	0.0069**	5.4478**	0.2672**	17.1761**	60.1348**	0.3661^ns	0.0385**	6,181.2639**
Control	3	0.0329**	0.0242**	0.2445^ns	0.0246^ns	17.6277**	87.5740**	0.1367^ns	0.0488*	8,233.9718**
Type	1	1.2584**	0.5436**	133.8737**	0.0317^ns	62.1791**	92.9862**	1.7033^ns	1.8048**	20,637.5039**
Residue	161	0.0021	0.0015	1.2014	0.0579	2.1998	10.9672	0.3141	0.0155	1,241.82
CV (%)		0.71	0.5	6.37	7.39	8.37	7.95	16.26	7.89	10.18

⁽¹⁾
Data transformed into √x. * and ** Significant at 0.01 < p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, respectively. ^nsNonsignificant by the F-test, at 5% probability. CV, coefficient of variation.

Table 3. Summary of the joint analysis of variance, at plot level, corresponding to 60 cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) progenies regarding the traits number of days to flowering (NDF), number of days to maturity (NDM), pod length (POL), number of seeds per pod (SPP), 100-seed weight (100SW), length of floral peduncle (LFP), number of peduncles with pods per plant (NPPL), average number of pods per peduncle (NPPE), and dry grain yield per plot (GYPP) in 2013 and 2014.

Source of variation	Degree of freedom	Mean squares
Source of variation	Degree of freedom	NDF⁽¹⁾ (day)	NDM⁽¹⁾ (day)	POL (cm)	SPP⁽¹⁾	100SW (g)	LFP (cm)	NPPL⁽¹⁾	NPPE⁽¹⁾	GYPP (g per 2.4 m²)
Experiment (E)	1	5.60517**	7.30122**	174.124**	6.52304**	7.2349**	256.191**	0.89922**	0.66543**	2,965,369.63**
Progeny (P)	59	0.04717*	0.03741*	8.229*	0.2888*	36.7326**	114.313**	0.85918^ns	0.04561*	51,310.28*
P vs. E	59	0.02918**	0.02179**	5.317**	0.2288**	9.5643**	40.999**	0.79135**	0.04326*	29,012.68**
Mean error	126	0.00798	0.00548	1.16754	0.0547	2.0458	8.946	0.27086	0.01436	3,248.8
CV (%)		1.34	0.95	6.55	7.09	8.86	7.52	15.4	6.65	20.17

⁽¹⁾
Data transformed into √ x. * and **Significant at 0.01 < p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, respectively. ^nsNonsignificant by the F-test, at 5% probability.

Table 4. Estimates of genetic variance (Vg), phenotypic variance (Vp), coefficient of heritability (h²), inferior (LI) and superior limits (LS) of the estimates of heritability, selection differential (DS), genetic gain obtained through direct selection in progenies (GSG), gain obtained through selection in relation to general mean (GS), and gain through selection in relation to the mean of the best control (GSC) for the joint analysis of 60 F_4:5 and F_4:6 progenies of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in 2013 and 2014.

Parameter⁽¹⁾	Traits⁽²⁾
Parameter⁽¹⁾	NDF⁽³⁾ (day)	NDM⁽³⁾ (day)	POL (cm)	SPP⁽³⁾	100SW (g)	LFP (cm)	NPPL⁽³⁾	NPPE⁽³⁾	GYPP (g per 2.4 m²)
V_g	0.0023	0.002	0.364	0.0075	3.396	9.1642	0.0085	0.0003	2,787.2
V_p	0.0059	0.0046	1.0286	0.0361	4.5915	14.2891	0.1073	0.0057	6,413.785
h²	0.38	0.42	0.35	0.21	0.74	0.64	0.08	0.05	0.43
LI; LS	(-0.035;0.63)	(0.025;0.65)	(-0.082;0.61)	(-0.33;0.53)	(0.56;0.84)	(0.39;0.78)	(-0.54;0.45)	(-0.58;0.43)	(0.05; 0.66)
DS	-0.0945	-0.0768	1.2602	0.2419	2.6133	-4.3563	0.4036	0.0969	96.9209
GSG	-0.0361	-0.0321	0.446	0.0503	1.9329	-2.7939	0.0319	0.005	42.1183
GS (%)	-0.5647	-0.412	2.534	1.491	11.0715	-6.5635	0.9429	0.3194	9.9771
GSC (%)	-0.606	-0.4234	2.3042	1.5362	9.6238	-7.8169	1.0118	0.3764	8.5167
MGP	40.78	60.61	17.6	11.36	17.46	42.57	11.42	2.44	422.15
MPS	39.56	59.44	18.86	13.03	20.07	38.21	14.29	2.76	519.07
MGC	37.15	57.41	20.17	11.58	20.44	39.17	12.24	1.56	499.16
MBC	35.4	57.46	19.35	10.69	20.08	35.74	9.92	1.77	494.54
MBP	38.56	58.67	19.92	14.29	24.58	36.14	16.97	3.13	595.18
MGT	40.55	60.41	17.76	11.37	17.64	42.35	11.47	2.38	426.96

⁽¹⁾
MGP, general mean of progenies; MPS, mean of the 15 selected progenies per trait; MGC, general mean of controls; MBC, mean of the best control; MBP, mean of the best progeny; and MGT, general mean of the trial. ⁽²⁾NDF, number of days to flowering; NDM, number of days to maturity; POL, pod length; SPP, number of seeds per pod; 100SW, 100-seed weight; LFP, length of floral peduncle; NPPL, number of peduncles with pods per plant; NPPE, average number of pods per peduncle; and GYPP, dry grain yield per plot. ⁽³⁾Data transformed into √ x.

Table 5. Estimated and obtained heritability and genetic gain through selection of the F_4:5 and F_4:6 progenies of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in 2013 and 2014.

Trait⁽¹⁾	Heritability			Gain through selection
	F_4:5	F_4:6		F_4:5	F_4:6
	Estimated	Obtained	Obtained (%)	Estimated	Obtained	Obtained (%)
NDF	0.73	0.14	18.95	-0.1107	-0.0217	19.6
NDM	0.79	0.18	22.71	-0.1013	-0.0234	23.1
POL	0.83	0.33	39.86	1.3675	0.5018	36.69
SPP	0.71	0.42	58.96	0.2008	0.1094	54.48
100SW	0.92	0.49	53.29	2.9897	1.6293	54.5
LFP	0.91	0.37	40.83	-4.6779	-1.8399	39.33
NPPL	0.79	0.03	3.81	0.506	0.0203	4.01
NPPE	0.65	0.11	16.91	0.0899	0.0157	17.46
GYPP	0.92	0.21	22.79	149.1364	27.1588	18.21
Mean	-	-	30.9	-	-	29.71

⁽¹⁾
NDF, number of days to flowering; NDM, number of days to maturity; POL, pod length; SPP, number of seeds per pod; 100SW, 100-seed weight; LFP, length of floral peduncle; NPPL, number of peduncles with pods per plant; NPPE, average number of pods per peduncle; and GYPP, dry grain yield per plot.

h_{r}^{2} = \frac{(M_{sj} - M_{gj}) / M_{gj}}{(M_{si} - M_{gi}) / M_{gi}}

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Incorporação da inflorescência composta e seleção de progênies produtivas em feijão-caupi

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[TFN1] ⁽¹⁾
Data transformed into √x. * and ** Significant at 0.01 < p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, respectively. ^nsNonsignificant by the F-test, at 5% probability.