Increment in eucalyptus diameter as affected by seasonality and production system

Tonini, Helio; Morales, Marina Moura; Magalhaes, Ciro Augusto de Souza; Silva, Vanderley Porfirio da

doi:10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2021.v56.02544

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Forestry • Pesq. agropec. bras. 56 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2021.v56.02544 copy

Increment in eucalyptus diameter as affected by seasonality and production system

Incremento diamétrico do eucalipto em função da sazonalidade e do sistema de produção

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract:

The objective of this work was to assess the current monthly increment in diameter of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla) trees in response to different production systems, climatic factors, and thinning. The trees were evaluated in four production systems: monoculture and crop-forestry, livestock-forestry, and crop-livestock-forestry integration. The increment in diameter of 80 trees was measured monthly from May 2015 to May 2019. The effect of the climatic variables was determined through correlation and multiple regression analyses. The increment in current monthly diameter is seasonal and highly dependent on accumulated rainfall. The adopted modeling allowed concluding that both water shortage and excess (30 and 475 mm per month, respectively) decreased tree growth in diameter. The trees in the integrated systems showed a higher growth in diameter than those under monoculture, and intercropping with crops resulted in a greater diameter growth than that with pasture. Thinning accelerates the growth of the remaining trees, with an effect of higher magnitude and longer duration in the integrated production systems.

Index terms:
climate effect; integrated crop-livestock-forestry system; modeling; thinning

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[1] *Corresponding author: helio.tonini@embrapa.br

Year	Season⁽²⁾	Mean±standard deviation of monthly increment in diameter (mm)
Year	Season⁽²⁾	CLF	CF	LF	F
2015	Dry	0.8a±0.21	0.8a±0.36	0.8a±0.23	0.7a±0.33
2015/2016	Rainy	2.5a±0.43	2.5a±0.46	2.3a±0.61	1.7b±0.85
2016	Dry	1.4a±0.56	0.9a±0.35	0.9a±0.43	1.0a±0.57
2016/2017	Rainy	4.3a±0.44	4.4a±0.44	3.6a±0.78	2.8b±0.92
2017	Dry	1.7a±0.29	1.5ab±0.43	1.0b±0.66	1.0b±0.22
2017/2018	Rainy	2.4a±0.58	2.1ab±0.51	2.1b±0.37	1.3c±0.54
2018	Dry	1.4a±0.43	1.2ab±0.37	0.8bc±0.19	0.7c±0.27
2018/2019	Rainy	2.6a±0.40	2.2ab±0.42	2.2b±0.32	1.3c±0.33

Year	Season⁽²⁾	Tree position in the row⁽³⁾
Year	Season⁽²⁾	TN	TS	TC
2015	Dry	0.7ab±0.19	0.6b±0.26	1.0a±0.24
2015/2016	Rainy	2.5a±0.70	2.6a±0.24	2.1a±0.33
2016	Dry	1.2a±0.46	1.3a±0.56	0.7b±0.26
2016/2017	Rainy	4.5a±0.61	3.8b±0.55	4.0ab±0.63
2017	Dry	1.6a±0.50	1.5a±0.41	1.1a±0.62
2017/2018	Rainy	2.5a±0.28	1.7b±0.34	2.4a±0.51
2018	Dry	1.2a±0.37	1.4a±0.43	0.8b±0.19
2018/2019	Rainy	2.5a±0.39	2.1a±0.36	2.2a±0.32

Year	Season⁽²⁾	Mean±standard deviation of monthly increment in diameter (mm)
Year	Season⁽²⁾	CF	CF_unthinned	LF	LF_unthinned	F	F_unthinned
2017	Rainy	4.6a±0.49	2.9b±0.97	3.2a±1.01	2.9a±0.97	3.1a±0.78	2.5b±0.79
2017	Dry	1.5a±0.43	0.4b±0.40	1.1a±0.80	0.3b±0.40	1.0a±0.24	0.5b±0.17
2017/2018	Rainy	2.2a±0.51	2.0a±0.41	2.0a±0.39	1.9a±0.41	1.8a±0.22	1.6a±0.51
2018	Dry	1.2a±0.38	0.7b±0.23	0.8a±0.21	0.7a±0.23	0.9a±0.28	0.9a±0.28
2018/2019	Rainy	2.2a±0.42	1.8b±0.42	2.1a±0.32	1.5b±0.33	1.4a±0.36	1.4a±0.43

Variable⁽¹⁾	Monthly increment in the diameter
Variable⁽¹⁾	15 days	30 days	45 days
T_mean (ºC)	-0.20*	-0.21*	-0.16*
T_max (ºC)	-0.42*	-0.47*	-0.41*
T_min (ºC)	0.51*	0.52*	0.52*
RH (%)	0.55*	0.56*	0.53*
P (mm)	0.52*	0.55*	0.54*
R_global (MJ m² d^-1)	-0.38*	-0.41*	-0.37*
V_mean (km h^-1)	-0.34*	-0.37*	-0.31*

Combination⁽¹⁾	MS difference⁽²⁾	MS residue⁽³⁾	F_calc⁽⁴⁾	F_tab⁽⁵⁾
CLF CF LF F	69.46211301	4,218.470633	20.09	2.61
CLF CF LF	0.235352	2,074.695	0.19	3.00
CLF F	42.39522278	1,751.003805	37.19	3.85
CF F	51.48371239	1,777.260764	45.49
LF F	57.08079249	1,731.67751	53.29