The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of methods of applying triple superphosphate (TSP), Gafsa reactive phosphate rock and mixtures between these sources on phosphorus (P) utilization by maize and soybean plants. The experiments were carried out in a greenhouse, and the plants were grown in pots containing Typic Haplustox soil. The phosphorus sources were applied isolatedly or mixed (1:1 ratio) in a P rate of 90 mg kg-1, in a non-localized or in a localized manner in the soil. To quantify plant-absorbed phosphorus from the different sources, treatments with soil and TSP labeled with 32P were used. Phosphorus utilization from triple superphosphate applied locally was superior (9.8%) to the P utilization of this source applied non locally to the soil (7%). Inversely, better results with Gafsa phosphate rock occurred with P applied non locally to soil (3.8%), compared to the values obtained when the fertilizer was applied locally (0.5%). The phosphorus utilization from the Gafsa phosphate rock by maize and soybean plants increased when it was applied as compacted triple superphosphate and Gafsa phosphate rock mixture. In the presence of triple superphosphate, the soil-incorporated application of Gafsa phosphate rock led to greater utilization of phosphorus by soybean plants. The utilization of Gafsa phosphate rock phosphorus increases when it is applied together with triple superphosphate; and this effect depends on the methods of application of these phosphate sources.
Glycine max; Zea mays; isotopic dilution; phosphorus fertilizers; Gafsa phosphate rock; Oxisol; radioisotopic labelling
