Complementarity between parents for earliness and grain yield in soybean

Bezerra, André Ricardo Gomes; Sediyama, Tuneo; Silva, Felipe Lopes da; Cruz, Cosme Damião; Silva, Amilton Ferreira da; Silva, Francisco Charles dos Santos; Rosa, Daniele Piano

doi:10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2022.v57.02657

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Genetics, Original Article • Pesq. agropec. bras. 57 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2022.v57.02657 copy

Complementarity between parents for earliness and grain yield in soybean

Complementaridade entre genitores quanto à precocidade e ao rendimento de grãos em soja

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The objective of this work was to determine the general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA, respectively) of six soybean (Glycine max) parents, in order to identify the promising ones and their best combinations for the development of superior lines for earliness and grain yield, as well as the best evaluation season. Six parents and their 15 hybrids were evaluated in a randomized complete block design, during the 2014 winter and 2015/2016 summer, in a greenhouse. The data obtained for number of days to flowering, cycle, and grain yield were analyzed by Griffing’s method 2, model 1. Contrasting results were obtained for the two seasons, with a shorter cycle and a higher yield in the summer. The highest GCA for cycle is observed for the 'MSOY6101' and 'MSOY9144RR' parents, with negative and positive signs, respectively. 'TMG123RR' shows the highest GCA for grain yield. The highest SCA for days to flowering and cycle is associated with the 'SYN9078RR' × 'MSOY9144RR' and 'TMG123RR' × 'MSOY9144RR' crosses, respectively. However, the highest SCA for grain yield is observed for 'MSOY6101' × 'MSOY9144RR', with a positive value, and for 'TMG801' × 'MSOY9144RR', with a negative value, during the summer.

Index terms
Glycine max; combining ability; early maturity; parent selection

Parent (P)	Type of growth	RMG⁽¹ 1 RMG, relative maturity group. ⁾	NGV⁽² 2 NGV, variation in the average number of grains per pod. ⁾	Leaf format	Resistance to herbicides
MSOY6101 (P1)	Indeterminate	6.1	2 to 3	Pointed oval	-
RSF6563IPRO (P2)	Indeterminate	6.3	2 to 3	Oval	Glyphosate
TMG123RR (P3)	Determined	7.4	3 to 4	Lanceolate	Glyphosate
SYN9078RR (P4)	Indeterminate	7.9	2 to 3	Pointed oval	Glyphosate
TMG801 (P5)	Determined	8.2	2 to 3	Pointed oval	-
MSOY9144RR (P6)	Determined	9.1	2 to 3	Pointed oval	Glyphosate

Source of variation	DF	Days to flowering		Cycle		Grain yield
Source of variation	DF	Winter	Summer	Winter	Summer	Winter	Summer
Blocks	5	124.36	55.12	10.69	70.82	35.03	174.90
Treatments	20	58.77^ and	206.21^ and	20.24^ and	180.56^ and	21.96^ and	71.37^ and
Parents (P)	5	102.18^ and	417.71^ and	11.13^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the F-test.	470.32^ and	35.74^ and	53.18^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the F-test.
Crosses (F1)	14	47.05^ and	178.37^ and	21.81^ and	80.47^ and	14.49^ns ns Nonsignificant. DF, degrees of freedom.	53.09^ and
P vs F₁	1	6.23^ns ns Nonsignificant. DF, degrees of freedom.	88.54^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the F-test.	46.33^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the F-test.	133.41^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the F-test.	57.28^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the F-test.	417.81^ and
Residual	100	17.82	16.27	4.37	23.05	10.54	17.52
General mean		57.56	45.67	118.25	108.53	10.32	23.05
Mean of parents		57.15	46.78	119.21	110.42	9.26	19.68
Mean of hybrids		57.64	45.47	117.87	108.15	10.75	23.73
CV (%)		7.54	8.80	1.77	4.41	31.44	18.55

Source of variation	DF	Days to flowering	Cycle	Grain yield
Season (S)	1	8584.34^ and	5633.62^ and	9448.55^ and
Treatment (T)	20	187.43^ and	105.58^ and	70.64^ and
Parent (P)	5	392.51^ and	261.04^ and	12.22^ns ns Nonsignificant. DF, degrees of freedom.
Cross (F1)	14	130.73^ and	45.57^ and	20.82^ns ns Nonsignificant. DF, degrees of freedom.
P vs F1 (G)	1	23.89^ns ns Nonsignificant. DF, degrees of freedom.	168.49^ and	110.32^ and
T x S	20	77.58^ and	95.35^ and	22.68^ns ns Nonsignificant. DF, degrees of freedom.
P x S	5	127.38^ and	220.42^ and	16.61^ns ns Nonsignificant. DF, degrees of freedom.
F1 x S	14	94.69^ and	56.70^ and	20.55^ns ns Nonsignificant. DF, degrees of freedom.
G x S	1	82.89^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the F-test.	11.14^ns ns Nonsignificant. DF, degrees of freedom.	82.89^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the F-test.
Residual	200	17.05	13.71	14.03
Mean		51.62	113.40	16.68
CV (%)		7.99	3.26	22.77

Sources of variation	DF	Days to flowering	Cycle	Grain yield
Season (S)	1	8583.34^ and	5633.62^ and	9448.55^ and
Treatments (T)	20	187.43^ and	105.58^ and	70.64^ and
GCA	5	575.91^ and	238.77^ and	98.69^ and
SCA	15	57.97^ and	61.24^ and	61.26^ and
T × S	20	77.58^ and	95.35^ and	22.68^ns ns Nonsignificant. DF, degrees of freedom; GCA, general combining ability; SCA, specific combining ability.
GCA × S	5	233.22^ and	274.92^ and	23.53^ns ns Nonsignificant. DF, degrees of freedom; GCA, general combining ability; SCA, specific combining ability.
SCA × S	15	25.69^ns ns Nonsignificant. DF, degrees of freedom; GCA, general combining ability; SCA, specific combining ability.	35.51^ and	22.42^ns ns Nonsignificant. DF, degrees of freedom; GCA, general combining ability; SCA, specific combining ability.
Residual	200	17.05	13.71	14.03
GCA/SCA		9.93	3.89	1.61

Parent	Days to flowering			Cycle			Grain yield
	Winter	Summer	Mean	Winter	Summer	Mean	Winter	Summer	Mean
	General combining ability (GCA)
P₁ - MSOY6101	1.69^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	-1.52^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	0.09^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.83^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	-3.00^ and	-1.08^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.78^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.80^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.79^ns ns Nonsignificant.
P₂ - RSF6563IPRO	-1.98^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	-4.73^ and	-3.35^ and	0.58^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-1.16^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.29^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-1.21^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	-1.22^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-1.21^ns ns Nonsignificant.
P₃ - TMG123RR	0.48^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.19^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.33^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.87^ and	-1.20^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-1.04^ns ns Nonsignificant.	1.02^ns ns Nonsignificant.	2.38^ and	1.70^ and
P₄ - SYN9078RR	-1.88^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	-2.62^ and	-2.25^ and	-1.05^ and	-1.06^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-1.06^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.56^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.23^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.17^ns ns Nonsignificant.
P₅ - TMG801	1.96^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	3.77^ and	2.87^ and	0.68^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.34^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.51^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.60^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.15^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.23^ns ns Nonsignificant.
P₆ - MSOY9144RR	-0.27^ns ns Nonsignificant.	4.90^ and	2.31^ and	-0.18^ns ns Nonsignificant.	6.09^ and	2.96^ and	0.92^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.44^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.24^ns ns Nonsignificant.
	Specific combining ability (SCA)
S₁₁⁽¹⁾	-1.49^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-1.39^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-1.44^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-1.72^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	-0.59^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-1.16^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.54^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-2.27^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-1.41^ns ns Nonsignificant.
S₂₂	-1.37^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.95^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.21^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.94^ns ns Nonsignificant.	1.04^ns ns Nonsignificant.	1.00^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-2.63^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	-3.99^ and	-3.31^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.
S₃₃	0.88^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.88^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.01^ns ns Nonsignificant.	1.48^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	0.61^ns ns Nonsignificant.	1.05^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.84^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-2.33^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-1.58^ns ns Nonsignificant.
S₄₄	-1.91^ns ns Nonsignificant.	2.08^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.09^ns ns Nonsignificant.	1.85^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	1.16^ns ns Nonsignificant.	1.50^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.63^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-2.46^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-1.54^ns ns Nonsignificant.
S₅₅	0.25^ns ns Nonsignificant.	2.62^ns ns Nonsignificant.	1.44^ns ns Nonsignificant.	1.57^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.84^ns ns Nonsignificant.	1.21^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-1.32^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-2.95^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	-2.14^ns ns Nonsignificant.
S₆₆	1.54^ns ns Nonsignificant.	2.37^ns ns Nonsignificant.	1.96^ns ns Nonsignificant.	1.61^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	6.69^ and	4.15^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	-0.42^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-3.27^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	-1.85^ns ns Nonsignificant.
S₁₂	2.78^ns ns Nonsignificant.	1.92^ns ns Nonsignificant.	2.35^ns ns Nonsignificant.	2.33^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	0.70^ns ns Nonsignificant.	1.51^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.07^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.33^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.20^ns ns Nonsignificant.
S₁₃	-0.35^ns ns Nonsignificant.	2.33^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.99^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.89^ns ns Nonsignificant.	2.91^ns ns Nonsignificant.	1.01^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.21^ns ns Nonsignificant.	1.68^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.94^ns ns Nonsignificant.
S₁₄	2.48^ns ns Nonsignificant.	3.98^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	3.23^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	2.16^ and	2.27^ns ns Nonsignificant.	2.22^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.46^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-2.47^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-1.46^ns ns Nonsignificant.
S₁₅	0.84^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-4.58^ and	-1.87^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.24^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-1.47^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.62^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.43^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.31^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.37^ns ns Nonsignificant.
S₁₆	-2.76^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.88^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-1.82^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.41^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-3.21^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-1.81^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	0.85^ns ns Nonsignificant.	4.69^ and	2.77^ns ns Nonsignificant.
S₂₃	-2.49^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.87^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.81^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.30^ns ns Nonsignificant.	2.74^ns ns Nonsignificant.	1.22^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.91^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-1.66^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-1.28^ns ns Nonsignificant.
S₂₄	3.86^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	-0.48^ns ns Nonsignificant.	1.69^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-2.46^ and	-0.32^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-1.39^ns ns Nonsignificant.	3.82^ and	3.50^ns ns Nonsignificant.	3.66^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.
S₂₅	-0.15^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.88^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.51^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.18^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.03^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.08^ns ns Nonsignificant.	1.91^ns ns Nonsignificant.	3.80^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	2.85^ns ns Nonsignificant.
S₂₆	-1.25^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-3.34^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	-2.29^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-1.33^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-5.22^ and	-3.27^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	0.38^ns ns Nonsignificant.	2.01^ns ns Nonsignificant.	1.19^ns ns Nonsignificant.
S₃₄	1.24^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.23^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.50^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.83^ns ns Nonsignificant.	1.80^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.48^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.26^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-1.26^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.49^ns ns Nonsignificant.
S₃₅	-2.27^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-1.29^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-1.78^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-1.56^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-2.27^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-1.91^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	1.12^ns ns Nonsignificant.	4.04^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	2.59^ns ns Nonsignificant.
S₃₆	2.12^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.08^ns ns Nonsignificant.	1.10^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.62^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-6.41^ and	-2.89^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	0.98^ns ns Nonsignificant.	1.86^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	1.42^ns ns Nonsignificant.
S₄₅	-0.75^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-2.65^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-1.70^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-1.05^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-2.75^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-1.89^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.90^ns ns Nonsignificant.	2.45^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.77^ns ns Nonsignificant.
S₄₆	-3.02^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-4.78^ and	-3.89^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	-1.52^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-3.32^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-2.42^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	-1.46^ns ns Nonsignificant.	2.68^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.62^ns ns Nonsignificant.
S₅₆	1.81^ns ns Nonsignificant.	4.17^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	2.99^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-0.58^ns ns Nonsignificant.	4.77^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.	2.09^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.09^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-4.71^ and	-2.31^* * Significant at 1% and 5%, by the t-test.

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