Qualidade pós-colheita de mirtilos 'Emerald' cultivados em região subtropical

Medina, Ricardo Bordignon; Tezotto-Uliana, Jaqueline Visioni; Santoro, Marcelo Brossi; Silva, Simone Rodrigues da

Ricardo Bordignon Medina

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Avenida Pádua Dias, nº 11, Caixa Postal 9, CEP 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5556-5103

Jaqueline Visioni Tezotto-Uliana

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Avenida Pádua Dias, nº 11, Caixa Postal 9, CEP 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5464-6083

Marcelo Brossi Santoro ^✉✉Corresponding author

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Avenida Pádua Dias, nº 11, Caixa Postal 9, CEP 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3731-5420

Simone Rodrigues da Silva

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Avenida Pádua Dias, nº 11, Caixa Postal 9, CEP 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8471-956X

✉Corresponding author

Figuras (2)
Tabelas (4)

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Figure 1
Average air temperature and total number of chill hours below 15, 12, 10, and 7.2°C during the experimental period in the municipality of Piracicaba, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. T, temperature.

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Figure 2
Principal components analysis for the physical, chemical, and biochemical attributes of 'Emerald' blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) cultivated in a subtropical region, without chilling, in Brazil, and stored at 22°C and 70% relative humidity for 12 days, showing: analyzed variables (A) and days of evaluation (B). F0, F3, F6, F9, and F12, 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days after harvest in August, respectively; and S0, S3, S6, S9, and S12, 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days after harvest in October. PCR1 and PCR2 explain 58 and 33% of the total variation of the data, respectively. DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; ABTS, 2’-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid; Ratio, ratio between total soluble solids and titratable acidity; and SS, soluble solids.

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Table 1
Analysis of the profile of 'Emerald' blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) cultivated in a subtropical region, in Brazil, and stored at 22°C and 70% relative humidity for 12 days⁽¹ 1 Means followed by equal letters do not differ from each other by Tukey’s test, at 5% probability. (n=4). ⁾.

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Table 2
F-test in analyses of variance for storage period (day), harvest peak (month of harvest), and day × month interaction on the physical, chemical, and biochemical attributes of 'Emerald' blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) stored at 22°C and 70% relative humidity for 12 days.

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Table 3
Postharvest characterization of 'Emerald' blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) cultivated in a subtropical region, in Brazil, and stored at 22°C and 70% relative humidity for 12 days⁽¹ 1 Means followed by equal letters, in the columns, do not differ from each other by Tukey’s test, at 5% probability. SS, soluble solids. ⁾.

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Table 4
Postharvest characterization and antioxidant capacity of 'Emerald' blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) cultivated in a subtropical region, in Brazil, and stored at 22°C and 70% relative humidity for 12 days⁽¹ 1 Means followed by equal uppercase letters do not differ from each other for month, and means followed by equal lowercase letters do not differ from each other for days, by Tukey’s test, at 5% probability. ⁾.

Treatment	Fresh mass (g)	Diameter (mm)	Length (mm)	Shape -
Months of harvest
August	1.99A	18.1A	11.1A	0.62B
October	1.16B	13.7B	9.5A	0.71A

Variable	Day	Month	Day × month	CV (%)
Firmness (N)	^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability.	^ns ns Nonsignificant.	^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability.	11.64
Luminosity (L)⁽¹ 1 Data transformed by log x. ⁾	^ns ns Nonsignificant.	^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability.	^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability.	0.68
Chromaticity (C^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability. )	^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability.	^ns ns Nonsignificant.	^ns ns Nonsignificant.	18.17
Hue angle (Hº)	^ns ns Nonsignificant.	^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability.	^ns ns Nonsignificant.	14.18
Soluble solids (°Brix)	^ns ns Nonsignificant.	^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability.	^ns ns Nonsignificant.	3.03
pH⁽¹ 1 Data transformed by log x. ⁾	^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability.	^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability.	^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability.	2.67
Titrable acidity (% citric acid)⁽² 2 Data transformed by x0.5. ⁾	^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability.	^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability.	^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability.	5.16
TSS/TA ratio⁽³ 3 Data transformed by x-1. (n=4). TSS, total soluble solids; and TA, titratable acidity. ⁾	^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability.	^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability.	^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability.	12.73
Total anthocyanins (mg g^-1)	^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability.	^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability.	^ns ns Nonsignificant.	11.73
Total quercetins (mg g^-1)⁽¹ 1 Data transformed by log x. ⁾	^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability.	^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability.	^ns ns Nonsignificant.	2.46
Phenolic compounds (mg g^-1)	^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability.	^ns ns Nonsignificant.	^ns ns Nonsignificant.	7.39
DPPH (% of reduction)	^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability.	^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability.	^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability.	7.67
ABTS (% of reduction)	^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability.	^ns ns Nonsignificant.	^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability.	10.47
Fresh mass (g)	-	^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability.	-	1.75
Diameter (mm)	-	^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability.	-	9.40
Length (mm)	-	^ns ns Nonsignificant.	-	12.04
Shape	-	^* * Significant between treatments at 5% probability.	-	10.24

Treatment	Chromaticity -	Hue angle -	Anthocyanins (mg g^-1)	Quercetins (mg g^-1)	Phenolic compounds (mg g^-1)	SS (°Brix)
Months of harvest
August	1.7A	199.28A	0.83B	0.32B	6.79A	10.3B
October	1.7A	168.10B	0.98A	0.37A	6.75A	11.8A
Days after harvest
0	1.2c	198.96a	0.48c	0.26d	5.94d	11.5a
3	1.5bc	179.79a	0.66b	0.29cd	6.16cd	11.0a
6	1.8ab	179.81a	0.81b	0.33c	6.83bc	11.0a
9	2.0a	179.40a	1.22a	0.40b	7.33ab	11.0a
12	2.0a	181.50a	1.35a	0.45a	7.58a	11.0a

Months of harvest	Number of days
Months of harvest	0	3	6	9	12
	Luminosity⁽² 2 Transformed data. TSS, total soluble solids. ⁾
August	32.1Aa	30.4Ab	31.7Aab	30.8Aab	30.5Ab
October	28.6Ba	29.0Aa	28.8Ba	28.9Ba	28.9Ba
	Reduced DPPH (%)
August	47.5Ad	52.0Ac	52.8Ac	60.3Ab	66.6Aa
October	38.4Bb	39.9Bb	47.4Ba	47.4Ba	49.0Ba
	Reduced ABTS (%)
August	32.4Ad	31.4Bd	36.7Bc	49.3Ab	54.0Aa
October	32.9Ac	35.4Ac	44.2Ab	43.2Bb	49.8Ba
	Firmness (N)
August	2.22Aa	2.83Aa	2.39Aa	2.09Aa	1.27Ab
October	2.70Aa	1.95Aab	2.10Aab	2.16Aab	1.88Ab
	pH⁽² 2 Transformed data. TSS, total soluble solids. ⁾
August	2.55Bb	2.62Bb	2.54Bb	2.85Ba	3.00Ba
October	3.15Ac	3.53Ab	3.88Aa	3.83Aa	4.10Aa
	Titratable acidity (TA, % citric acid)⁽² 2 Transformed data. TSS, total soluble solids. ⁾
August	1.73Aa	1.46Ab	1.41Abc	1.16Acd	1.02Ad
October	1.04Ba	0.54Bb	0.42Bbc	0.43Bbc	0.36Bc
	TSS/TA ratio⁽² 2 Transformed data. TSS, total soluble solids. ⁾
August	6.2Bc	7.1Bc	7.5Bbc	8.6Bab	10.0Ba
October	11.6Ab	21.8Aa	28.9Aa	26.8Aa	32.7Aa

[1] ✉Corresponding author

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Qualidade pós-colheita de mirtilos 'Emerald' cultivados em região subtropical

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