Vegetative growth and productive performance of 'Abate Fetel' and 'Rocha' pear trees on quince rootstocks

The objective of this work was to evaluate the vegetative growth and yield of the 'Abate Fetel' and 'Rocha' pear (Pyrus communis) trees grafted onto the 'Adams', 'Ba29', and 'EMC' quince (Cydonia oblonga) rootstocks in the climatic conditions of Southern Brazil. The plants were trained on a central leader system, at a 4.0x1.0-m spacing. Vegetative growth, yield, and fruit size were evaluated. 'Rocha' showed greater vegetative growth, but also alternate bearing, mainly due to fructification problems. 'Abate Fetel' presented high flowering intensity, but a very low fructification, which limited its yield. Among rootstocks, 'Adams' induced a higher vigor during the initial stages and an increased intensity in flowering in the sixth year. In the following seasons, there was no rootstock effect on the assessed variables. 'Rocha' has a satisfactory production, whereas 'Abate Fetel' shows a weak vegetative growth and a very low production. The 'Adams', 'Ba29', and 'EMC' rootstocks induce similar vegetative and productive behavior in the 'Abate Fetel' and 'Rocha' pear trees.

Index terms:
Cydonia oblonga; Pyrus communis; effective fructification

Authorship

Gustavo Klamer de Almeida ^**Corresponding author: gklalmeida@hotmail.com

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Agronomia, Departamento de Horticultura e Silvicultura, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, no 7.712, CEP 91540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. E-mail: gklalmeida@hotmail.com, marodin@ufrgs.brUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulBrazilPorto Alegre, RS, Brazil Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Agronomia, Departamento de Horticultura e Silvicultura, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, no 7.712, CEP 91540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. E-mail: gklalmeida@hotmail.com, marodin@ufrgs.br

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0806-4469

João Caetano Fioravanço

Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Rua Livramento, no 515, Caixa Postal 130, CEP 95701-0008 Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil. E-mail: joao.fioravanco@embrapa.brEmbrapa Uva e VinhoBrazilBento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Rua Livramento, no 515, Caixa Postal 130, CEP 95701-0008 Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil. E-mail: joao.fioravanco@embrapa.br

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9646-2768

Gilmar Arduino Bettio Marodin

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7932-2074

*Corresponding author: gklalmeida@hotmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (2)
Tables (3)

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Figure 1.
Effect of trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) (A and B) and annual pruning weights (C and D) of 'Abate Fetel' and 'Rocha' pear (Pyrus communis) trees on rootstock and canopy averages, when grafted onto the 'Adams', 'Ba29', and 'EMC' quinces (Cydonia oblonga), from the first to the eighth year after planting, from 2009 to 2017, and correlation between TCSA and annual pruning weights in three seasons (E, F, and G), in the municipality of Vacaria, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Differences between rootstocks at the end of the first year are detailed on the bar graphic. Different letters indicate significant differences by Tukey’s test, at 5% probability. * and **Significant at 5 and 1% probability, respectively. ^nsNonsignificant.

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Figure 2.
Distribution of the fruits of 'Rocha' pear (Pyrus communis) trees into diameter classes or as having cracks on the epidermis when grafted onto three different quinces (Cydonia oblonga) in the fourth (A), fifth (B), sixth (C), and seventh (D) years after planting, from 2012 to 2016. ^nsNonsignificant.

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Table 1.
Number of flower clusters per plant and number of fruits per floral cluster of the 'Abate Fetel' and 'Rocha' pear (Pyrus communis) trees grafted onto quinces (Cydonia oblonga), from the third to the eighth year after planting, from 2011 to 2017, in the conditions of the municipality of Vacaria, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil⁽¹⁾.

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Table 2.
Annual and accumulated yield of 'Abate Fetel' and 'Rocha' pear (Pyrus communis) trees grafted onto quinces (Cydonia oblonga), as well as annual fruit weight (AFW) of 'Rocha' from the third to the ninth year after planting, from 2011 to 2018, in the municipality of Vacaria, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil⁽¹⁾.

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Table 3.
Pearson’s correlation of both number of flower clusters per plant and effective fructification (fruits per flower cluster) with yield per plant of 'Rocha' pear (Pyrus communis) trees grafted onto quinces (Cydonia oblonga), from the third to the eighth year after planting, from 2011 to 2017.

Figure 1. Effect of trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) (A and B) and annual pruning weights (C and D) of 'Abate Fetel' and 'Rocha' pear (Pyrus communis) trees on rootstock and canopy averages, when grafted onto the 'Adams', 'Ba29', and 'EMC' quinces (Cydonia oblonga), from the first to the eighth year after planting, from 2009 to 2017, and correlation between TCSA and annual pruning weights in three seasons (E, F, and G), in the municipality of Vacaria, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Differences between rootstocks at the end of the first year are detailed on the bar graphic. Different letters indicate significant differences by Tukey’s test, at 5% probability. * and **Significant at 5 and 1% probability, respectively. ^nsNonsignificant.

Figure 2. Distribution of the fruits of 'Rocha' pear (Pyrus communis) trees into diameter classes or as having cracks on the epidermis when grafted onto three different quinces (Cydonia oblonga) in the fourth (A), fifth (B), sixth (C), and seventh (D) years after planting, from 2012 to 2016. ^nsNonsignificant.

Table 1. Number of flower clusters per plant and number of fruits per floral cluster of the 'Abate Fetel' and 'Rocha' pear (Pyrus communis) trees grafted onto quinces (Cydonia oblonga), from the third to the eighth year after planting, from 2011 to 2017, in the conditions of the municipality of Vacaria, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil⁽¹⁾.

Scion	Rootstock	Flower cluster per plant
Scion	Rootstock	3^rd	4^th	5^th	6^th	7^th	8^th
'Abate Fetel'	'Adams'	2.3^ns	47.1^ns	64.8^ns	237.5^ns	106.0^ns	107.6^ns
	'Ba29'	0.2	23.3	35.3	156.3	64.2	90.7
	'EMC'	1.0	13.3	30.9	148.7	75.4	106.1
	Average	1.2^ns	27.9^ns	43.7^ns	180.8B	81.8A	101.5^ns
'Rocha'	'Adams'	7.0^ns	49.0^ns	53.6^ns	315.5^ns	47.7^ns	137.7^ns
	'Ba29'	5.6	35.3	75.8	252.0	68.9	137.3
	'EMC'	5.5	32.1	56.8	271.2	27.7	103.1
	Average	6.0	38.8	62.0	279.5A	48.1B	126.0
		Average of the scions
	'Adams'	4.7^ns	48.0^ns	59.2^ns	276.5a	76.8^ns	122.7^ns
	'Ba29'	2.9	29.3	55.5	204.1b	66.5	114.0
	'EMC'	3.3	22.7	43.8	210.0b	51.5	104.6
	CV (%)	28.97
		Fruit per flower cluster
Scion	Rootstock	3^rd	4^th	5^th	6^th	7^th	8^th
'Abate Fetel'	'Adams'	0.01^ns	0.05^ns	0.00^ns	0.00^ns	0.00^ns	0.00^ns
	'Ba29'	0.00	0.23	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	'EMC'	0.00	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	Average	0.00B	0.10B	0.00B	0.00B	0.00B	0.00B
'Rocha'	'Adams'	0.32^ns	1.17^ns	0.24^ns	0.42^ns	0.71^ns	0.74^ns
	'Ba29'	0.34	1.07	0.14	0.33	0.61	0.69
	'EMC'	0.32	1.28	0.25	0.43	0.76	0.83
	Average	0.33A	1.17A	0.21A	0.39A	0.70A	0.75A
	CV (%)	48.32

⁽¹⁾
Uppercase letters indicate significant differences between canopies for the average of the rootstocks, whereas lowercase letters compare rootstocks, both by Tukey’s test, at 5% probability. ^nsNonsignificant.

Table 2. Annual and accumulated yield of 'Abate Fetel' and 'Rocha' pear (Pyrus communis) trees grafted onto quinces (Cydonia oblonga), as well as annual fruit weight (AFW) of 'Rocha' from the third to the ninth year after planting, from 2011 to 2018, in the municipality of Vacaria, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil⁽¹⁾.

Rootstock	Yield (Mg ha^-1)							Accumulated yield
Rootstock	3^rd	4^th	5^th	6^th	7^th	8^th	9^th	Accumulated yield
'Abate Fetel'
'Adams'	0^ns	0.8^ns	0.1^ns	0^ns	0^ns	0^ns	1.1^ns	1.9^ns
'Ba29'	0	0.7	0.0	0	0	0	1.3	2.0
'EMC'	0	0.2	0.0	0	0	0	1.0	1.3
Average	0B	0.56B	0B	0B	0B	0B	1.1B	1.7B
'Rocha'
'Adams'	0.5^ns	17.0^ns	3.0^ns	38.2^ns	7.1^ns	31.2^ns	13.5^ns	110.7^ns
'Ba29'	0.5	10.0	2.8	31.7	9.4	24.4	9.8	88.5
'EMC'	0.6	11.3	3.7	39.9	4.8	24.9	12.3	97.5
Average	0.5A	12.8A	3.2A	36.6A	7.1A	26.8A	11.9A	98.9A
CV (%)	33.40
RS⁽²⁾	AFW (g)							Average (g)
RS⁽²⁾	3^rd	4^th	5^th	6^th	7^th	8^th	9^th	Average (g)
'Rocha'
'Adams'	99.1^ns	100.8^ns	102.5^ns	106.9^ns	89.2^ns	104.5^ns	88.1^ns	98.7^ns
'Ba29'	94.3	108.4	111.6	125.7	94.7	116.1	95.0	106.5
'EMC'	100.4	104.1	99.3	100.8	90.5	103.8	87.7	98.1
Average	97.9	104.4	104.5	111.1	91.4	108.1	90.3	101.1
CV (%)	12.73

⁽¹⁾
Uppercase letters compare cultivars in the average of the rootstocks by Tukey’s test, at 5% probability. ^nsNonsignificant. ⁽²⁾'Adams' x 'EMC' x 'Ba29'.

Table 3. Pearson’s correlation of both number of flower clusters per plant and effective fructification (fruits per flower cluster) with yield per plant of 'Rocha' pear (Pyrus communis) trees grafted onto quinces (Cydonia oblonga), from the third to the eighth year after planting, from 2011 to 2017.

Year

Yield (kg per plant)

3^rd year

4^th year

5^th year

6^th year

7^th year

8^th year

3^rd year

0.85*

0.79**

4^th year

0.88**

-0.038^ns

5^th year

-0,35^ns

0.92**

6^th year

-0.52^ns

0.36^ns

7^th year

0.86*

-0.018^ns

8^th year

0.12^ns

0.73**

* and **Significant at 5 and 1% probability, respectively. ^nsNonsignificant. FC, flower clusters; EF, effective fructification.

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Vegetative growth and productive performance of 'Abate Fetel' and 'Rocha' pear trees on quince rootstocks

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[1] *Corresponding author: gklalmeida@hotmail.com