Psychometric Evaluation of WHOQOL-SRPB among Brazilian Adolescents

Strelhow, Miriam Raquel Wachholz; Sarriera, Jorge Castellá

doi:10.1590/1982-4327e3035

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Psychological Evaluation • Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) 30 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-4327e3035 copy

Psychometric Evaluation of WHOQOL-SRPB among Brazilian Adolescents

Avaliação Psicométrica do WHOQOL-SRPB entre Adolescentes Brasileiros

Evaluación Psicométrica del WHOQOL-SRPB entre Adolescentes Brasileños

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

A number of studies point to the relationship between spirituality and religiosity with health and well-being. However, there are few instruments to evaluate these aspects among adolescents. The objective of this study was to verify the psychometric properties of the Spirituality, Religiousness and Personal Beliefs module, part of the World Health Organization’s Quality of Life Instrument (WHOQOL-SRPB) by analyzing evidence of validity and reliability among Brazilian adolescents. The participants were 1,248 Brazilian adolescents, between 12 and 18 years of age (M = 15.09, SD = 1.77), 57.3% of whom were girls. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the eight-factor composition presents good fit indexes, and adequate reliability. Multi-group analyses indicated that there is factorial invariance by gender and age. It is concluded that the instrument presents evidence of validity and reliability with Brazilian adolescents. However, further studies are recommended especially considering the principal components analyses.

Keywords:
spirituality; religiosity; measurement; psychometrics; adolescence

	Components
	1	2	3	4	5
Factor 1 Faith
8.3 To what extent does faith give you strength in daily life?	.863
5.3 How much does spiritual strength help you to live better?	.863
8.1 To what extent does faith contribute to your well-being?	.856
8.2 To what extent does faith give you comfort in daily life?	.853
1.4 To what extent does any connection to a spiritual being provide you with comfort/reassurance?	.848
5.4 To what extent does your spiritual strength help you to feel happy in life?	.837
5.2 To what extent can you find spiritual strength in difficult times?	.836
1.1 To what extent does any connection to a spiritual being help you to get through hard times?	.831
1.2 To what extent does any connection to a spiritual being help you to tolerate stress?	.773
8.4 To what extent does faith help you to enjoy life?	.773
5.1 To what extent do you feel inner spiritual strength?	.727
1.3 To what extent does any connection to a spiritual being help you to understand others?	.721
4.4 How much do your beliefs help you to create coherence between what you do, think and feel?	.651
3.2 To what extent do you feel spiritually touched by beauty?	.572
Factor 2 Inner peace
6.2 To what extent do you have inner peace?		.826
6.1 To what extent do you feel peaceful within yourself?		.784
6.3 How much are you able to feel peaceful when you need to??		.695
6.4 To what extent do you feel a sense of harmony in your life?		.652
4.2 How satisfied are you that you have a balance between mind, body and soul?		.609
4.3 To what extent do you feel the way you live is consistent with what you feel and think?		.540
Factor 3 Experiences of awe and wonder
3.1 To what extent are you able to experience awe from your surroundings? (e.g. nature, art, music)			.763
3.4 To what extent are you grateful for the things in nature that you can enjoy?			.696
2.2 To what extent does taking care of other people provide meaning of life for you?			.502		.407
3.3 To what extent do you have feelings of inspiration/excitement in your life?			.490
4.1 To what extent do you feel any connection between your mind, body and soul?			.457
Factor 4 Hope and optimism
7.3 To what extent does being optimistic improve your quality of life?				.725
7.4 How able are you to remain optimistic in times of uncertainty?				.683
7.1 How hopeful do you feel?				.598
7.2 To what extent are you hopeful about your life?				.575
Factor 5 Meaning and purpose in life
2.3 To what extent do you feel your life has a purpose?					.764
2.1 To what extent do you find meaning in life?					.631
2.4 To what extent do you feel you are here for a reason?	.413				.596
Explained variance (%)	30.13	12.65	7.71	7.62	7.27

	Item	Corrected Item-Total correlation	Alpha if the item is removed
Factor 1	1.1	.809	.870
Spiritual connection	1.2	.772	.884
(alpha = 0.906)	1.3	.753	.890
	1.4	.818	.867
Factor 2	2.1	.592	.681
Meaning and purpose in life	2.2	.370	.790
(alpha = 0.758)	2.3	.675	.635
	2.4	.602	.676
Factor 3	3.2	.370	.656
Experiences of awe and wonder	3.3	.453	.583
(alpha = 0.659)	3.4	.483	.563
	3.1	.479	.568
Factor 4	4.1	.593	.673
Wholeness and integration	4.3	.554	.696
(alpha = 0.754)	4.4	.531	.713
	4.2	.536	.706
Factor 5	5.1	.774	.914
Spiritual strength	5.2	.814	.900
(alpha = 0.922)	5.3	.860	.884
	5.4	.830	.894
Factor 6	6.1	.687	.803
Inner peace	6.2	.747	.776
(alpha = 0.846)	6.3	.665	.813
	6.4	.634	.825
Factor 7	7.1	.686	.726
Hope and optimism	7.2	.660	.738
(alpha = 0.806)	7.3	.603	.766
	7.4	.541	.794
Factor 8	8.1	.880	.927
Faith	8.2	.905	.919
(alpha = 0.946)	8.3	.904	.919
	8.4	.796	.952

		X ²	Df	p	TLI	CFI	RMSEA (CI^a)
Confirmatory Factorial Analysis
	Model 1. WHOQOL-SRPB, 8 factors	1,522.364	436	<.001	.909	.920	.063 (.060-.067)
	Model 2. WHOQOL-SRPB, 5 factors	1,984.682	454	<.001	.877	.887	.074 (.070-.077)
Multi-group
	WHOQOL-SRPB, 8 factors
Gender
	Model 1 - Configural	2,863.976	872	.000	.917	.927	.043(.041-.045)
	Model 2 - Metric	2,878.332	896	.000	.919	.927	.042(.040-.044)
	Model 3 - Scalar	3,052.509	928	.000	.917	.922	.043(.041-.045)
Age
	Model 1 - Configural	3,875.442	1,432	.000	.909	.912	.037(.036-.038)
	Model 2 - Metric	3,903.267	1,456	.000	.910	.912	.037(.035-.038)
	Model 3 - Scalar	3,941.487	1,488	.000	.912	.912	.036(.035-.038)

Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Av.Bandeirantes 3900 - Monte Alegre, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto - São Paulo - Brasil, Tel.: (55 16) 3315-3829 - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
E-mail: paideia@usp.br

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[1] Correspondence address: Miriam Raquel Wachholz Strelhow. Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Psicologia. Avenida Prof. Mello de Morais, 1721, São Paulo-SP, Brazil. CEP 90.040-060. E-mail: raquelwch@gmail.com