Estigma Associado à Saúde Mental Entre Profissionais da Atenção Básica à Saúde

Moro, Larissa Moraes; Rocha, Kátia Bones

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Brasil

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Sumário

Social Psychology • Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) 32 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-4327e3214 copiar

Estigma Associado à Saúde Mental Entre Profissionais da Atenção Básica à Saúde

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a associação entre estigma a pessoas com problemas de saúde mental entre profissionais da Atenção Básica em relação a variáveis sociodemográficas, de contato e de participação em ações de saúde mental. Participaram 289 profissionais do Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil. Utilizaram-se Questionário sociodemográfico; Questionário de Conhecimento em Saúde Mental (MAKS-BR); Questionário de Atribuição (AQ-26B); Itens de saúde mental do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da AB. Menor atribuição de estigma está relacionado a maior conhecimento em saúde mental, ter formação em saúde mental e realizar atividades de saúde mental. As variáveis que mais influenciam a relação entre conhecimento e atribuição de estigma são: o contato pessoal, formação e realizar ações de saúde mental. Os resultados apontam a importância das práticas de saúde mental na Atenção Básica e da formação das equipes para a redução do estigma.

Palavras-chave:
saúde mental; estigma; serviços de saúde pública

Characteristic		Yes		No
Characteristic		N	%	N	%
Individual participation in your unit’s mental health actions
	Participates in some action/activity	202	69.9	87	30.1
	Performs reception	132	45.7	157	54.3
	Perform consultations	94	32.5	195	67.5
	Conducts groups	73	25.3	216	74.7
	Participates in matrix support actions	69	23.9	220	76.1
	Conducts actions and interventions in the territory	52	18	237	82
Pmaq - The team conducts mental health consultations
	Consultation for users in psychological distress (general)	236	81.7	53	18.3
	Consultations for users of crack cocaine, alcohol, and other drugs	177	61.2	112	38.8
	Consultations for users on chronic use of benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, mood-stabilizing antidepressants	231	79.9	58	20.1
	Performs some sort of consultation	272	94.1	17	5.9
Pmaq - The team has a record of users in the territory
	Registration of users in psychological distress (general)	186	64.4	103	35.6
	Registration of users of crack cocaine, alcohol, and other drugs	152	52.6	137	47.4
	Registry of users who make chronic use of benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers	184	63.7	105	36.3
	Has some type of registration of users in the territory	221	76.5	68	23.5
Pmaq - The team uses a specific strategy to take care of these cases
	Specific consultation with longer time	125	43.3	164	56.7
	Life history record (clinical, family history, medical record)	145	50.2	144	49.8
	Group service offer	87	30.1	202	69.9
	Specialized mental health care (NASF or other type of matrix support)	162	56.1	127	43.9
	Conducts some strategy	245	84.8	44	15.2
Pmaq - The team has a record of users with higher risk/severity referred to another point of care
	Registration of users in psychological distress (general)	188	65.1	101	34.9
	Registration of users of crack cocaine, alcohol, and other drugs	152	52.6	137	47.4
	Registry of users who make chronic use of benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers	170	58.8	119	41.12
	Has some kind of record of the received users	227	78.5	62	21.5

	Yes		No
	M	SD	M	SD	P	IC
	(AQ-26B)	SD	(AQ-26B)	SD	P	IC
Mental health training/specialization	81.2	28.9	93	27.9	0.004	3.85 - 19.8
Participates in the unit’s mental health actions	86.3	26.5	100	30.8	0.001	6.45 - 2.82
Performs reception	87.5	25.9	92.8	30.4	0.121	-1.40 - 12
Perform consultations	79.2	26.4	95.8	27.9	0.001	9.73 - 23.5
Conducts groups	82.92	26.4	93.04	28.8	0.009	2.56 - 17.6
Conducts matrix support actions	81.38	25.6	93.30	28.8	0.003	4.20 - 19.6
Conducts actions and interventions in the territory	79.62	27.4	92.86	28.2	0.002	4.75 - 21.7

Characteristic		Mean	SD	p	Df
Age group
	21 - 29	81.9	27	0.004	3
	30 - 39	95.2	31.6
	40 - 49	94.7	26.1
	50 - 64	81.9	22.5
Schooling level
	Incomplete elementary school to incomplete high school = A (e)*	116.8	45.3	0.005	4
	Complete high school = B (e)*	99.9	31.3
	Incomplete higher education = C	90.5	21.9
	Complete higher education = D	87.5	25.6
	Complete and incomplete postgraduate studies = E (a, b)*	86.8	27.4
Professional category
	Community Health Agent (CHA) = A (f)*	93.4	28.0	0.001	7
	Nursing technician or assistant = B (cef)*	106.5	30.2
	Physician = C (b)*	80.1	23.3
	Dentist = D (f)*	92	28.9
	Nurse = E (f)*	89.4	26.8
	Psychologist = F (a, b, d, e, h)*	60.7	18.4
	Service manager = G	88.6	24.2
	Others = H (f)*	95	28

	Characteristic	Inclination (B)	EP	Correlation (r)
Sub-group 1	Does not know anyone with a mental health problem; does not have training/specialization in mental health	1.89	2.29	0.19
(n = 41)		1.89	2.29	0.19
Subgroup 2	Knows someone with a mental health problem; Does not perform consultation; 30 - 49 years old; Nursing assistant/technician, nurse, or doctor; Daily and weekly contact frequency; Belongs to a team which assists users with chronic use of medication; Has a friend with a mental health problem	-4.03	0.80	-0.58
(n = 50)		-4.03	0.80	-0.58
Subgroup 3	Knows someone with a mental health problem; Does not perform consultation; 30-49 years, daily to weekly contact frequency; Belongs to a team which assists users on chronic medication use, No friend with mental health problem	-1.88	0.90	-0.31
(n = 43)		-1.88	0.90	-0.31
Subgroup 4	Knows someone with a mental health problem; does not participates in consultation; 30-49 years; less than monthly contact frequency	-2.40	1.59	-0.25
(n = 35)		-2.40	1.59	-0.25
Subgroup 5	Knows someone with a mental health problem; does not perform consultation; 19-29 and over 50 years old	-0.61	0.59	-0.15
(n = 58)		-0.61	0.59	-0.15
Subgroup 6	Knows someone with a mental health problem; performs consultation; No training/specialization in mental health	-1.09	1.28	-0.21
(n = 58)		-1.09	1.28	-0.21

Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Av.Bandeirantes 3900 - Monte Alegre, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto - São Paulo - Brasil, Tel.: (55 16) 3315-3829 - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
E-mail: paideia@usp.br

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[1] Correspondence address: Larissa Moraes Moro. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil. CEP 90.619-900. E-mail: larissamoraesmoro@gmail.com