Psychometric Evidence of the Coping Inventory for Brazilian Paralympic Athletes in Competition Situations

Bertoldi, Rafaela; Bandeira, Paulo Felipe Ribeiro; Silva, Mônia Aparecida da; Machado, Wagner de Lara; Mazo, Janice Zarpellon; Bandeira, Denise Ruschel

doi:10.1590/1982-4327e3221

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Psychological Evaluation • Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) 32 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-4327e3221 copy

Psychometric Evidence of the Coping Inventory for Brazilian Paralympic Athletes in Competition Situations

Evidências Psicométricas do Inventário de Coping para Atletas Paralímpicos Brasileiros em Situação de Competição

Evidencias Psicométricas del Inventario de Afrontamiento para Atletas Paralímpicos Brasileños en Situación de Competición

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Paralympic athletes face stressful situations in sports competitions daily, and assessing how they cope with these situations is important. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Coping Inventory for Brazilian Paralympic Athletes in Competition Situations. This study included 531 Brazilian Paralympic athletes aged 18 years or older, of both sexes, living in different Brazilian regions. They competed nationally or internationally and had physical or visual disabilities. Athletes with cerebral palsy were excluded. The participants answered a data questionnaire and the coping inventory. A confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a 12-theoretical dimension structure: six adaptive (Self-Reliance, Support-Seeking, Problem-Solving, Information-Seeking, Accommodation, Negotiation) and six maladaptive dimensions (Delegation, Social Isolation, Helplessness, Escape, Submission, and Opposition). Reliability indexes ranged between 0.60 and 0.94. The conclusion is that the instrument is reliable for assessing coping strategies among Brazilian Paralympic athletes.

Keywords:
athletes; physically disabled; visually disabled; coping; psychometrics

Variables		N	%
Education
	Middle School	49	9.2
	High School	231	43.5
	Incomplete Higher Education	140	26.4
	Bachelor’s degree	91	17.1
	Graduate Studies	20	3.8
Country’s region
	Mid-West	35	6.6
	Northeast	84	15.8
	North	21	4.0
	Southeast	321	60.4
	South	70	13.2
Disability
	Physical	426	80.2
	Visual	105	19.8
Type of disability
	Acquired	282	53.1
	Congenital	249	46.9
Modality
	Athletics	171	32.2
	Weightlifting	77	14.5
	Swimming	69	13.0
	Wheelchair basketball	52	9.8
	Badminton	33	6.2
	Wheelchair fencing	28	5.3
	Judo	24	4.5
	Goalball	17	3.2
	Sitting volleyball	15	2.8
	Five-a-side football	9	1.7
	Wheelchair rugby	7	1.3
	Table tennis	6	1.1
	Shooting sports	5	0.9
	Triathlon	5	0.9
	Rowing	4	0.8
	Wheelchair tennis	2	0.4
	Bocce ball	2	0.4
	Cycling	2	0.4
	Archery	1	0.2
	Sailing	1	0.2
	Taekwondo	1	0.2
Competition Level
	International	281	52.9
	National	250	47.1
Years of Competition
	Up to 5 years	267	50.2
	5 to 10 years	133	25.0
	11 to 15 year	70	13.1
	16 to 20 years	42	7.9
	More than 20 years	18	3.8
Athlete Scholarship
	Yes	329	62.0
	No	202	38.0

Model	Items	𝝌²	DF	P-value	CFI	TLI	RMSEA	90%CI
First	91	9307.657	3938	0.0001	0.81	0.80	0.05	0.05 - 0.05
Final	67	4887.999	1886	0.0001	0.91	0.90	0.05	0.04 - 0.05

	Item	Factor Loading	Error variance	R ²	Composite Reliability
Self-Reliance
	Q01*	0.57	0.67	0.32	0.94
	Q13*	0.66	0.52	0.43
	Q25*	0.66	0.56	0.44
	Q37*	0.69	0.52	0.47
	Q49*	0.65	0.57	0.43
	Q58*	0.58	0.65	0.34
	Q61*	0.68	0.53	0.46
	Q66*	0.70	0.51	0.50
	Q68*	0.65	0.57	0.43
	Q75*	0.69	0.53	0.47
	Q77*	0.73	0.46	0.53
	Q81*	0.74	0.45	0.56
	Q83*	0.70	0.51	0.48
	Q85*	0.84	0.29	0.72
	Q87*	0.80	0.36	0.64
	Q89*	0.81	0.34	0.65
	Q91*	0.64	0.59	0.41
Support-Seeking
	Q14*	0.50	0.75	0.24	0.88
	Q38*	0.77	0.40	0.60
	Q69*	0.62	0.61	0.39
	Q78*	0.76	0.42	0.56
	Q84*	0.65	0.57	0.42
	Q86*	0.82	0.32	0.67
	Q88*	0.66	0.56	0.44
	Q90*	0.81	0.34	0.66
Problem Solving
	Q15*	0.62	0.61	0.38	0.79
	Q39*	0.63	0.60	0.40
	Q51*	0.79	0.37	0.62
	Q62*	0.74	0.45	0.55
Information-Seeking
	Q04*	0.68	0.53	0.46	0.78
	Q28*	0.70	0.51	0.49
	Q40*	0.56	0.68	0.32
	Q52*	0.69	0.52	0.47
	Q70*	0.60	0.64	0.36
Accommodation
	Q29*	0.30	0.92	0.10	0.60
	Q63*	0.73	0.46	0.54
	Q71*	0.69	0.52	0.48
Negotiation
	Q18*	0.60	0.64	0.36	0.67
	Q30*	0.74	0.45	0.54
	Q42*	0.58	0.66	0.33
Delegation
	Q19*	0.56	0.68	0.31	0.67
	Q31*	0.65	0.55	0.44
	Q54*	0.67	0.50	0.46
Isolation
	Q08*	0.40	0.84	0.16	0.67
	Q20*	0.33	0.89	0.10
	Q32*	0.88	0.22	0.77
	Q64*	0.66	0.56	0.43
Helplessness
	Q21*	0.55	0.69	0.30	0.77
	Q33*	0.65	0.58	0.42
	Q45*	0.60	0.64	0.36
	Q56*	0.53	0.72	0.28
	Q65*	0.55	0.69	0.30
	Q80*	0.74	0.45	0.54
Escape
	Q22*	0.50	0.75	0.25	0.66
	Q46*	0.57	0.67	0.32
	Q57*	0.58	0.66	0.33
	Q73*	0.64	0.57	0.42
Submission
	Q23*	0.30	0.91	0.10	0.60
	Q35*	0.40	0.84	0.16
	Q47*	0.40	0.84	0.16
	Q67*	0.56	0.68	0.31
	Q74*	0.72	0.48	0.51
Opposition
	Q24*	0.60	0.64	0.36	0.86
	Q36*	0.71	0.49	0.50
	Q60*	0.89	0.20	0.80
	Q76*	0.83	0.31	0.68
	Q82*	0.72	0.48	0.51

Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Av.Bandeirantes 3900 - Monte Alegre, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto - São Paulo - Brasil, Tel.: (55 16) 3315-3829 - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
E-mail: paideia@usp.br

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[1] Correspondence address: Denise Ruschel Bandeira. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - sala 120, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil. CEP 90.035-003. E-mail: bandeira@ufrgs.br