Population density of Arabica coffee cultivars for bean quality and yield

Silveira, Jane Maria de Carvalho; Nasser, Maurício Dominguez; Mariano-Nasser, Flávia Aparecida de Carvalho; Pagliarini, Maximiliano Kawahata; Giomo, Gerson Silva

doi:10.1590/1983-40632018v4852589

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Scientific Articles • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 48 (4) • Oct-Dec 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632018v4852589 copy

Population density of Arabica coffee cultivars for bean quality and yield

Densidade populacional de cultivares na produtividade e qualidade de grãos de café arábica

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

For the implantation of a coffee tree crop, aiming at a high yield, each cultivar, depending on the plant distribution and density, can express differently its results. This study aimed to evaluate the yield potential and grain quality of Arabica coffee cultivars grown under different spacings between rows and between plants. A randomized block design was used, with three replications, in a split-split-plot scheme, being the plots three coffee cultivars (Obatã IAC-1669-20, Tupi IAC-1669-33 and Catuaí Vermelho IAC-144), four spacings between rows (1.8 m, 2.0 m, 2.5 m and 3.0 m) and four spacings between plants in the row (0.5 m, 0.7 m, 0.8 m and 1.0 m), totaling 48 treatments. The type of coffee bean (flat, peaberry and elephant) and yield per hectare were evaluated. The Obatã cultivar showed the highest potential yield, in relation to Tupi and Catuaí Vermelho, and also the highest percentage of flat grains. The factors, in order of importance, that interfere with the potential yield of processed coffee are the cultivar and the spacing between rows and between plants.

KEYWORDS:
Coffea arabica; coffee growing; morphological characteristics of coffee trees

Treatments	Processed coffee beans (%)			Yield (kg ha^-1)
Treatments	Flat	Peaberry	Elephant	Yield (kg ha^-1)
BR (m)
1.80	64.64 ab	22.90 b	12.47 a	4,180.20 a
2.00	65.95 a	23.38 b	10.67 a	4,086.00 ab
2.50	64.04 ab	23.30 b	12.66 a	2,715.00 c
3.00	62.69 b	25.89 a	11.42 a	3,184.80 bc
BP (m)
0.50	65.38 a	23.06 b	11.56 a	932.40 a
0.70	65.20 a	23.21 b	11.59 a	3,559.20 ab
0.80	64.31 ab	23.55 ab	12.14 a	3,424.80 ab
1.00		25.66 a	11.92 a	3,249.60 b
Cultivars (VAR)
Obatã	67.12 a	22.89 b	9.99 b	45.00 a
Catuaí Vermelho	61.18 c	27.33 a	11.50 b	2,444.40 b
Tupi	64.69 b	21.38 b	13.93 a	2,735.40 b
F (BR)	3.44^* * significant at 5 % of probability;	4.05^ significant at 1 %.	2.91^* * significant at 5 % of probability;	17.95^ significant at 1 %.
F (BP)	3.47^* * significant at 5 % of probability;	3.20^* * significant at 5 % of probability;	0.26^* * significant at 5 % of probability;	2.99^* * significant at 5 % of probability;
F (VAR)	22.36^ significant at 1 %.	27.62^ significant at 1 %.	17.57^ significant at 1 %.	129.79^ significant at 1 %.
F (BR ^* * significant at 5 % of probability; BP)	1.07^ns ns not significant;	0.66^ns ns not significant;	1.33^ns ns not significant;	0.56^ns ns not significant;
F (BR ^* * significant at 5 % of probability; VAR)	2.75^* * significant at 5 % of probability;	1.47^ns ns not significant;	2.30^ns ns not significant;	5.34 ^ significant at 1 %.
F (BP ^* * significant at 5 % of probability; VAR)	0.81^ns ns not significant;	1.46^ns ns not significant;	0.49^ns ns not significant;	1.12^ns ns not significant;
F (BR ^* * significant at 5 % of probability; BP ^* * significant at 5 % of probability; VAR)	0.66^ns ns not significant;	0.63^ns ns not significant;	0.88^ns ns not significant;	0.82^ns ns not significant;
CV (%)	6.80	17.07	27.81	28.41

Treatments	Processed coffee beans yield (kg ha^-1)
Treatments	2006	2007	2008	Average
BR (m)
1.80	4,059.00 a	619.80 ab	4,180.20 a	2,953.20 a
2.00	3,186.00 ab	519.60 b	4,086.00 ab	2,597.40 ab
2.50	2,245.20 b	291.60 b	2,715.00 c	1,750.80 c
3.00	1,873.20 b	933.60 a	3,184.80 bc	1,997.40 bc
BP (m)
0.50	3,256.20 a	595.80 a	3,932.40 a	2,595.00 a
0.70	3,057.60 a	520.20 a	3,559.20 ab	2,379.60 ab
0.80	2,748.60 a	583.80 a	3,424.80 ab	2,252.40 ab
1.00	2,302.80 a	663.60 a	3,249.60 b	2,071.80 b
Cultivars (VAR)
Obatã	3,315.00 a	508.20 a	5,445.00 a	3,088.20 a
Catuaí Vermelho	2,631.00 a	600.60 a	2,444.40 b	1,891.80 b
Tupi	2,578.80 a	665.40 a	2,735.40 b	2,011.80 b
F (BR)	12.78^ significant at 1 %.	11.11^ significant at 1 %.	13.68^ significant at 1 %.	13.99^ significant at 1 %.
F (BP)	4.34^ns ns not significant;	0.45^ns ns not significant;	4.38^ns ns not significant;	7.72^* * significant at 5 % of probability;
F (VAR)	6.2^ns ns not significant;	0.71^ns ns not significant;	38.18^ significant at 1 %.	56.29^ significant at 1 %.
F (BR ^* * significant at 5 % of probability; BP)	2.39^ns ns not significant;	0.40^ns ns not significant;	0.79^ns ns not significant;	0.86^ns ns not significant;
F (BR ^* * significant at 5 % of probability; VAR)	0.68^ns ns not significant;	1.19^ns ns not significant;	2.58^ns ns not significant;	2.25^ns ns not significant;
F (BP ^* * significant at 5 % of probability; VAR)	2.33^ns ns not significant;	1.63^ns ns not significant;	1.61^ns ns not significant;	1.52^ns ns not significant;
F (BR ^* * significant at 5 % of probability; BP ^* * significant at 5 % of probability; VAR)	0.56^ns ns not significant;	1.23^ns ns not significant;	1.31^ns ns not significant;	0.97^ns ns not significant;

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[TFN1] Means followed by the same letter in the columns do not differ significantly from each other by the Tukey test at 5 % or 1 % of significance. F = F test value for factors and interactions;

[TFN2] ^ns
not significant;

[TFN3] ^*
significant at 5 % of probability;

[TFN4] ^**
significant at 1 %.