Evaluating breeding strategies in lima bean for northeastern Brazil

Costa, Guilherme Alexandre Luz da; Candido, Willame dos Santos; Silva, Verônica Brito da; Medeiros, Artur Mendes; Nunes, José Airton Rodrigues; Lopes, Ângela Celis de Almeida; Gomes, Regina Lucia Ferreira

doi:10.1590/1983-40632025v5582174

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Special Supplement: Pulses • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 55 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632025v5582174 linkcopy

Evaluating breeding strategies in lima bean for northeastern Brazil

Avaliação de estratégias de melhoramento de feijão-fava para o Nordeste brasileiro

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) is a socioeconomically significant crop in the Northeast region of Brazil, providing income and food security. This study aimed to evaluate the breeding strategy of the lima bean breeding program at the Universidade Federal do Piauí by estimating genetic parameters, analyzing agronomic trait relationships and predicting genetic gains. Six breeding populations were assessed, and 13 agronomic traits were evaluated. The estimated heritabilities (h²) were high, indicating favorable conditions for selection. The correlation coefficients indicated strong associations among most traits, particularly those related to pods and seeds. These findings indicate that the simultaneous improvement of multiple traits is unfeasible under the current breeding framework, as with any other breeding program. Thus, it is essential to prioritize selection targets such as cycle and quality of pods and seed. The H01 population was notable because of its short cycle and white-seeded phenotype, both being desirable traits for breeding. The H81 and H94 populations also showed potential, exhibiting commercially relevant traits such as large seed size and high 100-seed weight.

KEYWORDS:
Phaseolus lunatus L.; plant breeding; agronomic evaluation

Population	Seed color	Female parent	Origin	Male parent	Origin
H01	White	G25236	Argentina	UC 92	United States
H25	Light brown	UFPI 628	Brazil	G25236	Argentina
H46	Cream	UFPI 728	Brazil	UC HASKELL	United States
H50	Light brown	UFPI 628	Brazil	UFPI 728	Brazil
H81	Dark brown	UC 92	United States	UFPI 628	Brazil
H86	Light brown	UFPI 728	Brazil	UFPI 628	Brazil
H94	Light brown	UC 92	United States	UFPI 728	Brazil

Traits	F₃							F₄
Traits	Mean	H1	H25	H46	H81	H94	H5086	Mean	H1	H25	H46	H81	H94	H5086
NDF	38.08	-6.49	2.91	6.51	-5.11	-0.83	3.01	58.54	-9.46	-1.01	16.64	-7.01	-0.11	0.95
NDM	114.36	-27.48	9.89	10.62	-10.85	14.42	3.38	178.68	-29.06	3.81	9.81	4.44	2.12	8.87
NPP	27.77	-18.79	3.76	7.11	-12.62	-3.34	23.88	23.38	1.74	1.09	-2.71	-0.17	0.91	-0.85
PH	27.01	-1.88	-1.80	7.50	-2.91	-2.35	1.46	34.10	-0.45	-0.79	2.94	-1.36	1.06	-1.39
PL	58.82	-0.33	-3.39	0.88	5.35	0.65	-3.17	55.99	-0.17	-0.02	1.82	3.84	-2.74	-2.72
PW	15.30	0.28	-1.81	0.23	1.80	1.18	-1.68	15.26	-0.16	-0.44	0.89	1.05	-0.64	-0.69
PT	8.08	0.01	-0.01	-0.01	-0.01	0.04	-0.04	7.58	-0.05	-0.16	0.17	0.05	0.01	-0.01
NLP	2.45	-0.06	0.13	0.02	-0.11	-0.09	0.11	2.56	-0.01	-0.01	0.05	0.11	-0.07	-0.07
NSP	2.02	-0.21	0.24	0.21	-0.17	-0.26	0.21	1.69	-0.13	0.12	0.16	-0.06	-0.11	0.02
SL	11.75	0.86	-0.99	-0.76	0.69	1.03	-0.82	10.83	0.57	-0.31	-0.46	0.34	0.16	-0.31
SW	8.01	0.38	-0.44	-0.34	0.31	0.45	-0.36	7.72	0.19	-0.14	-0.18	0.10	0.09	-0.06
ST	5.03	-0.62	-0.06	0.35	0.19	0.12	0.02	5.35	0.17	-0.46	-0.45	0.34	0.45	-0.06
100SW	31.08	-1.10	-4.86	-2.50	5.31	7.56	-4.40	26.52	-0.02	0.21	0.35	-0.14	-0.27	-0.11

Traits	F₃					F₄
Traits	σ ² _G	σ ² _B	σ ² _E	h²	∆G	σ ² _G	σ ² _B	σ ² _E	h²	∆G
NDF	26.14	1.30	15.55	0.89	-7.97	86.33	1.41	56.01	0.81	-98.87
NDM	261.70	8.63	40.84	0.96	-27.43	226.13	7.76	309.65	0.68	-133.18
NPP	165.23	0.00	1,006.03	0.45	10.20	0.47	0.00	110.37	0.01	0.11
PH	18.48	18.50	72.07	0.51	3.82	6.17	1.97	48.03	0.27	8.73
PL	40.49	0.00	22.52	0.69	29.47	6.33	0.00	17.50	0.52	17.04
PW	2.16	0.00	0.51	0.95	18.24	0.71	0.00	0.41	0.83	9.09
PT	0.02	0.06	0.66	0.14	0.28	0.02	0.00	0.39	0.14	0.27
NLP	0.02	0.01	0.06	0.61	1.21	0.01	0.00	0.06	0.36	0.51
NSP	0.05	0.00	0.07	0.78	2.32	0.02	0.00	0.07	0.51	1.11
SL	0.62	0.00	0.45	0.87	8.93	0.14	0.01	0.07	0.81	4.24
SW	0.13	0.01	0.17	0.78	3.83	0.02	0.00	0.03	0.61	1.16
ST	0.11	0.01	0.08	0.85	3.83	0.01	0.00	0.08	0.10	0.08
100SW	26.11	4.93	15.51	0.86	57.43	5.55	0.00	3.46	0.82	25.36

Traits	r	NDM	NPP	PH	PL	PW	PT	NLP	NSP	SL	SW	ST	100SW
NDF	rG	0.76*	0.98*	0.76*	-0.64*	-0.59*	-0.06	0.94*	0.93*	-0.91*	-0.93*	0.66*	-0.55*
	rE	-0.16	-0.15	0.09	-0.10	0.35*	-0.16	-0.16	-0.13	0.07	0.08	-0.01	0.87*
	rP	0.51*	0.20	0.31*	-0.36*	-0.41*	-0.06	0.40*	0.32*	-0.59*	-0.45*	0.32*	-0.21
NDM	rG		0.76*	0.36*	-0.32*	-0.25*	0.42*	0.73	0.55*	-0.51*	-0.51*	0.85*	-0.11
	rE		-0.05	0.12	0.05	-0.03	-0.24	-0.03	-0.03	-0.12	-0.29	-0.40*	-0.24
	rP		0.24	0.18	-0.16	-0.22	0.04	0.24	0.25	-0.37*	-0.30	0.27*	-0.11
NPP	rG			0.83*	-0.68*	-0.60*	-0.08	0.85*	0.98*	-0.98*	-0.99*	0.56*	-0.68*
	rE			0.29	0.26	-0.07	0.15	0.22	0.77*	0.14	0.73	0.30*	0.08
	rP			0.37*	0.01	-0.26	0.12	0.32	0.75*	-0.26	-0.32*	0.36*	-0.16
PH	rG				-0.18	-0.13	-0.21	0.49*	0.61*	-0.59*	-0.66*	0.52*	-0.50*
	rE				0.47*	0.37*	-0.06	0.19	0.19	0.24	0.15	-0.11	-0.13
	rP				0.29*	0.11	-0.07	0.24	0.28	-0.08	-0.08	0.06	-0.28*
PL	rG					0.99*	-0.03	-0.72*	-0.82*	0.70*	0.77*	0.17	0.93*
	rE					0.98*	0.41*	0.64*	-0.82*	0.51*	0.47*	0.14	0.24
	rP					0.88*	0.34*	0.34	0.20	0.56*	0.57*	0.15	0.58*
PW	rG						0.05	-0.73*	-0.82*	0.78*	0.78*	0.16	0.88*
	rE						0.34*	0.56*	-0.82*	0.62*	0.47*	0.01	0.50*
	rP						0.18	0.04	-0.12	0.72*	0.62*	0.08	0.73*
PT	rG							-0.19	-0.08	0.26*	0.19	-0.28*	0.23
	rE							0.28	-0.08	0.61*	0.66*	0.81*	0.61*
	rP							0.23	0.19	0.42*	0.52*	0.62*	0.43*
NLP	rG								0.96*	-0.02	0.01	0.14	-0.21
	rE								0.95*	-0.47*	-0.32	0.28*	-0.20
	rP								0.92*	-0.83*	-0.99*	0.36*	-0.87*
NSP	rG									-0.99*	-0.99*	0.35*	-0.65*
	rE									-0.24	-0.22	-0.06	-0.14
	rP									-0.67*	-0.53*	0.12	-0.40*
SL	rG										0.99*	-0.39*	0.94*
	rE										0.98*	0.52*	0.78*
	rP										0.95*	0.35*	0.86*
SW	rG											-0.38*	0.95*
	rE											0.52*	0.75*
	rP											0.25*	0.82*
ST	rG												0.16
	rE												0.51*
	rP												0.33*

Traits	r	NDM	NPP	PH	PL	PW	PT	NLP	NSP	SL	SW	ST	100SW
NDF	rG	0.58*	0.54*	0.99*	0.28	0.71*	0.91*	0.78*	0.53*	-0.73*	-0.77*	0.58*	-0.65*
	rE	-0.12	0.64*	0.90*	0.72*	0.81*	0.39*	0.43*	0.31*	0.29*	0.28*	0.39*	-0.35*
	rP	0.23	0.81*	0.76*	0.29*	0.59*	0.36*	0.25	0.26	-0.37*	-0.20	0.16	-0.43*
NDM	rG		0.62*	0.86*	0.01	0.31*	-0.03	0.62*	0.31*	-0.96*	-0.74*	-0.55*	-0.60*
	rE		0.58*	0.09	0.93*	0.77*	0.89*	0.52*	0.56*	0.59*	0.75*	0.59*	0.41*
	rP		0.86*	0.28*	0.29*	0.41*	0.28*	0.35*	0.25*	-0.21	0.01	0.01	-0.09
NPP	rG			-0.75*	-0.50*	-0.65*	-0.91*	-0.35*	0.06	-0.88*	-0.82*	-0.70*	0.79*
	rE			0.93*	0.99*	0.93*	0.90*	0.81*	0.81*	0.87*	0.82*	0.82*	0.98*
	rP			0.69*	0.85*	0.49*	0.64*	0.69*	0.75*	0.68*	0.72*	0.73*	0.64*
PH	rG				0.29*	0.11	-0.07	0.24	0.28*	-0.08	-0.08	0.06	-0.28*
	rE				0.41*	0.79*	0.89*	0.82*	0.58*	-0.79*	-0.85*	0.66*	-0.51*
	rP				0.90*	0.87*	0.57*	0.42*	0.32*	0.60*	0.75*	0.55*	0.68*
PL	rG					0.77*	0.17*	0.52*	0.62*	0.06	-0.42*	0.96*	-0.08
	rE					0.95*	0.73*	0.90*	0.92*	0.94*	0.88*	0.84*	0.73*
	rP					0.87*	0.56*	0.62*	0.66*	0.54*	0.41*	0.64*	0.33*
PW	rG						0.74*	0.47*	0.33	-0.13	-0.34*	0.98*	0.01
	rE						0.64*	0.65*	0.70*	0.91*	0.90*	0.85*	0.48*
	rP						0.61*	0.42*	0.42*	0.24*	0.26*	0.54*	0.26*
PT	rG							0.43*	0.20	-0.46*	-0.60*	0.81*	-0.31*
	rE							0.44*	0.64*	0.97*	0.99*	0.96*	0.96*
	rP							0.44*	0.53*	0.65*	0.79*	0.94*	0.61*
NLP	rG								0.92*	-0.83*	-0.99*	0.36*	-0.87*
	rE								0.97*	0.51*	0.41*	0.44*	-0.82*
	rP								0.95*	0.28	0.29*	0.43*	-0.74*
NSP	rG									-0.71*	-0.94*	-0.29*	-0.88*
	rE									0.64*	0.57*	0.98*	0.61*
	rP									0.09	0.11	0.39*	-0.36*
SL	rG										0.86*	-0.29*	0.96*
	rE										0.98*	0.99*	0.98*
	rP										0.96*	0.91*	0.85*
SW	rG											-0.70*	0.96*
	rE											0.98*	0.97*
	rP											0.94*	0.77*
ST	rG												0.33*
	rE												-0.48*
	rP												0.98*

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[tn1] NDF: number of days to the beginning of flowering; NDM: number of days to maturity; PH: plant height; NPP: number of pods per plant; PL: pod length; PW: pod width; PT: pod thickness; NLP: number of locules per pod; NSP: number of seeds per pod; SL: seed length; SW: seed width; ST: seed thickness; 100SW: 100-seed weight.