Avaliação de estratégias de melhoramento de feijão-fava para o Nordeste brasileiro

Costa, Guilherme Alexandre Luz da; Candido, Willame dos Santos; Silva, Verônica Brito da; Medeiros, Artur Mendes; Nunes, José Airton Rodrigues; Lopes, Ângela Celis de Almeida; Gomes, Regina Lucia Ferreira

doi:10.1590/1983-40632025v5582174

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Special Supplement: Pulses • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 55 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632025v5582174 linkcopiar

Avaliação de estratégias de melhoramento de feijão-fava para o Nordeste brasileiro

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

O feijão-fava (Phaseolus lunatus L.) é uma cultura de relevância socioeconômica para o Nordeste brasileiro, proporcionando segurança alimentar e renda. Objetivou-se avaliar a estratégia adotada pelo programa de melhoramento de feijão-fava da Universidade Federal do Piauí, estimando parâmetros genéticos, análise das relações entre características agronômicas e predição de ganhos genéticos. Seis populações de melhoramento foram avaliadas, sendo analisadas 13 características agronômicas. As herdabilidades (h²) estimadas foram elevadas, indicando condições favoráveis à seleção. Os coeficientes de correlação evidenciaram fortes associações entre a maioria das características, sobretudo aquelas relacionadas a vagens e sementes. Estes resultados indicam que o aprimoramento simultâneo de múltiplas características é impraticável na estrutura atual do programa, assim como em qualquer outro programa de melhoramento, sendo, portanto, essencial a priorização de alvos de seleção, como ciclo e qualidade de vagens e sementes. A população H01 destacou-se pelo ciclo reduzido e sementes brancas, ambas características desejáveis para o melhoramento. As populações H81 e H94 também demonstraram potencial, exibindo características de interesse comercial como elevado tamanho de sementes e peso de 100 sementes.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE:
Phaseolus lunatus L.; melhoramento genético; avaliação agronômica

Population	Seed color	Female parent	Origin	Male parent	Origin
H01	White	G25236	Argentina	UC 92	United States
H25	Light brown	UFPI 628	Brazil	G25236	Argentina
H46	Cream	UFPI 728	Brazil	UC HASKELL	United States
H50	Light brown	UFPI 628	Brazil	UFPI 728	Brazil
H81	Dark brown	UC 92	United States	UFPI 628	Brazil
H86	Light brown	UFPI 728	Brazil	UFPI 628	Brazil
H94	Light brown	UC 92	United States	UFPI 728	Brazil

Traits	F₃							F₄
Traits	Mean	H1	H25	H46	H81	H94	H5086	Mean	H1	H25	H46	H81	H94	H5086
NDF	38.08	-6.49	2.91	6.51	-5.11	-0.83	3.01	58.54	-9.46	-1.01	16.64	-7.01	-0.11	0.95
NDM	114.36	-27.48	9.89	10.62	-10.85	14.42	3.38	178.68	-29.06	3.81	9.81	4.44	2.12	8.87
NPP	27.77	-18.79	3.76	7.11	-12.62	-3.34	23.88	23.38	1.74	1.09	-2.71	-0.17	0.91	-0.85
PH	27.01	-1.88	-1.80	7.50	-2.91	-2.35	1.46	34.10	-0.45	-0.79	2.94	-1.36	1.06	-1.39
PL	58.82	-0.33	-3.39	0.88	5.35	0.65	-3.17	55.99	-0.17	-0.02	1.82	3.84	-2.74	-2.72
PW	15.30	0.28	-1.81	0.23	1.80	1.18	-1.68	15.26	-0.16	-0.44	0.89	1.05	-0.64	-0.69
PT	8.08	0.01	-0.01	-0.01	-0.01	0.04	-0.04	7.58	-0.05	-0.16	0.17	0.05	0.01	-0.01
NLP	2.45	-0.06	0.13	0.02	-0.11	-0.09	0.11	2.56	-0.01	-0.01	0.05	0.11	-0.07	-0.07
NSP	2.02	-0.21	0.24	0.21	-0.17	-0.26	0.21	1.69	-0.13	0.12	0.16	-0.06	-0.11	0.02
SL	11.75	0.86	-0.99	-0.76	0.69	1.03	-0.82	10.83	0.57	-0.31	-0.46	0.34	0.16	-0.31
SW	8.01	0.38	-0.44	-0.34	0.31	0.45	-0.36	7.72	0.19	-0.14	-0.18	0.10	0.09	-0.06
ST	5.03	-0.62	-0.06	0.35	0.19	0.12	0.02	5.35	0.17	-0.46	-0.45	0.34	0.45	-0.06
100SW	31.08	-1.10	-4.86	-2.50	5.31	7.56	-4.40	26.52	-0.02	0.21	0.35	-0.14	-0.27	-0.11

Traits	F₃					F₄
Traits	σ ² _G	σ ² _B	σ ² _E	h²	∆G	σ ² _G	σ ² _B	σ ² _E	h²	∆G
NDF	26.14	1.30	15.55	0.89	-7.97	86.33	1.41	56.01	0.81	-98.87
NDM	261.70	8.63	40.84	0.96	-27.43	226.13	7.76	309.65	0.68	-133.18
NPP	165.23	0.00	1,006.03	0.45	10.20	0.47	0.00	110.37	0.01	0.11
PH	18.48	18.50	72.07	0.51	3.82	6.17	1.97	48.03	0.27	8.73
PL	40.49	0.00	22.52	0.69	29.47	6.33	0.00	17.50	0.52	17.04
PW	2.16	0.00	0.51	0.95	18.24	0.71	0.00	0.41	0.83	9.09
PT	0.02	0.06	0.66	0.14	0.28	0.02	0.00	0.39	0.14	0.27
NLP	0.02	0.01	0.06	0.61	1.21	0.01	0.00	0.06	0.36	0.51
NSP	0.05	0.00	0.07	0.78	2.32	0.02	0.00	0.07	0.51	1.11
SL	0.62	0.00	0.45	0.87	8.93	0.14	0.01	0.07	0.81	4.24
SW	0.13	0.01	0.17	0.78	3.83	0.02	0.00	0.03	0.61	1.16
ST	0.11	0.01	0.08	0.85	3.83	0.01	0.00	0.08	0.10	0.08
100SW	26.11	4.93	15.51	0.86	57.43	5.55	0.00	3.46	0.82	25.36

Traits	r	NDM	NPP	PH	PL	PW	PT	NLP	NSP	SL	SW	ST	100SW
NDF	rG	0.76*	0.98*	0.76*	-0.64*	-0.59*	-0.06	0.94*	0.93*	-0.91*	-0.93*	0.66*	-0.55*
	rE	-0.16	-0.15	0.09	-0.10	0.35*	-0.16	-0.16	-0.13	0.07	0.08	-0.01	0.87*
	rP	0.51*	0.20	0.31*	-0.36*	-0.41*	-0.06	0.40*	0.32*	-0.59*	-0.45*	0.32*	-0.21
NDM	rG		0.76*	0.36*	-0.32*	-0.25*	0.42*	0.73	0.55*	-0.51*	-0.51*	0.85*	-0.11
	rE		-0.05	0.12	0.05	-0.03	-0.24	-0.03	-0.03	-0.12	-0.29	-0.40*	-0.24
	rP		0.24	0.18	-0.16	-0.22	0.04	0.24	0.25	-0.37*	-0.30	0.27*	-0.11
NPP	rG			0.83*	-0.68*	-0.60*	-0.08	0.85*	0.98*	-0.98*	-0.99*	0.56*	-0.68*
	rE			0.29	0.26	-0.07	0.15	0.22	0.77*	0.14	0.73	0.30*	0.08
	rP			0.37*	0.01	-0.26	0.12	0.32	0.75*	-0.26	-0.32*	0.36*	-0.16
PH	rG				-0.18	-0.13	-0.21	0.49*	0.61*	-0.59*	-0.66*	0.52*	-0.50*
	rE				0.47*	0.37*	-0.06	0.19	0.19	0.24	0.15	-0.11	-0.13
	rP				0.29*	0.11	-0.07	0.24	0.28	-0.08	-0.08	0.06	-0.28*
PL	rG					0.99*	-0.03	-0.72*	-0.82*	0.70*	0.77*	0.17	0.93*
	rE					0.98*	0.41*	0.64*	-0.82*	0.51*	0.47*	0.14	0.24
	rP					0.88*	0.34*	0.34	0.20	0.56*	0.57*	0.15	0.58*
PW	rG						0.05	-0.73*	-0.82*	0.78*	0.78*	0.16	0.88*
	rE						0.34*	0.56*	-0.82*	0.62*	0.47*	0.01	0.50*
	rP						0.18	0.04	-0.12	0.72*	0.62*	0.08	0.73*
PT	rG							-0.19	-0.08	0.26*	0.19	-0.28*	0.23
	rE							0.28	-0.08	0.61*	0.66*	0.81*	0.61*
	rP							0.23	0.19	0.42*	0.52*	0.62*	0.43*
NLP	rG								0.96*	-0.02	0.01	0.14	-0.21
	rE								0.95*	-0.47*	-0.32	0.28*	-0.20
	rP								0.92*	-0.83*	-0.99*	0.36*	-0.87*
NSP	rG									-0.99*	-0.99*	0.35*	-0.65*
	rE									-0.24	-0.22	-0.06	-0.14
	rP									-0.67*	-0.53*	0.12	-0.40*
SL	rG										0.99*	-0.39*	0.94*
	rE										0.98*	0.52*	0.78*
	rP										0.95*	0.35*	0.86*
SW	rG											-0.38*	0.95*
	rE											0.52*	0.75*
	rP											0.25*	0.82*
ST	rG												0.16
	rE												0.51*
	rP												0.33*

Traits	r	NDM	NPP	PH	PL	PW	PT	NLP	NSP	SL	SW	ST	100SW
NDF	rG	0.58*	0.54*	0.99*	0.28	0.71*	0.91*	0.78*	0.53*	-0.73*	-0.77*	0.58*	-0.65*
	rE	-0.12	0.64*	0.90*	0.72*	0.81*	0.39*	0.43*	0.31*	0.29*	0.28*	0.39*	-0.35*
	rP	0.23	0.81*	0.76*	0.29*	0.59*	0.36*	0.25	0.26	-0.37*	-0.20	0.16	-0.43*
NDM	rG		0.62*	0.86*	0.01	0.31*	-0.03	0.62*	0.31*	-0.96*	-0.74*	-0.55*	-0.60*
	rE		0.58*	0.09	0.93*	0.77*	0.89*	0.52*	0.56*	0.59*	0.75*	0.59*	0.41*
	rP		0.86*	0.28*	0.29*	0.41*	0.28*	0.35*	0.25*	-0.21	0.01	0.01	-0.09
NPP	rG			-0.75*	-0.50*	-0.65*	-0.91*	-0.35*	0.06	-0.88*	-0.82*	-0.70*	0.79*
	rE			0.93*	0.99*	0.93*	0.90*	0.81*	0.81*	0.87*	0.82*	0.82*	0.98*
	rP			0.69*	0.85*	0.49*	0.64*	0.69*	0.75*	0.68*	0.72*	0.73*	0.64*
PH	rG				0.29*	0.11	-0.07	0.24	0.28*	-0.08	-0.08	0.06	-0.28*
	rE				0.41*	0.79*	0.89*	0.82*	0.58*	-0.79*	-0.85*	0.66*	-0.51*
	rP				0.90*	0.87*	0.57*	0.42*	0.32*	0.60*	0.75*	0.55*	0.68*
PL	rG					0.77*	0.17*	0.52*	0.62*	0.06	-0.42*	0.96*	-0.08
	rE					0.95*	0.73*	0.90*	0.92*	0.94*	0.88*	0.84*	0.73*
	rP					0.87*	0.56*	0.62*	0.66*	0.54*	0.41*	0.64*	0.33*
PW	rG						0.74*	0.47*	0.33	-0.13	-0.34*	0.98*	0.01
	rE						0.64*	0.65*	0.70*	0.91*	0.90*	0.85*	0.48*
	rP						0.61*	0.42*	0.42*	0.24*	0.26*	0.54*	0.26*
PT	rG							0.43*	0.20	-0.46*	-0.60*	0.81*	-0.31*
	rE							0.44*	0.64*	0.97*	0.99*	0.96*	0.96*
	rP							0.44*	0.53*	0.65*	0.79*	0.94*	0.61*
NLP	rG								0.92*	-0.83*	-0.99*	0.36*	-0.87*
	rE								0.97*	0.51*	0.41*	0.44*	-0.82*
	rP								0.95*	0.28	0.29*	0.43*	-0.74*
NSP	rG									-0.71*	-0.94*	-0.29*	-0.88*
	rE									0.64*	0.57*	0.98*	0.61*
	rP									0.09	0.11	0.39*	-0.36*
SL	rG										0.86*	-0.29*	0.96*
	rE										0.98*	0.99*	0.98*
	rP										0.96*	0.91*	0.85*
SW	rG											-0.70*	0.96*
	rE											0.98*	0.97*
	rP											0.94*	0.77*
ST	rG												0.33*
	rE												-0.48*
	rP												0.98*

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[tn1] NDF: number of days to the beginning of flowering; NDM: number of days to maturity; PH: plant height; NPP: number of pods per plant; PL: pod length; PW: pod width; PT: pod thickness; NLP: number of locules per pod; NSP: number of seeds per pod; SL: seed length; SW: seed width; ST: seed thickness; 100SW: 100-seed weight.