A new species of <i>Asphondylia</i> (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and a key to separate species of the genus associated with Asteraceae from Neotropical region

A new species, Asphondylia cipo sp. nov. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) causing stem and petiole galls on Lessingianthus warmingianus (Baker) H. Rob. (Asteraceae) is described and illustrated from Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. A key is provided to separate species of this genus associated with host plants in the Asteraceae family from the Neotropical region.

Key-Words
Asphondyliini; Insect-plant association; Morphology; Taxonomy

Authorship

Maria Virginia Urso-Guimarães ³3E-mail: mvirginiaurso@gmail.com

Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR), Centro de Ciências Humanas e Biológicas (CCHB), Departamento de Biologia (DBio),Laboratório de Sistemática de Diptera. Sorocaba, SP, Brasil.Universidade Federal de São CarlosBrazilSorocaba, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR), Centro de Ciências Humanas e Biológicas (CCHB), Departamento de Biologia (DBio),Laboratório de Sistemática de Diptera. Sorocaba, SP, Brasil.

Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Museu de Zoologia (MZUSP). São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Universidade de São PauloBrazilSão Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade de São Paulo (USP), Museu de Zoologia (MZUSP). São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3657-9379

³E-mail: mvirginiaurso@gmail.com

2
Edited by: Carlos José Enicker Lamas

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures

Figures (8)

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Figure 1
Asphondylia cipo sp. nov. (A) Head in frontal view; (B) Male 3^rd flagellomere; (C) Female 3^rd flagellomere; (D) Male 9^th-12^th flagellomeres; (E) Female 9^th-12^th flagellomeres; (F) Palpus; (G) First tarsomere with apicoventral spur; (H) Foretarsal claw and empodium; (I) Midtarsal claw and empodium; (J) Foretarsal claw and empodium.

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Figure 2
Asphondylia cipo sp. nov. (A, B) Male abdomen in lateral view; (C, D) Male terminalia in dorsal view. Abbreviations: ce = cercus, gc = gonocoxite, gs = gonostyle, hy = hypoproct, s7 = sternite 7, th = teeth of gonostyle.

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Figure 3
Asphondylia cipo sp. nov. (A, B) Abdominal segments 7 and 8 and ovipositor in ventro-lateral view. Abbreviation: cl = cercilike lobes.

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Figure 4
Asphondylia cipo sp. nov. (A, B) Pupa in ventral view; (C) Posterior region of pupa in dorsal view; (D) Prothoracic spiracle and the accessory structure.

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Figure 5
Asphondylia cipo sp. nov. (A) Larval spatula and lateral papillae in ventral view; (B) Larval eighth and terminal segment with terminal papillae, in dorsal view; (C) Larval terminal segment with elongated cells around anus, in terminal-dorsal view. Abbreviations: ilp = inner lateral papillae; olp = outer lateral papillae; tp = terminal papillae.

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Figure 6
Stem and petiole galls induced by Asphondylia cipo sp. nov. in Lessingianthus warmingianus (Baker) H. Rob. (Asteraceae). Arrow indicates a petiole gall.

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Figure 7
Relative size of inner and outer teeth of the larval prothoracic spatula of Asphondylia species associated with Asteraceae in Neotropical region. (A, B) Inner teeth approximately equal in size as outer, (A) Asphondylia salvadorensis, (B) A. corbulae; (C, D, E) Inner teeth reach at least ½ of outer teeth, (C) Inner incision absent, A. moheni, (D) Inner incision deep and narrow, A. caleae, (E) Inner incision shallow, A. trixidis; (F) Inner teeth of spatula minute, inner incision flat and wide, A. ulei. Figures 7A, 7D, 7E modified from Möhn (1959Möhn, E. 1959. Gallmücken (Diptera, Itonididae) aus El Salvador. 1. Teil. Senckenbergiana Biologica, 40: 297-368.), 7B from Möhn (1960Möhn, E. 1960. Gallmücken (Diptera, Itonididae) aus El Salvador. 2. Teil. Senckenbergiana Biologica, 41: 197-240.); 7C, 7F from Möhn (1973Möhn, E. 1973. Studien über neotropische Gallmücken (Diptera, Itonididae). 2. Teil. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, 257: 1-9.).

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Figure 8
Terminal segment of Asphondylia species. (A) Asphondylia glomerata, (B) A. ajjalai, (C) A. salvadorensis, (D) A. ulei, (E) A. gochnatiae, (F) A. serrata. Figure 8A modified from Gagné et al. (2001Gagné, R.J.; Oda, R.A.M. & Monteiro, R.E. 2001. The gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Mikania glomerata (Asteraceae) in Southeastern Brazil. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 103: 110-134.), 8B, 8C from Möhn (1959Möhn, E. 1959. Gallmücken (Diptera, Itonididae) aus El Salvador. 1. Teil. Senckenbergiana Biologica, 40: 297-368.), 8D from Möhn (1973), 8E from Maia (2004Maia, V.C. 2004. A new genus and six new species of gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from Serra de São José (Minas Gerais State), Brazil). Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 62: 69-82.).

Figure 1 Asphondylia cipo sp. nov. (A) Head in frontal view; (B) Male 3^rd flagellomere; (C) Female 3^rd flagellomere; (D) Male 9^th-12^th flagellomeres; (E) Female 9^th-12^th flagellomeres; (F) Palpus; (G) First tarsomere with apicoventral spur; (H) Foretarsal claw and empodium; (I) Midtarsal claw and empodium; (J) Foretarsal claw and empodium.

Figure 2 Asphondylia cipo sp. nov. (A, B) Male abdomen in lateral view; (C, D) Male terminalia in dorsal view. Abbreviations: ce = cercus, gc = gonocoxite, gs = gonostyle, hy = hypoproct, s7 = sternite 7, th = teeth of gonostyle.

Figure 3 Asphondylia cipo sp. nov. (A, B) Abdominal segments 7 and 8 and ovipositor in ventro-lateral view. Abbreviation: cl = cercilike lobes.

Figure 4 Asphondylia cipo sp. nov. (A, B) Pupa in ventral view; (C) Posterior region of pupa in dorsal view; (D) Prothoracic spiracle and the accessory structure.

Figure 5 Asphondylia cipo sp. nov. (A) Larval spatula and lateral papillae in ventral view; (B) Larval eighth and terminal segment with terminal papillae, in dorsal view; (C) Larval terminal segment with elongated cells around anus, in terminal-dorsal view. Abbreviations: ilp = inner lateral papillae; olp = outer lateral papillae; tp = terminal papillae.

Figure 6 Stem and petiole galls induced by Asphondylia cipo sp. nov. in Lessingianthus warmingianus (Baker) H. Rob. (Asteraceae). Arrow indicates a petiole gall.

Figure 7 Relative size of inner and outer teeth of the larval prothoracic spatula of Asphondylia species associated with Asteraceae in Neotropical region. (A, B) Inner teeth approximately equal in size as outer, (A) Asphondylia salvadorensis, (B) A. corbulae; (C, D, E) Inner teeth reach at least ½ of outer teeth, (C) Inner incision absent, A. moheni, (D) Inner incision deep and narrow, A. caleae, (E) Inner incision shallow, A. trixidis; (F) Inner teeth of spatula minute, inner incision flat and wide, A. ulei. Figures 7A, 7D, 7E modified from Möhn (1959Möhn, E. 1959. Gallmücken (Diptera, Itonididae) aus El Salvador. 1. Teil. Senckenbergiana Biologica, 40: 297-368.), 7B from Möhn (1960Möhn, E. 1960. Gallmücken (Diptera, Itonididae) aus El Salvador. 2. Teil. Senckenbergiana Biologica, 41: 197-240.); 7C, 7F from Möhn (1973Möhn, E. 1973. Studien über neotropische Gallmücken (Diptera, Itonididae). 2. Teil. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, 257: 1-9.).

Figure 8 Terminal segment of Asphondylia species. (A) Asphondylia glomerata, (B) A. ajjalai, (C) A. salvadorensis, (D) A. ulei, (E) A. gochnatiae, (F) A. serrata. Figure 8A modified from **Gagné et al. (2001Gagné, R.J.; Oda, R.A.M. & Monteiro, R.E. 2001. The gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Mikania glomerata (Asteraceae) in Southeastern Brazil. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 103: 110-134.), 8B, 8C from Möhn (1959Möhn, E. 1959. Gallmücken (Diptera, Itonididae) aus El Salvador. 1. Teil. Senckenbergiana Biologica, 40: 297-368.), 8D from Möhn (1973), 8E from Maia (2004**Maia, V.C. 2004. A new genus and six new species of gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from Serra de São José (Minas Gerais State), Brazil). Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 62: 69-82.).

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Métricas

A new species of <i>Asphondylia</i> (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and a key to separate species of the genus associated with Asteraceae from Neotropical region

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[1] ³E-mail: mvirginiaurso@gmail.com