UrUleskia Townsend (dipTera, Tachinidae): redescripTion of The Type-species, descripTion of new species and key To idenTificaTion

The unique species of Uruleskia Townsend, 1934 (Diptera, Tachinidae) – U. aurescens Townsend, 1934 – is recorded only from Brazil. Its holotype and paratypes are herein redescribed with illustration of male terminalia. The examination of a material mainly from Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia (INPA, Manaus, Brazil) enabled the description of four new species – Uruleskia alba sp. nov., Uruleskia extremipilosa sp. nov., Uruleskia infima sp. nov. and Uruleskia parcapilosa sp. nov. A key to the identification of all five species is also presented. Key-Words: Identification key; New species; Revision; Taxonomy.


IntroductIon
Uruleskia Townsend, 1934 (Diptera, Tachinidae) is a neotropical genus of Leskiini known only from its type-species, U. aurescens Townsend.After the original description no other information was added to the knowledge of this species and genus.
The opportunity to study a copious material mainly from Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil (INPA) conducted to the description of four new species.The type material of U. aurescens was also examined and redescribed, and a key to identification for all the five species is provided.

MAterIAl And Methods
The type-material of U. aurescens examined is deposited at National Museum of Natural History, Washington, USA (USNM).All other material related to the four new species described were loaned from Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazonia, Manaus, Brazil (INPA), where the types are now deposited.Some paratypes housed in Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (MNRJ) are indicated in Material Examined.
The male terminalia were treated with potassium hidroxid (KOH 10%), neutralized with acetic acid (50%), placed through an alchoolic series (70%, 90%) and then glycerin.After this treatment they were dissected, drawn and posteriorly put into a microvial with glycerin pinned with the respective specimen.
The drawings were made with a Wild M3C stereoscopic microscopic and a Leica DMLS microscopic, both with camera lucida.
The terminology adopted in the decriptions are the same used in O'Hara (2002).
Recognition: General colour golden yellow; total length 4.0-9.0mm.Head: white with silvery or golden pruinosity; frontal vitta yellow or brown; dichoptic; eyes bare or nearly so; antenna yellow; scape erected and very close; arista slightly plumose; frontal row of setae ending a little below the level of antennal insertion; 1-4 setulae above the vibrissa; face visible on profile; proboscis medium-sized, mentum never surpassing head height; labella small; palpus similar in length with antenna (a little shorter in U. infima sp.nov.); occiput with white pruinosity, upper half black on ground colour, otherwise white; beard with white setulae.
Thorax: scutum brown with golden pruinosity; notopleurals 2; supra-alars 3, the second one the largest; postalars 2; prosternum bare; pleura yellowish on anterior half, otherwise brown, covered with white and golden pruinosity and with yellow long setulae; proepisternum with l seta, bare above; 1 proepimeral seta; katepimeron usually setulose; katepisternals 2:1; anepisternals 5-7; merals 5-11.Wing vein R 1 bare or with dorsal setulae on base, apex or on its entire extension; vein R 4+5 setulose dorsally from base to at least half way to crossvein r-m and rarely beyond it; cell r 4+5 opened just before wing apex.Legs not very long with medial surface of fore coxa entirely bare; fore femur with one anterodorsal, one posterodorsal and one posteroventral row of setae; fore tibia with 1-2 long posterior setae on middle third; hind femur with one anterodorsal row of setae and 2 posterodorsal setae on apical third; claw and pulvillus well developed in males (except in Uruleskia infima sp.nov.).
Abdomen: conic in both sexes; yellow and/or golden, median apical brown spots dorsally present or absent and usually with brownish spots laterally on T 3 to T 5 ; median marginal setae absent on T 3 ; marginal row of setae present on T 4 and T 5 .

Key to
Abdomen: T 1+2 not excavate to its hind margin; T 3 and T 4 usually with small median apical brown spots dorsally; T 4 , T 5 and rarely T 3 , with brownish spots laterally.
Female: Differs from male as follows: frons 0.25 of head width at the level of anterior ocellus; 2 pairs of proclinate orbital setae and 2 pairs of reclinate orbital setae; outer verticals more developed; palpus slightly swollen at tip.Geographic record: Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia and Goiás).
Comments: Geographical record enlarged to three other Brazilian states: Amazonas, Rondônia and Goiás.

Uruleskia alba sp. nov. (Figures 6-10)
Diagnosis: fronto-orbital plate and parafacial white; vertex gold; 9-12 pairs of frontal setae in male, 6-10 pairs in female, 2-3 pairs below the level of antennal insertion; inner vertical setae crossed, outer verticals about half length of the inners; proboscis length about 1.2 times the head height; vein R 1 setulose on apical half on dorsal surface and vein R 4+5 setulose from base almost to crossvein r-m on dorsal surface; scutellum yellowish; abdomen yellowish, usually with median apical brown spot dorsally on T 4 .
Head: (Fig. 6) white with golden pruinosity on vertex; 9-12 pairs of frontal setae, 2-3 pairs below the level of antennal insertion; ocelar setae short, similar in length with the shorter frontals; frons about 0.25 the head width at the level of anterior ocellus; inner vertical setae crossed, outer vertical setae half length of the inners; flagellomere brownish, yellowish on base; proboscis length about 1.2 times the head height; vibrissa long; 5-8 pairs of subvibrissal setulae, shorter near vibrissa; palpus yellowish.
Abdomen: yellowish; T 1+2 not excavate to its hind margin; sometimes with a median apical brown spot dorsally on T 4 .
Male terminalia: sternite 5 as described for the genus; surstyli a little longer than cerci and with a ventral row of short spines on apical half (Fig. 8); cerci abruptly curved inward at middle and very narrow apically (Fig. 9), apex slightly curved backwards; pregonite triangular in lateral view; postgonite narrow (Fig. 10).
Female: Differs from male as follows: 2 pairs of proclinate and 2 pairs of reclinate orbital setae; palpus a little swollen at tip.Geographic record: Brazil (Amazonas and Rondônia).
Derivation of specific epithet: derived from the latin word alba, in reference to the white ground colour of the head.
Comments: U. alba sp.nov. is easily recognized from the other congeneres by the white ground colour of the head and by vein R 1 setulose apically on dorsal surface.

Uruleskia extremipilosa sp. nov. (Figures 11-14)
Diagnosis: fronto-orbital plate with dense golden pruinosity and parafacial white; 10-15 pairs of long frontal setae in males 6-8 pairs in females, 1-2 pairs below the level of antennal insertion; short ocellar setae similar in length with the shorter frontals; palpus similar in length with flagellomere; proboscis 1.2 times the head height; scutum with dense golden pruinosity; wing vein R 1 setulose on apical half on dorsal surface and vein R 4+5 setulose from base to crossvein r-m on dorsal surface; scutellum yellowish with golden pruinosity; with one pair of basal setae; one pair of subapical setae and one pair of short discal setae; abdomen yellowish with brown spots laterally on T 4 and T 5 and rarely on T 3 .
Head: ground colour white; fronto-orbital plate with dense golden pruinosity; 10-15 pairs of frontal setae, 1-2 pairs below the level of antennal insertion; short ocellars setae similar in length with the shorter frontals; frons with 0.10 of head width at the level of anterior ocellus; inner verticals present, outer verticals almost indistint from the postoculars; flagellomere slightly brown, yellow on base; proboscis about 1.2 times the head height; long vibrissa; 5-8 pairs of subvibrissal setulae, shorter near vibrissa.
Abdomen: yellow; T 1+2 not excavate to its hind margin; T 4 and T 5 and rarely T 3 , with brown spots laterally.
Female: Differs from male as follows: frons with 0.25 of the head width at the level of anterior ocellus; 2 pairs of proclinate orbital setae and 2 pairs of reclinate orbital setae; outer verticals setae distinct; palpus little swolllen at tip.Geographic record: Brazil (Roraima, Amazonas and Rondônia).
Derivation of the specific epiteth: due to the presence of setulae on apical half of dorsal surface of vein R 1 .Derived from the latin word extremus, which means extremity.
Comments: recognized from the other congeneres by the golden pruinosity on fronto-orbital plate and parafacial and vein R 1 setulose on apical half on dorsal surface.

Uruleskia infima sp. nov. (Figures 15-18)
Diagnosis: one or two pairs of reclinated and 2 pairs of proclinated orbital setae in males and females; frontal vitta yellow; fronto-orbital plate and vertex gold; parafacial white; gena yellow tinged; 5-7 pairs of frontal setae, 1-2 pairs below the level of antennal insertion; short ocellar setae similar in length with the shorter frontals; inner and outer vertical setae present; palpus yellow, filiform and shorter than antenna; proboscis about 1.2 times the head height; wing vein R 1 entirely setulose on dorsal surface and vein R 4+5 setulose from base to crossvein r-m on dorsal surface; claws and pulvilli short in both sexes; scutellum yellow; with one pair of short discals; abdomen yellowish, usually with median apical brown spots dorsally on T 3 and T 4 .
Head: fronto-orbital plate and vertex gold; 5-7 pairs of frontal setae, 1-2 pairs below the level of antennal insertion; short ocellars setae similar in length with the shorter frontals; frons with 0.25 the head width at the level of anterior ocellus; inner and outer vertical setae present; flagellomere dark brown, yellow on base; gena yellow; proboscis about 1.2 times the head height (Fig. 15); vibrissa long; 4-7 pairs of subvibrissal setulae, shorter closer vibrissa; palpus yellow and filiform, little shorter than antenna.
Abdomen: yellowish; T 1+2 not excavate to its hind margin; usually with a median apical brown spot dorsally on T 3 and T 4 .
Male terminalia: sternite 5 as described for the genus; surstyli little longer than cerci and with ventral row of short spines (Fig. 17); cerci abruptly curved inward at middle and narrowed to tip (Fig. 18); pregonite triangular in lateral view; postgonite narrow in lateral view.
Derivation of the specific epiteth: due to the small size of the fly.
Comments: This species resembles the nearctic species Genea brevirostris (James), based on characteres such as: male and females with two proclinate and one reclinate pairs of orbitals; the length of the mentum, not surpassing the head height; male terminalia with cerci abruptly curved inward at middle and narrowed to tip; surstyli little longer than cercus and with short ventral spines.The hairs on dorsal surface of R1, the length of the palpus and the male terminalia can easily segregate this species from its congeners.

Uruleskia parcapilosa sp. nov. (Figures 19-21)
Diagnosis: fronto-orbital plate white with golden pruinosity near the vertex; parafacial white; 6-10 pairs of frontal setae, 1-2 pairs below the level of antennal insertion; short ocellar setae similar in length with on dorsal surface; scutellum yellowish; with one pair of basal setae; one pair of subapical setae and one pair of short discal setae; abdomen yellowish usually with small median apical brown spot laterally on T 3 to T 5 and rarely small median apical brown spot dorsally on T 3 and T4.
Head: general colour white; fronto-orbital plate white with golden pruinosity near the vertex; eyes reaching the vibrissal level; 6-10 pairs of frontal setae, 1-2 pairs below the level of antennal insertion; short ocellars similar in length with the shorter frontals; frons with 0.15 of head width at the level of the anterior ocellus; inner verticals crossed, outer verticals present; flagellomere slightly brown, yellow on base; proboscis about 1.0 time the head height; long vibrissa (Fig. 19); 5-8 pairs of subvibrissal setulae, shorter near vibrissa; palpus yellow.
Abdomen: yellow; T 1+2 not excavate to its hind margin; T 3 and T 4 rarely with small median apical brown spot dorsally; T 3 to T 5 usually with brown spots laterally.
Male terminalia: sternite 5 as described for the genus; surstyli little longer than with cerci, with short ventral spines upwards directed on apical fourth (Fig. 20); cerci narrow and abrupt curved inward at middle, tip curved backwards in lateral view (Fig. 21); pregonite triangular in lateral view and postgonite narrow in lateral view.
Derivation of the specific epiteth: due to the presence of few setulae on basal fourth of vein R 1 .
Comments: easily recognized by the presence of setulae on basal fourth of vein R 1 , and few apical spines on ventral surface of surstyli.