Annotated checklist of the millipede family Chelodesmidae Cook, 1895 from São Paulo state, Brazil (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)

Abstract

A checklist of the family Chelodesmidae Cook, 1895 (order Polydesmida) from state of São Paulo, Brazil has been performed based on literature and examined material from the collection of the Instituto Butantan, São Paulo (IBSP). A total of 15 genera (7 tribes and 5 genera considered incertae sedis) with 64 species are listed. Among these species, 30 presented a single one record in the state, 19 with more than one record and four recorded for the first time for the state of São Paulo, and 11 species occurring in other Brazilian states. The most distributed species is Brasilodesmus paulistus paulistus (Brölemann, 1902) with 52 records of occurrence. In addition, a complete bibliography list of the chelodesmidan fauna from the state is compiled, as well as distribution maps for all species are provided.

Key-Words.
Neotropical; Chelodesminae; Diversity; Atlantic forest; Cerrado

INTRODUCTION

Among the representatives of the class Diplopoda, Chelodesmidae Cook, 1895 is one of the richest families, with almost 800 described species in the order Polydesmida Pocock, 1887 (Hoffman, 1980; Shear, 2011; Pena-Barbosa et al., 2013). Members of the family has a wide range of colors, paranota (or keels) with a variety of shapes, and males with numerous and differentiable processes on the gonopods (Schubart, 1955; Hoffman, 1969, 1976; Pena-Barbosa et al., 2013; Bouzan et al., 2017).

Hoffman (1980) proposed the division of Chelodesmidae into two subfamilies, Chelodesminae Cook, 1895 for the Neotropical species, and Prepodesminae Cook, 1896 for the members from West Africa. During his lifetime, Hoffman proposed 19 tribes for Chelodesminae and only one for Prepodesminae. Among the 800 species, only 345 were assigned to tribes, in while remaining species still require new taxonomic reviews for an exact tribal designation.

Few information is known regarding the millipede fauna in general and their distribution in Brazilian territory at the moment, mainly in function of a scarcity of specialists and, consequently, of taxonomic studies about the group. In this country, the portion southeastern is one of the best-explored region in relation to the Brazilian diversity of Chelodesmidae. For this, great part of the information concerning the millipede fauna is resulted of extensive studies made by Schubart in the last century (Knysak & Martins, 1999). The state of São Paulo, where Schubart settled after his coming to the country, performed some efforts to the knowledge of faunistic composition (Schubart 1955, 1960; Lindner et al., 2012). Before him, only Brölemann (1902a) and Attems (1931) gave attention to the fauna of the state with some species described, indeed.

Thus, to promote further studies regarding Chelodesmidae from state of São Paulo, the aim of this study is to present a current list of species for the family, according to the distribution, with inclusion of new records, and richness of species in the state, as well as a relevant bibliography list of the fauna from the state is compiled.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The list of species of the Chelodesmidae from the state of São Paulo (Fig. 1) was extracted through a series of queries on associated literature. The material examined was obtained exclusively from the millipede deposited in the collection of Instituto Butantan. The list was prepared according to this structure: i) valid species name with author and the year of publication; ii) a complete chronological synonymic list with number of pages and plates/figures (if known). For this purpose, only taxonomic references were consulted; iii) type locality, types and the repository, if known; iv) records from literature; v) material examined and new records.

Figure 1
Map of the Brazil with São Paulo state highlighted in grey, and the map of the state detailed.

The material is deposited in the following institutions (curators in parentheses): FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, EUA (P. Sierwald); IBSP, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil (A.D. Brescovit); MZSP, Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (R. Pinto da Rocha); NHMW, Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, Austria; ZMH, Zoologisches Museum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany (M. Glaubrecht); ZSM, Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Germany (R. Melzer & S. Friedrich).

The list of species was organized following the respective tribes and genera. The species with no tribal designation was grouped in a single group incertae sedis. The geographical coordinates were obtained from the original literature (when provided). Species without any information about geographic coordinates were georeferenced using the geoLoc tool of speciesLink (http://splink.cria.org.br/geoloc) for the localities. Species with no exact location provided was not recorded in the maps. The maps were obtained with the ecoregions highlighted, following the indication of colours/nomenclature according to Instituto Life, 2015: i) purple - Rupestrian Grasslands (Campos Rupestres); ii) beige - Brazilian Savanna (Cerrado); iii) light pink - Alto Paraná Atlantic Forest (Floresta Atlântica Alto Paraná); iv) dark mustard - Serra do Mar Coastal Forest (Floresta Costeira da Serra do Mar); v) orange - Araucária Moist Forest (Floresta Úmida de Araucária), (Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze 1898); vi) light mustard - Ilha Grande Mangroves (Mangues da Ilha Grande).

RESULTS

Chelodesmidae Cook, 1895

Chelodesminae Cook, 1895

Tribe Arthrosolaenomeridini Hoffman, 1976 ( Fig. 2A )

Angelodesmus Schubart, 1962

AngelodesmusSchubart, 1962: 258. Type species: Angelodesmus costalimaiSchubart, 1962, by original designation and monotypy; Hoffman, 1976: 173, 1980: 151; Shelley et al., 2000: 84.

Figure 2
Distribution map of the species belonging to tribes Arthrosolaenomeridini (A) and Chelodesmini (B) from São Paulo state, Brazil.

Angelodesmus planaltensis ( Schubart, 1960 )

Arthrosolaenomeris planaltensisSchubart, 1960: 253, Figs. 1-2 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Jaci, Mirassol, 49°31’15.60”W; 20°49’02.28”S, São Paulo, Brazil).

Angelodesmus planaltensis:Hoffman, 1976: 176.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Mirassol, Jaci (49°31’15.60”W; 20°49’02.28”S), 11.i.1950, O. Schubart coll., 1♂ (Schubart, 1960); Monte Aprazível, Fazenda São José do Varjão (49°42’27.36”W; 20°46’01.22”S), 09.i.1953, O. Schubart coll., 3♀ 1 juv. (Schubart, 1960).

Tribe Chelodesmini Hoffman, 1980 ( Figs. 2A-B )

Eurydesmus de Saussure, 1860

Eurydesmus deSaussure, 1860: 335. Type species: Eurydesmus angulatus de Saussure, 1860, by monotypy; Humbert & Saussure, 1872: 55; Attems, 1899: 264; Brölemann, 1902a: 92; Carl, 1903: 544; Brölemann, 1916: 552; Attems, 1931: 53; Attems, 1938: 104; Schubart, 1945a: 78; Hoffman, 1950: 186; Schubart, 1951a: 2, 1956b: 456; Hoffman, 1971: 250; Jeekel, 1971: 262; Hoffman, 1980: 151.

ChelodesmusCook, 1895: 5. Type species: Chelodesmus marxiCook, 1895, by monotypy and original designation. Hoffman, 1950: 186 (Syn.).

PseudoeurydesmusSchubart, 1944: 361. Type species: Pseudoeurydesmus baguassuensisSchubart, 1944, by original designation; Schubart, 1953: 113, 1955: 530; Hoffman, 1971: 250 (Syn.).

PseudoeurydesmellaSchubart, 1951a: 12. Type species: Pseudoeurydesmella bellaSchubart, 1951a, by monotypy and original designation; Schubart, 1955: 530, 1956b: 456; Hoffman, 1971: 250 (Syn.).

Aneurydesmus (as subgenus of Eurydesmus) Schubart, 1956b: 456. Type species: Eurydesmus ruidusSchubart, 1945a, by original designation. Hoffman, 1971: 250 (Syn.).

Eurydesmus acutatus Schubart, 1951

Eurydesmus acutatusSchubart, 1951b: 91, Figs. 1-6 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Bairro da Vitória, Amparo, 46°46’19.18”W; 22°42’28.53”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Hoffman, 1971: 253.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Amparo, Bairro da Vitória (46°46’19.18”W; 22°42’28.53”S), 19.i.1947, J. Schubart coll., 1♀; 26.x.1948, O. Schubart coll., 1♀; 28.xii.1949, J. Schubart coll., 2♂ 3♀ (Schubart, 1951b).

Eurydesmus aguirrei (Schubart, 1945)

Pseudoeurydesmus aguirreiSchubart, 1945b: 308 Figs. 6, 7 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Poços de Caldas, 46°33’41.01”W; 21°47’12.35”S, Minas Gerais, Brazil); Schubart, 1955: 530, 1956c: 366.

Eurydesmus aguirrei:Hoffman, 1971: 253.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Monte Alegre do Sul (46°40’53.86”W; 22°41’23.66”S), x.1942, L. Travassos Filho coll., 1♂; 30-31.x.1942, no coll., 1♂ 1♀ (Schubart, 1945b); 14-16.iv.1944, no coll., 3 juv. (Schubart, 1945b).

Eurydesmus alcatrazensis (Schubart, 1945)

Pseudoeurydesmus alcatrazensisSchubart, 1945b: 310, Fig. 8 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Ilha de Alcatrazes, São Sebastião, 45°41’27.36”W; 24°06’02.34”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Schubart, 1949: 225, Schubart, 1955: 530.

Eurydesmus alcatrazensis:Hoffman, 1971: 253.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: São Sebastião, Ilha de Alcatrazes (45°41’27.36”W; 24°06’02.34”S), x.1922, H. Luederwaldt coll., 1♂; 16.ii.1948, A. Hoge coll., 2♂ 2♀ (Schubart, 1945b).

Material examined: BRAZIL. São Paulo: São Sebastião, Ilha de Alcatrazes 45°41’27.36”W; 24°06’02.34”S), 19.ii.1948, Equipe IBSP coll., 1♀ (IBSP 204).

New records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Peruíbe, Estação Ecológica Juréia/Itatins (47°04’42.79”W; 24°22’53.05”S), ii.1993, A. Eterovic coll., 1♂ 1♀ (IBSP 1189).

Eurydesmus baguassuensis ( Schubart, 1944 )

Pseudoeurydesmus baguassuensisSchubart, 1944: 362, Figs. 32-34 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Baguassu, Pirassununga, 47°25’21.85”W; 21°59’56.73”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Schubart, 1955: 530; Jeekel, 1971: 283.

Eurydesmus baguassuensis:Hoffman, 1971: 257.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Pirassununga (47°25’21.85”W; 21°59’56.73”S), 28.x.1940, O. Schubart coll., 1♂; 22-30.xii.1938, O. Schubart coll., 2 juv.; 08-10.i.1939, O. Schubart coll., 1♀ 1 juv.; 15.xi.1940, O. Schubart coll., 1♂; 31.x.1940, O. Schubart coll., 2 juv.; 06.xi.1940, O. Schubart coll., 2♀ (Schubart, 1944); Piracicaba (47°38’52.70”W; 22°44’05.66”S), 23.v.1945, J. Schubart coll., 3♂ 1 juv.; Santa Rita do Passa Quatro (47°28’45.03”W; 21°42’27.37”S), 12.xii.1948, no coll., 1♀ (Schubart, 1955).

Eurydesmus brolemanni Hoffman, 1971

Eurydesmus angulatus:Brölemann, 1902a: 93, Figs. 93-96 (Hoffman, 1971: 258, see Eurydesmus brolemanni specimens recorded from Alto da Serra now Serra de Paranapiacaba, Santo André, 46°18’59.74”W; 23°46’59.81”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Schubart, 1945a: 76, Figs. 72-73; Hoffman, 1971: 258.

Eurydesmus brolemanniHoffman, 1971: 258 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Alto da Serra (now Serra de Paranapiacaba), Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil).

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Santo André, Alto da Serra (= Serra de Paranapiacaba) (46°18’59.74”W; 23°46’59.81”S), no data, no coll., 1♂ 1 juv. (Brölemann, 1902a).

Remarks: The species Eurydesmus angulatus deSaussure was described based upon a female from an uncertain locality in Brazil (Saussure, 1860), and afterly redescribed by Attems (1898) from females taken at Rio de Janeiro and Santa Catarina states. In 1902, Brölemann determined as E. angulatus a male from São Paulo, through of non-sexual characteristics. Schubart (1945a) reinforced the male of Brölemann as E. angulatus. In the taxonomic revision of the genus, Hoffman (1971) transferred the Brölemann’s specimen to a new name E. brolemanni.

Eurydesmus lomatus ( Schubart, 1955 )

Pseudoeydesmella lomataSchubart, 1955: 530, Fig. 30 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Serra de Paranapiacaba, 46°18’59.74”W; 23°46’59.81”S, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil).

Eurydesmus lomatus:Hoffman, 1971: 258.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Santo André, Alto da Serra (= Serra de Paranapiacaba) (46°18’59.74”W; 23°46’59.81”S), ii.1925, R. Spix coll., 1♂; i.1904, H. Luederwaldt coll., 1♂; no data, no coll., 1♀ (Schubart, 1955).

New records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Guarujá, Praia do Tombo, Ilha da Moela (46°15’50.15”W; 24°02’59.34”S), 17-19.vii.2009, R.P. Indicatti and G.P. Perroni coll., 1♂ 2♀ (IBSP 3252).

Eurydesmus urbanae ( Schubart, 1960 )

Pseudoeurydesmus urbanaeSchubart, 1960: 463, Fig. 14 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Ilha de São Sebastião (= Ilhabela), 45°20’56.33”W; 23°49’51.31”S, São Paulo, Brazil).

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Ilhabela (45°20’56.33”W; 23°49’51.31”S), 25.xi.1949, H. Urban coll., 3♂ 1♀ (Schubart, 1960).

Tribe Cornalatini Hoffman, 1990 ( Fig. 3A )

Leodesmus Mauriès & Geoffroy, 2000

LeodesmusMauriès & Geoffroy, 2000: 162. Type species: Alocodesmus yporangaeSchubart, 1946, by monotypy; Trajano et al., 2000: 269.

Figure 3
Distribution map of the species belonging to tribes Cornalatini (A) and Leptodesmini (B) from São Paulo state, Brazil.

Leodesmus yporangae ( Schubart, 1946 )

Alocodesmus yporangaeSchubart, 1946: 308, Fig. 1 (Male holotype, MZSP, from cave Areias de Baixo, Iporanga, 48°42’01.65”W; 24°35’01.71”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Schubart, 1955: 513; Hoffman, 1969: 281, 1990: 31; Mauriès, 1974: 545, 546; Silhavý, 1974: 897; Pinto-da-Rocha, 1995: 103.

Leodesmus yporangae:Mauriès & Geoffroy, 2000: 162; Trajano et al., 2000: 269; ICMBio, 2016: 67.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Iporanga, Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira (PETAR), cave Areias de Baixo (48°42’01.65”W; 24°35’01.71”S), 1942, C. Pavan coll., 5♂ 7♀ (Schubart, 1946); 1942, Dreifuss/Pavan coll., 5♂ 7♀; cave Areias de Cima (48°42’01.65”W; 24°35’01.71”S), 19.ii.1951, O. Schubart coll., 6♂ 8♀; 10.xi.1982, E. Trajano coll., 1♀; 24.viii.1983, N.M. Godoy coll., 8♂; cave Água Quente (Ressurgência das Areias), (48°40’18.18”W; 24°33’45.55”S), 22.x.1983, N.M. Godoy coll., 2♂ 2♀; 29.x.1997, E.H. Santos coll., 2♂; cave Alambari de Cima (48°39’53.34”W; 24°33’18.55”S), 1984, E. Trajano coll., 1♂ 1♀; 09.iv.1990, M.C. Chamani & J.P.M. Seino coll., 1♂ (Mauriès & Geoffroy, 2000).

Material examined: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Iporanga, Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira (PETAR), (48°38’48.09”W; 24°29’10.07”S), undetermined cave, vii.1992, A. Eterovic coll., 1♂ 7♀ (IBSP 3576).

Remarks: According to the most recent Brazilian Red Book of Threatened Species of Fauna (2016), the species is the only one chelodesmidan considered as critically endangered from Brazil, occurring exclusively in the subterranean system from Vale do Ribeira (Schubart, 1946; Pinto-da-Rocha, 1995).

Obiricodesmus Schubart, 1955

ObiricodesmusSchubart, 1955: 512. Type species: Rhachidomorpha brasiliaeBrölemann, 1902a, by original designation. Schubart, 1955: 512, 1956a: 341; Jeekel, 1971: 275; Hoffman, 1980: 154, 1990: 31; Shelley et al., 2000: 93; Mauriès & Geoffroy, 2000: 153.

Obiricodesmus brasiliae (Brölemann, 1902)

Rhachidomorpha brasiliaeBrölemann, 1902a: 95, Figs. 105-110 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Piquete, 45°10’52.79”W; 22°36’48.21”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Hoffman, 1969: 281.

Rhachidomorpha bicolorBrölemann, 1902a: 98, Figs. 111-112 (Female holotype, MZSP, from Piquete (45°10’52.79”W; 22°36’48.21”S), São Paulo, Brazil).

(? Leptodesmus) brasiliae:Brölemann, 1909: 64.

Alocodesmus brasiliae:Attems, 1938: 133, Figs. 155-156.

Obiricodesmus brasiliae:Schubart, 1955: 512, Fig. 1, 1956a: 342, Fig. 1; Hoffman, 1990: 31.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Piquete (45°10’52.79”W; 22°36’48.21”S), i.1897, no coll., 1♂ (Brölemann, 1902a); Campos do Jordão (45°35’33.20”W; 22°44’34.22”S), xii.1944, F. Lane coll., 1♂ 5♀ (Schubart, 1955).

Obiricodesmus flavomaculatus Schubart, 1956

Obiricodesmus flavomaculatusSchubart, 1956a: 343, Fig. 3 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Morro do Jaraguá, 46°45’54.46”W; 23°27’29.67”S, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil); Hoffman, 1990: 34.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: São Paulo, Morro do Jaraguá 46°45’54.46”W; 23°27’29.67”S), 04.xii.1949, O. Schubart coll., 1♂; São Sebastião (45°24’06.05”W; 23°48’22.82”S), 25.xi.1949, H. Urban coll., 1♂; 14.xii.1952, H. Urban coll., 3♂ (Schubart, 1956a).

New records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Ilhabela (45°22’21.24”W; 23°49’03.23”S), 09-15.x.2001, Equipe Biota coll., 1♂ (IBSP 1934); 1♀ (IBSP 1401); 1♀ (IBSP 1934).

Obiricodesmus rosascens ( Brandt, 1839 )

Polydesmus rosascensBrandt, 1839: 130 (Male holotype, ZMB, from “Brasilia” [= Brazil] without further locality); Brandt, 1841: 130; Gervais, 1847: 113; 1859: 9.

Polydesmus (Rhachidomorpha) rosascens:Peters, 1865: 536; Humbert & Saussure, 1872: 31, Fig. 158.

Rhachidomorpha rosascens:Attems, 1898: 410, 1938: 472.

Leptodesmus (? Rhachidomorpha) rosascens:Brölemann, 1909: 72.

Obiricodesmus rosascens:Hoffman, 1990: 31, Figs. 14-20, 23.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Ubatuba (45°04’34.73”W; 23°27’08.64”S), ii.1987, F.A. Mello coll., 1♂ 1♀ (Hoffman, 1990).

Tribe Leptodesmini Attems, 1898 ( Figs. 3B , 4A-B , 5A-B , 6A-B , 7A )

Dialysogon Hoffman, 1979

DialysogonHoffman, 1979a: 229. Type species: Leptodesmus jucundusBrölemann, 1902a by original designation and monotypy; Shelley et al., 2000: 97.

Figure 4
Distribution map of the species belonging to tribe Leptodesmini (A, B) from São Paulo state, Brazil.

Figure 5
Distribution map of the species belonging to tribe Leptodesmini (A, B) from São Paulo state, Brazil.

Figure 6
Distribution map of the species belonging to tribe Leptodesmini (A, B) from São Paulo state, Brazil.

Figure 7
Distribution map of the species belonging to tribes Leptodesmini, Lepturodesmini (A) and Sandalodesmini (B) from São Paulo state, Brazil.

Dialysogon jucundus (Brölemann, 1902)

Leptodesmus jucundusBrölemann, 1902a: 64, Figs. 41-44 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, 47°28’33.56”W; 21°42’25.37”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Brölemann 1909: 69; Schubart, 1955: 513.

Leptodesmus (Leptodesmus) jucundus:Attems, 1938: 10, Fig. 3; Schubart, 1944: 347.

Dialysogon jucundus:Hoffman, 1979a: 231.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Santa Rita do Passa Quatro (47°28’33.56”W; 21°42’25.37”S), no data, no coll., 1♂ (Brölemann, 1902a); Pirassununga (47°25’31.46”W; 21°59’56.92”S), 31.xii.1938, no coll., 1♂ 2 juv.; 28.ii.1940, A. Boggi coll., 1♂; 06.iii.1940, Aguirre coll., 1♂; 29.v.1940, A. Boggi coll., 1♂; 28.vi.1940, A. Boggi coll., 1♀; 23.x.1940, J.B. Moraes coll., 1♂; iii.1941, J.B. Moraes coll., 1♂; 08.v.1941, J.B. Moraes coll., 1♂; 17.v.1941, H. Rosa coll., 2♂; 24.ix.1941, H. Rosa coll., 1♂; 23.vii.1942, H. Rosa coll., 1♂; 30.xii.1938, J. Gaspar coll., 1♂ 3 juv.; 06-08.i.1939, J. Gaspar coll., 4 juv.; 19.vii.1941, J. Gaspar coll., 1♀; 04.xii.1941, J. Gaspar coll., 1♂; 13.ii.1942, J. Gaspar coll., 1♂ (Schubart, 1944); 11.iii.1942, J. Gaspar coll., 1♀; 18.v.1942, J. Gaspar coll., 1♂; 10-11.iv.1942, J. Gaspar coll., 1♂ 1♀; 25.iv.1942, J. Gaspar coll., 1♂; 04.vii.1942, J. Gaspar coll., 1♂; 02.viii.1942, J. Gaspar coll., 1♂; 21-27.xii.1938, J. Gaspar coll., 1♂ 1♀ 13 juv.; 22.iv.1942, J. Gaspar coll., 1♂; 22.vi.1942, J. Gaspar coll., 1♂; Santa Cruz das Palmeiras (47°15’01.90”W; 21°49’33.44”S), 22.xii.1941, no coll., 1 juv.; Descalvado (47°37’16.70”W; 21°55’06.25”S), 05.iii.1941, no coll., 3♂ 1 juv., (Schubart, 1944); Altinópolis (47°22’26.84”W; 21°01’23.10”S), 24.vii.1947, no coll., 1♂ 1♀; Santo Antônio da Alegria (47°08’53.59”W; 21°05’14.79”S), 24.vii.1947, no coll., 9♂ 3♀ 3 juv.; São Joaquim da Barra (47°51’48.54”W; 20°35’02.70”S), 30.i.1944, M.P. de Godoi coll., 1 juv.; Guaíra (48°18’40.74”W; 20°19’24.52”S), 06.ix.1944, no coll., 1♀ (Schubart, 1955).

Material examined: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Santa Rita do Passa Quatro (47°28’33.56”W; 21°42’25.37”S), Estação Experimental, 19-24.ii.2002, Equipe Biota coll., 1♂ (IBSP 2742); Parque Estadual de Vassununga (47°35’02.59”W; 21°43’47.41”S), 19-24.ii.2002, Equipe Biota coll., 1♂ (IBSP 3277); Pirassununga (47°25’32.44”W; 21°59’57.78”S), 20.xi.1978, M.E. Delfin coll., 1♂ (IBSP 1267).

Leptodesmus de Saussure, 1859

Leptodesmus deSaussure, 1859: 323. Type species: Polydesmus carneus deSaussure, 1859; proposed as a subgenus of Polydesmus. Type species by subsequent designation of Pocock, 1910: 162; Attems, 1898: 369, 1901: 88; Brölemann, 1902a: 58; Pocock, 1910: 162 (status changed); Brölemann, 1916: 551; Schubart, 1944: 347, 1946: 187, 1953: 99; Kraus, 1954: 21; Hoffman, 1954: 220, 1971: 229, 1980: 152, in tribe Leptodesmini; 2009: 561, 2012: 103.

GoyazodesmusSchubart, 1952: 447. Type species: G. cuspidatusSchubart, 1952: 448, by original designation. Schubart, 1958: 204. Hoffman, 1971: 229 (Syn.).

Leptodesmus bidenticulatus Schubart, 1960

Leptodesmus bidenticulatusSchubart, 1960: 458, Fig. 8 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Fazenda São João do Varjão, Monte Aprazível, 49°42’39.06”W; 20°46’09.90”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Hoffman, 1971: 237.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Monte Aprazível (49°42’39.06”W; 20°46’09.90”S), Fazenda São José do Varjão, 09.i.1950, O. Schubart coll., 1♂ 3♀ 11 juv.; Monte Aprazível (49°42’39.06”W; 20°46’09.90”S), 10.i.1950, O. Schubart coll., 2♀ (Schubart, 1960).

Leptodesmus cristulatus Schubart, 1955

Leptodesmus cristulatusSchubart, 1955: 517, Figs. 8-10 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Bueno de Andrade, 48°14’39.58”W; 21°40’02.98”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Hoffman, 1971: 243.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Bueno de Andrade (48°14’39.58”W; 21°40’02.98”S), 06.x.1947, no coll., 2♂ (Schubart, 1955).

Leptodesmus defensus Hoffman, 1971

Leptodesmus defensusHoffman, 1971: 243, Figs. 11-14 (Male holotype and two female paratypes, MZSP, from Fazenda Aceiro, Jataí, 51°43’27.24”W; 17°53’19.78”S, Goiás, Brazil).

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: None.

New records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Pindamonhangaba (45°27’20.47”W; 22°55’26.09”S), Colégio Socorro, x.1954, A. Eterovic coll., 1♂ 1♀ 1 juv. (IBSP 135).

Leptodesmus dentellus Schubart, 1946

Leptodesmus dentellusSchubart, 1946: 173, Fig. 5 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Nova Odessa, 47°17’39.84”W; 22°47’10.37”S, Americana, São Paulo, Brazil); Schubart, 1952: 404, 1955: 516; Hoffman, 1971: 245; Fontanetti, 1991: 542.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Americana, Nova Odessa (47°17’39.84”W; 22°47’10.37”S), 24.v.1945, O. Schubart coll., 1♂ (Schubart, 1946); Analândia, Morro Grande (47°39’44.98”W; 22°07’46.62”S), 25.ix.1947, no coll., 1♂; Pirassununga, Capão Redondo (47°25’18.63”W; 21°59’58.32”S), 26.xi.1948, no coll., 1♂ 3 juv.; Leme (47°22’54.56”W; 22°10’44.84”S), 26.xi.1948, F.P. Monteiro coll., 1♀; 10.xii.1948, J. Schubart coll., 1♂ (Schubart, 1955); Rio Claro, Horto Florestal (47°33’28.77”W; 22°24’55.87”S), vii.1949, J. Callegari coll., 1♂; Campinas, Boa Vista (47°03’30.75”W; 22°54’35.46”S), v.1949, M. Autuori coll., 2♂ 2 juv. (Schubart, 1955).

New records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Piracicaba, Campus UNESP (47°37’58.81”W; 22°44’11.84”S), 27.v.1940, Piza coll., 1♂ (IBSP 3493); 1♂ (IBSP 3494).

Leptodesmus forceps Brölemann, 1902

Leptodesmus forcepsBrölemann, 1902a: 61, Figs. 30-33 (Syntypes, MZSP, from Itapetininga, 48°02’29.39”W; 23°35’12.71”S, and Santo André, 46°18’59.66”W; 23°46’59.69”S, Alto da Serra (= Serra de Paranapiacaba), São Paulo, Brazil); Brölemann, 1909: 68; Schubart, 1955: 527; Hoffman, 1971: 246.

Leptodesmus (Leptodesmus) forceps:Attems, 1938: 16, Fig. 11.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Santo André, Alto da Serra (= Serra de Paranapiacaba) (46°18’59.66”W; 23°46’59.69”S), no data, no coll.; Itapetininga (48°02’29.39”W; 23°35’12.71”S), i.1897, no coll. (Brölemann, 1902a).

Leptodesmus geniculatus Schubart, 1943

Leptodesmus (Brachyurodesmus) geniculatusSchubart, 1943: 150, Figs. 51-54 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Ilha Seca, Pereira Barreto, 51°07’3.91”W; 20°39’17.01”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Schubart, 1955: 516.

Leptodesmus geniculatus:Hoffman, 1971: 246.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Pereira Barreto (51°07’3.91”W; 20°39’17.01”S), Ilha Seca, 20.ii.1940, J. Moojen & H. Berla coll., 3♂; Pereira Barreto (51°07’3.91”W; 20°39’17.01”S), Lussanvira, 16.x.1938, Equipe Instituto Oswaldo Cruz coll., 1♂; Itapura (51°27’17.08”W; 20°37’16.89”S), 16.x.1938, Equipe Instituto Oswaldo Cruz coll., 1♂ (Schubart, 1943); Araçatuba (50°26’00.01”W; 21°12’18.51”S), xii.1926, R. Spitz coll., 1♂ (Schubart, 1955).

Leptodesmus godoii Schubart, 1946

Leptodesmus godoiiSchubart, 1946: 169, Fig. 3 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Rio Sapucaí, Corredeira Alegre, São Joaquim da Barra, 47°51’35.96”W; 20°35’19.74”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Schubart, 1955: 515, 1956c: 366; Hoffman, 1971: 246, Figs. 15-16.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: São Joaquim da Barra (47°51’35.96”W; 20°35’19.74”S), 23.vi.1944, M.P. de Godoi coll., 10♂ 16♀ 1 juv. (Schubart, 1946).

Leptodesmus limbatus Schubart, 1955

Leptodesmus limbatusSchubart, 1955: 517, Figs. 7-10 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Novo Horizonte, 49°13’13.71”W; 21°28’12.00”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Hoffman, 1971: 247.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Novo Horizonte (49°13’13.71”W; 21°28’12.00”S), 04.xi.1944, R.L. Araujo coll., 3♂ (Schubart, 1955).

Leptodesmus rostratus Schubart, 1955

Leptodesmus rostratusSchubart, 1955: 518, Figs. 15-16 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Franca, 47°23’24.37”W; 20°32’11.27”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Hoffman, 1971: 247.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Franca (47°23’24.37”W; 20°32’11.27”S), x.1910, E. Garbe coll., 2♂ 2♀ (Schubart, 1955).

Leptodesmus rubicundus Schubart, 1960

Leptodesmus rubicundus Schubart, 1960b: 456, Figs. 6-7 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Departamento de Botânica, campus da USP, 46°43’50.60”W; 23°33’41.71”S, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil); Hoffman, 1971: 247.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: São Paulo, Campos Elíseos (46°38’46.36”W; 23°31’57.20”S), 04.xi.1955, M.G. Ferri coll., 1♀; ii.1956, M.G. Ferri coll., 1♂; 29.ix.1956, A.B. Joly coll., 1♀ (Schubart, 1960).

Leptodesmus serrulatus Schubart, 1955

Leptodesmus serrulatusSchubart, 1955: 518, Figs. 12-14 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Olímpia, 48°54’38.76”W; 20°44’14.92”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Hoffman, 1971: 248.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Olímpia (48°54’38.76”W; 20°44’14.92”S), xi.1916, E. Garbe coll., 1♂ (Schubart, 1955).

Leptodesmus stimulatus Schubart, 1960

Leptodesmus stimulatusSchubart, 1960: 459, Fig. 9 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Feiticeiro, Santo Anastácio, 51°39’10.43”W; 21°58’29.85”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Hoffman, 1971: 248.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Santo Anastácio (51°39’10.43”W; 21°58’29.85”S), Feiticeiro, 20.i.1950, O. Schubart coll., 1♂ 1♀; Santo Anastácio (51°39’10.43”W; 21°58’29.85”S), Palmitalzinho, 19.i.1950, O. Schubart coll., 1♂ (Schubart, 1960).

Leptodesmus tridentatus Schubart, 1960

Goyazodesmus tridentatusSchubart, 1960: 443, Fig. 6 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Uberlândia, 48°16’32.99”W; 18°54’54.08”S, Minas Gerais, Brazil).

Leptodesmus geniculatus:Hoffman, 1971: 248.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: None.

New records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Itirapina, Estação Ecológica de Itirapina (47°49’33.82”W; 22°14’58.58”S), 30.iv-05.v.2001, Equipe Biota coll., 1♂ 2♀ (IBSP 1934).

Leptodesmus vagans Schubart, 1944

Leptodesmus vagansSchubart, 1944: 356, Figs. 27-29 (Male holotype, MZSP from Fazenda Pedra Branca, Pirassununga, 47°25’28.16”W; 22°00’19.09”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Schubart, 1955: 516; Hoffman, 1971: 248.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Pirassununga (47°25’28.16”W; 22°00’19.09”S), Fazenda Pedra Branca, 11.i.1942, J. Gaspar & O. Schubart coll., 7♂ 4♀; 15.ii.1942, J. Gaspar & O. Schubart coll., 2♂ 2♀ 5 juv.; 22.vi.1942, J. Gaspar coll., 1 juv. (Schubart, 1944); Pirassununga (47°25’28.16”W; 22°00’19.09”S), 28.ix.1943, no coll., 3 undetermined (Schubart, 1955); 21-29.v.1940, A. Boggi coll., 1♀ 1♂ 2 undetermined; 27.vi.1940, A. Boggi coll., 1♂ 2♀; 25.ix.1940, A. Boggi coll., 1♂; 18.x.1940, A. Boggi coll., 1♂ 1♀; 16.xi.1940, A. Boggi coll., 1♂ 1♀; 17.iii.1941, no coll., 1 undetermined 1 juv.; 12.v.1941, no coll., 1♂ 1♀; 08-20.v.1942, no coll., 3♀ (Schubart, 1944); 12-16.vii.1942, no coll., 1♂ 1♀; 29.x.1942, no coll., 1♂; 28.xi.1942, no coll., 1♂; 17.vi.1942, H. Rosa coll., 1♂; Mogi Guaçu (46°56’35.70”W; 22°22’04.57”S), 31.vii.1941, no coll., 3♂ 1 juv.; Porto Ferreira (47°26’55.93”W; 21°50’45.10”S), 17.i.1940, no coll., 1♀ 1 juv.; 21.v.1941, no coll., 2♂ (Schubart, 1944).

Leptodesmus arcanus Schubart, 1944

Leptodesmus (Leptodesmus) arcanusSchubart, 1944: 348, Figs. 18-19 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Pirassununga, 47°25’28.16”W; 22°00’19.09”S, São Paulo, Brazil); 1955: 523.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Pirassununga, Cachoeira das Emas (47°22’11.64”W; 21°55’36.54”S), 01.xii.1942, L. Gaspar coll., 1♂ (Schubart, 1944); Cachoeira das Emas, no data, no coll., 1♂ (Schubart, 1955).

Remarks: Species under uncertain generic status (Hoffman, 1971).

Leptodesmus bocainae Schubart, 1946

Leptodesmus bocainaeSchubart, 1946: 176, Fig. 7 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Fazenda Nova California, Serra da Bocaina, 44°34’57.77”W; 22°38’45.47”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Schubart, 1955: 527, Fig. 24.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: São José dos Barreiros, Serra da Bocaina (44°34’57.77”W; 22°38’45.47”S), 25.viii.1941, J. d’Amico coll., 4♂ 5♀ (Schubart, 1946).

Remarks: Species under uncertain generic status (Hoffman, 1971).

Leptodesmus clavaria Brölemann, 1902

Leptodesmus clavariaBrölemann, 1902b: 687-690, Figs. 33-35, plate 7, 26-29 (Male holotype from Fazenda Nova Niágara [see remarks], 49°28’00.02”W; 23°00’19.02”S, municipality not defined by author in 1920, São Paulo, Brazil); 1909: 65; Attems, 1938: 13, Fig. 7; Schubart, 1955: 526.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Batista Botelho (49°28’00.02”W; 23°00’19.02”S), Fazenda Nova Niágara, no data, i.1899, M.E. Gounelle coll., 1♂ (Brölemann, 1902b).

Remarks: Species under uncertain generic status (Hoffman, 1971). The original locality was mentioned erroneously as “Fazenda Nova Nicarágua”, and without any reference concerning the municipality. Based in collection records of M.E. Gounelle in the state of São Paulo at the end of the 18^th century (see Papavero, 1971: 162-163), the exact location is, indeed, named as “Fazenda Nova Niágara” and located on the municipality of Batista Botelho, outskirts of Cerqueira César.

Leptodesmus corniger Brölemann, 1904

Leptodesmus (Rachidomorpha) corniger Brölemann, 1904: 87, Figs. 10-14.

Leptodesmus corniger: Brölemann, 1909: 66; Schubart, 1955: 523.

Alocodesmus corniger: Attems, 1931: 57.

Leptodesmus (Desmoleptus) corniger Attems, 1938: 35, Fig. 38.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Santo André (46°32’39.72”W; 23°40’33.83”S), Rio Grande, 07.i.1902, C.M. Wacket coll. (Brölemann, 1904).

New records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Embu-Guaçu (46°48’55.16”W; 23°49’55.88”S), Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Cachoeira do Funil, 31.i.2016, A.D. Silva coll., 1♂ (IBSP 4636); 1♂ (IBSP 4637).

Remarks: Species under uncertain generic status (Hoffman, 1971).

Leptodesmus didymus Schubart, 1946

Leptodesmus didymusSchubart, 1946: 182, Fig. 11 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Horto Florestal, Serra da Cantareira, Distrito Tremembé, São Paulo, 46°37’33.94”W; 23°27’38.68”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Schubart, 1955: 529, Fig. 29.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: São Paulo, Serra da Cantareira, Distrito Tremembé (46°37’33.94”W; 23°27’38.68”S), ii.1939, no coll., 1♂ (Schubart, 1946); Campos do Jordão (45°35’52.39”W; 22°44’12.06”S), 14-29.xii.1944, F. Lane coll., 1♂ 1♀; iii.1945, P. Wygodzinsky coll., 4♂ 1♀ (Schubart, 1955).

Material examined: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Campos do Jordão (45°35’52.39”W; 22°44’12.06”S), 04.vi.1994, L. Porto Neto & A. Eterovic coll., 1♂ (IBSP 1060).

Remarks: Species under uncertain generic status (Hoffman, 1971).

Leptodesmus furcilla Brölemann, 1902

Leptodesmus furcillaBrölemann, 1902a: 62, Figs. 34-40 (Two syntypes male and female, MZSP, from Alto da Serra (= Serra de Paranapiacaba), Santo André, 46°19’01.57”W; 23°47’08.23”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Brölemann, 1909: 68; Schubart, 1955: 515.

Leptodesmus (Leptodesmus) furcilla:Attems, 1938: 18, Fig. 15.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Santo André, Alto da Serra (= Serra de Paranapiacaba) (46°19’01.57”W; 23°47’08.23”S), no data, no coll. (Brölemann, 1902a).

Remarks: Species under uncertain generic status (Hoffman, 1971).

Leptodesmus gilvomelaena Schubart, 1946

Leptodesmus gilvomelaenaSchubart, 1946: 181, Fig. 10 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Jardim São Bento, São Paulo, 46°38’46.22”W; 23°30’12.78”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Schubart, 1955: 528; Trajano et al., 2000: 9.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: São Paulo, Jardim São Bento (46°38’46.22”W; 23°30’12.78”S), Chácara Morrinhos, 1939, D.B.J. Pickel coll., 2♂ 1♀ (Schubart, 1946).

Remarks: Species under uncertain generic status (Hoffman, 1971).

Leptodesmus infaustus Brölemann, 1902

Leptodesmus infaustusBrölemann, 1902a: 69 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Perus, São Paulo, 46°45’19.24”W; 23°24’21.04”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Brölemann, 1909: 69; Attems, 1938: 49; Schubart, 1955: 521.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: São Paulo, Perus (46°45’19.24”W; 23°24’21.04”S), x.1896, no coll., 1♂ (Brölemann, 1902a).

Remarks: Species under uncertain generic status (Hoffman, 1971).

Leptodesmus intricatus Schubart, 1955

Leptodesmus intricatusSchubart, 1955: 528, Fig. 25 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Salesópolis, 45°52’11”W; 23°37’51”S, São Paulo, Brazil).

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Salesópolis, Estação Biológica de Boracéia (45°52’11”W; 23°37’51”S), 20.xii.1947, P.E. Vanzolini coll., 1♂ 1♀ (Schubart, 1955).

Remarks: Species under uncertain generic status (Hoffman, 1971).

Leptodesmus laurinhoi Schubart, 1960

Leptodesmus laurinhoiSchubart, 1960: 460, Figs. 10-12 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Salesópolis, 45°52’11”W; 23°37’51”S, São Paulo, Brazil).

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Salesópolis, Estação Biológica de Boracéia (45°52’11”W; 23°37’51”S), 01.iv.1947, L. Travassos coll., 1♀; Salesópolis, Estação Biológica de Boracéia (45°52’11”W; 23°37’51”S), 20.xii.1947, P. Vanzolini coll., 2♀; 05.ii.1959, O. Schubart coll., 1♂ (Schubart, 1960).

Remarks: Species under uncertain generic status (Hoffman 1971).

Leptodesmus miranda-ribeiroi Schubart, 1955

Leptodesmus miranda-ribeiroiSchubart, 1955: 524, Fig. 20 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Salesópolis, 45°52’11”W; 23°37’51”S, São Paulo, Brazil).

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Salesópolis, Estação Biológica de Boracéia (45°52’11”W; 23°37’51”S), 12-20.xii.1947, P.E. Vanzolini coll., 1♂ 2♀ (Schubart, 1955).

Remarks: Species under uncertain generic status (Hoffman, 1971).

Leptodesmus pardalis Schubart, 1960

Leptodesmus pardalisSchubart, 1960: 461 (Female holotype, MZSP, from Sítio da Viúva Conde, Itanhaém, 46°47’06.02”W; 24°10’52.35”S, São Paulo, Brazil).

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Itanhaém (46°47’06.02”W; 24°10’52.35”S), 09.ix.1941, O. Schubart coll., 1♀ (Schubart, 1960).

Remarks: Species under uncertain generic status (Hoffman, 1971).

Leptodesmus pubescens Schubart, 1954

Leptodesmus pubescensSchubart, 1954: 109-112 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Campininha, Piraquara, 49°01’44.31”W; 25°27’06.81”S, Paraná, Brazil).

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: None.

New records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Apiaí (48°51’04.95”W; 24°31’36.00”S), Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira (PETAR), Núcleo Caboclo, 21.vii.2016, V.C. Calvanese & A. Silva coll., 1♂ (IBSP 4592).

Remarks: Species under uncertain generic status (Hoffman, 1971).

Leptodesmus rubricus Schubart, 1955

Leptodesmus rubricusSchubart, 1955: 525, Fig. 22 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Campos do Jordão, 45°35’51.03”W; 22°44’36.61”S, São Paulo, Brazil).

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Campos do Jordão (45°35’51.03”W; 22°44’36.61”S), iii.1945, P. Wygodzinsky coll., 1♂ (Schubart, 1955).

New records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Salesópolis, Estação Biológica de Boracéia (45°52’11”W; 23°37’51”S), 08-10.iv.2000, A.D. Brescovit coll., 1♂ 1♀ (IBSP 773).

Remarks: Species under uncertain generic status (Hoffman, 1971).

Leptodesmus silvanus Schubart, 1955

Leptodesmus silvanusSchubart, 1955: 515, Figs. 3-4 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Alto da Serra (= Serra de Paranapiacaba), Santo André, 46°18’46.71”W; 23°47’02.73”S, São Paulo, Brazil).

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Santo André (46°18’46.71”W; 23°47’02.73”S), Alto da Serra (= Serra de Paranapiacaba), ix.1908, H. Luederwaldt, 1♂ (Schubart, 1955).

Material examined: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Santo André, Reserva Biológica do Alto da Serra de Paranapiacaba (46°18’46.71”W; 23°47’02.73”S), 07-09.x.2007, V. Passanha & C.V. Janini coll., 1♂ 1 juv. (IBSP 3285).

New records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Salesópolis, Estação Biológica de Boracéia (45°52’11”W; 23°37’51”S), 08-10.iv.2000, A.D. Brescovit coll., 1♂ (IBSP 771); v.2001, Equipe Biota coll., 1♂ (IBSP 1897).

Remarks: Species under uncertain generic status (Hoffman, 1971).

Leptodesmus tucanus Schubart, 1946

Leptodesmus tucanusSchubart, 1946: 179, Fig. 9 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Fazenda Nova California, Serra da Bocaina, 44°34’57.77”W; 22°38’45.47”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Schubart, 1955: 527.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Fazenda Nova California, Serra da Bocaina (44°34’57.77”W; 22°38’45.47”S), 25.viii.1941, J. d’Amico coll., 3♂ 2♀ 1 juv. (Schubart, 1946).

Remarks: Species under uncertain generic status (Hoffman, 1971).

Leptodesmus verrucula Brölemann, 1902

Leptodesmus verruculaBrölemann, 1902a: 83, Figs. 80-81 (Female holotype, MZSP, from Alto da Serra (= Serra de Paranapiacaba), Santo André, 46°18’39.26”W; 23°46’57.17”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Brölemann, 1909: 73; Attems, 1938: 51.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Santo André, Alta da Serra (= Serra de Paranapiacaba) (46°18’39.26”W; 23°46’57.17”S), no data, no coll. 1 juv. ♀ (Brölemann, 1902a).

Remarks: Species under uncertain generic status (Hoffman, 1971).

Tribe Lepturodesmini Hoffman, 1975 ( Fig. 7A )

Camptomorpha Silvestri, 1897

CamptomorphaSilvestri, 1897: 10. Type species: Camptomorpha dorsalisSilvestri, 1897, by subsequent designation of Attems, 1931: 44; 1938: 69 (incorrect description); Hoffman, 1953: 120-124; Schubart, 1955: 510; Jeekel, 1971: 252; Hoffman, 1980: 152.

PhantasmodesmusVerhoeff, 1927: 509. Type species: Leptodesmus pulvillatusAttems, 1898, by monotype; Attems, 1898: 391; 1938: 6 (Syn. with Leptodesmus); Hoffman, 1953: 121 (Syn. with Camptomorpha); Kraus, 1955: 183, 1956: 142.

EucampesmusChamberlin, 1941: 489. Type species: Eucampesmus oritesChamberlin, 1941, by original designation; Kraus, 1956: 141 (Syn. with Phantasmodesmus); Hoffman, 1953: 121 (Syn. with Camptomorpha); Jeekel, 1971: 262.

Camptomorpha iheringi (Brölemann, 1902)

Leptodesmus iheringiBrölemann, 1902a: 84, Figs. 82-89 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Piquete, 45°11’10.11”W; 22°36’25.88”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Brölemann, 1909: 69.

Camptomorpha iheringi:Attems, 1938: 71, Fig. 82; Schubart, 1943: 148, 1955: 511.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Piquete (45°11’10.11”W; 22°36’25.88”S), i.1897, no coll., 1♂ (Brölemann, 1902a).

Remarks: According to Hoffman (1953), C. iheringi is under a generic doubtful position, being the species of Camptomorpha strictu sensu restricted to a small group from northern Andean region and Brazilian Amazonian forest.

Tribe Sandalodesmini Hofmann, 1982 ( Fig. 7B )

Sandalodesmus Silvestri, 1902

SandalodesmusSilvestri, 1902: 4. Type species: Sandalodesmus bertoniiSilvestri, 1902, by monotypy; Brölemann, 1916: 552; Jeekel, 1971: 286; Hoffman, 1980: 155; 1982: 248.

GonioleptodesmusSchubart, 1958: 29. Type species: Leptodesmus gasparaeSchubart, 1944, by original designation. Hoffman, 1967: 34, 1980: 154, 155 (Syn.); Shelley et al., 2000: 103.

Sandalodesmus araujoi Schubart, 1946

Leptodesmus araujoiSchubart, 1946: 171, Fig. 4 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Rodrigues Alves, São Manuel, 48°34’00.13”W; 22°44’12.63”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Schubart, 1955: 516.

Leptodesmus (Gonioleptodesmus) araujoi:Schubart, 1958: 29.

Gonioleptodesmus araujoi:Hoffman, 1967: 34.

Sandalodesmus araujoi:Hoffman, 1982: 251, Fig. 12.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: São Manuel (48°34’00.13”W; 22°44’12.63”S), 09-11.xii.1943, R.L. Araujo coll., 1♂ (Schubart, 1946).

Sandalodesmus gasparae ( Schubart, 1944 )

Leptodesmus (Leptodesmus) gasparaeSchubart, 1944: 351, Figs. 20-23. (Syntype from Estação Experimental de Caça e Pesca, Pirassununga, 47°25’57.35”W; 22°00’02.28”S, São Paulo, Brazil).

Leptodesmus gasparae:Schubart, 1955: 516.

Leptodesmus (Gonioleptodesmus) gasparae:Schubart, 1958: 29.

Gonioleptodesmus gasparae:Hoffman, 1967: 35.

Sandalodesmus gasparae:Hoffman, 1982: 256; Fontanetti, 1996: 593-595.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Pirassununga (47°25’57.35”W; 22°00’02.28”S), 26.xii.1938, O. Schubart coll., 1 undetermined; 12.v.1941, O. Schubart coll., 2 undetermined; 11.x.1941, J. Gaspar coll., 1♀; 01.xi.1941, J. Gaspar coll., 1♂; 26.x.1942, J. Gaspar coll., 1♂; 01-03.xi.1942, J. Gaspar coll., 3♂; 11.i.1942, J. Gaspar coll., 1 juv.; Estação Experimental de Caça e Pesca, 07.x.1940, O. Schubart coll., 1♂ 1♀; 25.x.1940, O. Schubart coll., 1♂ 1♀; 27.xi.1940, O. Schubart coll., 1♂; 02-16.xi.1940, O. Schubart coll., 76♂ 26♀; 24-25.ix.1941 O. Schubart coll., 13♂ 14♀; 01.xi.1941, O. Schubart coll., 1♂; 25.ix.1942, O. Schubart coll., 1♂ 1♀; 12-18.xii.1942, A.L. Gomes & A.J. Faria coll., 2♀; Bonfim, 25.ix.1947, no coll., 64♂♀; 12.xi.1941, no coll., 1♂; Porto Ferreira (47°28’6.30”W; 21°50’39.55”S), 27.iii.1940, no coll., 1♀ (Schubart, 1944); Analândia (47°39’44.40”W; 22°07’42.86”S), Morro Grande, 25.ix.1947, no coll., 3♂ 1♀; Pitangueiras (48°13’06.44”W; 21°00’43.74”S), Fazenda Três Barras, 24.x.1943, F. Lane coll., 7♂ 4♀; Olímpia (48°54’45.25”W; 20°44’27.80”S), xi.1916, E. Garbe coll., 3♂ 1♀ (Schubart, 1955).

New records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Piracicaba (47°38’46.18”W; 22°43’50.94”S), Campus ESALQ-USP, 09-10.vii.1994, A. Eterovic coll., 1♂ 1♀ (IBSP 1139); Campinas (47°03’30.75”W; 22°54’35.46”S), x.1998, A.J. Santos coll., 3♂ 2♀ (IBSP 735); Fazenda Santa Genebra (47°38’46.18”W; 22°43’50.94”S), 1993, D. Farias & A. Eterovic coll., 1♂ (IBSP 1079).

Sandalodesmus hippocampus ( Schubart, 1944 )

Leptodesmus (Leptodesmus) hippocampusSchubart, 1944: 355, Figs. 24-26 (Syntypes, MZSP, from Usina Corumbataí, 47°37’20.38”W; 22°13’26.30”S, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil).

Leptodesmus hippocampus:Schubart, 1955: 516.

Gonioleptodesmus hippocampus:Hoffman, 1967: 35.

Sandalodesmus hippocampus:Hoffman, 1982: 256, Fig. 12.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Rio Claro (47°37’20.38”W; 22°13’26.30”S), 16.xi.1941, J. Gaspar coll., 2♂ (Schubart, 1944).

Sandalodesmus librellus Hoffman, 1982

Sandalodesmus librellusHoffman, 1982: 256, Figs. 3-4 (Male holotype, ZSM, from São Paulo, 46°36’42.21”W; 23°34’52.28”S, Brazil).

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: São Paulo (46°36’42.21”W; 23°34’52.28”S), no date, W. Bücherl coll., 1♂ (Hoffman, 1982).

Tribe Strongylomorphini Hoffman, 1981 ( Fig. 8A-B )

Brasilodesmus Brölemann, 1929

BrasilodesmusBrölemann, 1929: 35. Type species: Leptodesmus paulistusBrölemann, 1902a, by original designation. Jeekel, 1971: 251; Hoffman, 1971: 260, 1980: 153, 1981: 179, 2009: 561.

Figure 8
Distribution map of the species belonging to tribe Strongylomorphini (A, B) from São Paulo state, Brazil.

Brasilodesmus catharinensis ( Brölemann, 1929 )

Leptodesmus (Brasilodesmus) catharinensisBrölemann, 1929: 27, Figs. 38-44 (Male and female syntypes, MNHN, from Jararaca, Santa Catarina, Brazil); Attems, 1938: 27, Fig. 27.

Leptodesmus (Leptodesmus) catharinensis:Attems, 1938: 27.

Leptodesmus catharinensis:Schubart, 1953: 106, 1955: 520.

Brasilodesmus catharinensis:Hoffman, 1971: 262, 1981: 180.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: São Paulo, Horto Florestal, Distrito Tremembé (46°37’34.13”W; 23°27’39.15”S), 08.iv.1944, W. Bücherl coll., 2♂ 3♀ (Schubart, 1955).

Remarks: The species may have been introduced into the state by importing plants and seedlings from the Paraná state (Schubart, 1955).

Brasilodesmus lamellosus Brölemann, 1902

Leptodesmus lamellosusBrölemann, 1902a: 80, Figs. 75-79 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Itatiba, 46°50’50.29”W; 23°00’21.20”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Brölemann, 1909: 70.

Leptodesmus (Leptodesmus) lamellosus:Attems, 1938: 24, Fig. 24.

Leptodesmus lamellosus:Schubart, 1955: 526, 1956c: 366.

Brasilodesmus lamellosus:Hoffman, 1971: 264, 1981: 180.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Itatiba (46°50’50.29”W; 23°00’21.20”S), vi.1898, no coll., 1♂ (Brölemann, 1902a); São Paulo, Ipiranga (46°35’58.52”W; 23°35’13.17”S), viii.1923, R. Spix coll., 1♂ 1♀; vi.1924, R. Spix coll., 3♀; São Paulo, Freguesia do Ó (46°41’51.88”W; 23°30’06.28”S), 15.v.1946, E. Marcus coll., 13♂ 1♀; Santo André (46°18’59.74”W; 23°46’59.81”S), iv.1927, R. Spix coll., 1♂ (Schubart, 1955).

Brasilodesmus decipens (Brölemann, 1902)

Leptodesmus decipensBrölemann, 1902a: 77, Figs. 66-69 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Paraná, Brazil); Brölemann, 1909: 66; Schubart, 1954: 108, Fig. 23; Schubart, 1955: 521, Fig. 17.

Leptodesmus (Leptodesmus) decipens:Attems, 1938: 18, Fig. 14.

Brasilodesmus decipens:Hoffman, 1971: 264; 1981: 180.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: None.

New records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Iporanga (48°35’51.20”W; 24°35’06.69”S), vii.1992, A. Eterovic coll., 1♂ (IBSP 1247); Entrance in cave Morro Grande, 22.iv.2002, D. Candiani & A.G. Sugmoto coll., 1♂ (IBSP 1341).

Remarks: The species was previously referenced to São Paulo based on records from Piraquara (Schubart, 1955). However, Piraquara is a municipality of the eastern region of Paraná state, and not to São Paulo.

Brasilodesmus paulistus paulistus (Brölemann, 1902)

Leptodesmus paulistusBrölemann, 1902a: 59, Figs. 20-29 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Alto da Serra (= Serra de Paranapiacaba), Santo André, 46°18’35.77”W; 23°46’54.82”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Brölemann, 1909: 71.

Leptodesmus (Brasilodesmus) paulistus:Brölemann, 1929: 36.

Leptodesmus (Leptodesmus) paulistus:Schubart, 1945b: 287, 1949: 216.

Leptodesmus paulistus:Schubart, 1955: 519.

Leptodesmus paulistus paulistus:Hoffman, 1971: 265, Figs. 17-18.

Brasilodesmus paulistus paulistus:Hoffman, 1981: 180.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Santo André, Alto da Serra (= Serra de Paranapiacaba) (46°18’35.77”W; 23°46’54.82”S), no data, no coll., (Brölemann, 1902a); xii.1907, H. Luederwaldt coll., 1♀; 1912, E. Schrebel coll., 1♂ 3♀; 17.vi.1923, R. Spix coll., 2♂ 1♀; Santo André (46°32’38.77”W; 23°40’33.85”S), Rio Grande, x.1902, R.V. Ihering coll., 1♂ (Schubart, 1955); São Sebastião, Ilha de Alcatrazes (45°41’27.36”W; 24°06’02.34”S), 16.ii.1948, A. Hoge coll., 4♂ 1♀; xi.1920, H. Luederwaldt coll., 1♂; Peruíbe, Ilha da Queimada Grande (46°40’26.78”W; 24°29’16.45”S), 14-22.iv.1947, A. Hoge coll., 49♂ 44♀ 7 juv. (Schubart, 1949); Ubatuba (45°04’27.77”W; 23°26’37.28”S), ilha da Vitória, ix.1907, F. Gunter coll., 1♂; São Sebastião (45°24’12.04”W; 23°48’36.84”S), 03.i.1949, H. Urban coll., 1♂ 3♀ (Schubart, 1955); Cubatão (46°25’30.19”W; 23°53’34.82”S), no data, no coll., undetermined (Brölemann, 1902a); Jacupiranga (48°00’27.23”W; 24°42’08.23”S), xii.1947, E. Nonato coll., 1♂; Peruíbe (47°01’53.01”W; 24°19’3.54”S), xii.1946, M. Carrera coll., 1♂; Mogi das Cruzes (46°11’29.97”W; 23°34’30.68”S), ii.1939, W. Bücherl coll., 1♂ 1 juv. (Schubart, 1955); 26.x.1947, M.V. Mendes coll., 1♂; Itapecerica da Serra (46°51’22.96”W; 23°42’58.89”S), João Sarú, 18.x.1944, F. Lane coll., 2♂ 1♀; São Paulo, Butantã (46°43’16.35”W; 23°33’52.69”S), 14.iv.1939, P. de Barros coll., 4♂ 3♀; no data, no coll., 2♂ 6♀; São Paulo, Pinheiros (46°41’11.43”W; 23°33’47.02”S), 30.ix.1945, E. Marcus coll., 1♂; Salesópolis, Estação Biológica de Boracéia (45°52’11”W; 23°37’51”S), 12.xii.1947, P.E. Vanzolini coll., 5♂ 1♀ 2 juv. (Schubart, 1955); Amparo (46°46’24.91”W; 22°42’42.31”S), 08.iii.1943, F. Lane coll., 1♂; Amparo, Monte Alegre do Sul (46°40’59.52”W; 22°41’26.72”S), 14.iv.1944, no coll., 1 undetermined (Schubart, 1945b); Brotas (48°07’18.25”W; 22°17’0.29”S), Usina Jacaré, xi.1947, D. Gaspar coll., 2♂; 16.ii.1945, J. Schubart coll., 1♀; ii.1949, D. Gaspar coll., 1♂ 1♀ (Schubart, 1955).

Material examined: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Salesópolis, Estação Biológica de Boracéia (45°52’11”W; 23°37’51”S), 08-10.iv.2000, A.D. Brescovit coll., 1♂ (IBSP 769); v.2001, Equipe Biota coll., 1♂ (IBSP 1884); Peruíbe, Estação Ecológica da Juréia/Itatins (47°04’44.02”W; 24°19’3.54”S), 05.iii.1994, A. Eterovic coll., 1♂ 1♀ (IBSP 1130); iv.2002, J.P.P. Pena-Barbosa coll., 1♂ (IBSP 3743); iv.2002, J.P.P. Pena-Barbosa coll., 1♂ (IBSP 3742); iii.1997, A.D. Brescovit coll., 1♂ (IBSP 396); Peruíbe, Ilha da Queimada Grande (46°40’26.96”W; 24°29’16.52”S), iv.1947, Equipe IBSP coll., 2♂ 5♀ (IBSP 44); xi.1951, Equipe IBSP coll., 3♂ 7♀ (IBSP 73); xi.1951, Equipe IBSP coll., 1♂ 3♀ 2 juv. (IBSP 72); iv.1947, Equipe IBSP coll., 2♂ 3♀ (IBSP 211); iv.1947, Equipe IBSP coll., 2♂ 1♀ (IBSP 213); Santo André, Reserva Biológica do Alto da Serra de Paranapiacaba (46°18’37.72”W; 23°46’59.48”S), 14-16.xii.2003, C.A. Rheims e R.P. Indicatti coll., 1♂ (IBSP 1925); São Paulo (46°38’02.24”W; 23°33’05.54”S), xii.1990, no coll., 1♂ (IBSP 514); iv.1939, F. Paes de Barros coll., 1♂ 2♀ (IBSP 2); iv.1939, F. Paes de Barros coll., 2♀ (IBSP 1); 1943, no coll., 3♀ (IBSP 12); Mogi das Cruzes (46°11’29.97”W; 23°34’30.68”S), ii.1939, W. Bücherl coll., 1♀ (IBSP 35).

New records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Santa Rita do Passa Quatro (47°28’44.54”W; 21°42’25.37”S), 19-24.ii.2002, Equipe Biota coll. 1♂ (IBSP 2741); Guarujá, Ilha da Moela (46°15’55.85”W; 24°03’00.05”S), 29-31.iii.2009, R.P. Indicatti e G.P. Perroni coll. 2♂ (IBSP 2868); no data, no coll., 1♂ (IBSP 2888); Iguapé (47°33’24.59”W; 24°41’57.31”S), Morro do Espia, iv.1994, A. Eterovic coll., 1♂ (IBSP 1099); Iporanga, Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira (PETAR), (48°38’46.90”W; 24°29’13.62”S), Núcleo Santana, 08-14.xii.2002, Equipe Biota coll., 1♂ (IBSP 2786); Iporanga (48°38’46.90”W; 24°29’13.62”S), Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira/Parque Estadual Intervales, 1993, R. Pardini & A. Eterovic coll., 1♂ (IBSP 1068); São Paulo, Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho (47°59’43.00”W; 24°03’35.23”S), 03.ii.2003, D. Pecinini coll., 1♂ (IBSP 3266); São Bernardo do Campo, Parque Estoril (46°33’51.82”W; 23°41’27.94”S), 17.iii.2008, C.V. Janini coll., 1♂ (IBSP 2784); Caraguatatuba (45°25’31.93”W; 23°37’37.97”S), xii.1952, H. Urban coll., 1♂ (IBSP 173); Cananéia, Ilha do Cardoso (47°56’32.99”W; 25°08’06.82”S), no data, A. Eterovic coll., 1♂ (IBSP 1067).

Strongylomorpha Silvestri, 1897

StrongylomorphaSilvestri, 1897: 357. Type species: Strongylomorpha vanvolxemiSilvestri, 1897, by monotypy; Jeekel, 1971: 289; Hoffman, 1980: 155, 1981: 171, 1999.

ErythrodesmusSilvestri, 1902: 4. Type species: Odontopeltis boveiSilvestri, 1895, by monotypy; Brölemann, 1916: 552; Attems, 1938: 198; Jeekel, 1971: 274. Hoffman, 1981: 171 (Syn.).

NeocamptomorphaSchubart, 1953: 96. Type species: Neocamptomorpha araucariaeSchubart, 1953, by original designation; Jeekel, 1971: 274. Hoffman, 1981: 171 (Syn.).

CamptomorphoidesSchubart, 1962: 251. Type species: Leptodesmus bohlsiAttems, 1898, by original designation; Shelley et al., 2000: 89. Hoffman, 1981: 171 (Syn.).

Strongylomorpha volutata (Brölemann, 1902)

Leptodesmus volutatusBrölemann, 1902a: 75, Figs. 61-65 (Syntypes, MZSP, from Itapetininga, 48°09’35.26”W; 23°38’23.67”S, and Belém, 46°35’28.32”W; 23°32’49.50”S, and Santo André, Alto da Serra (= Serra de Paranapiacaba), 46°18’32.54”W; 23°46’58.75”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Brölemann, 1909: 73.

Camptomorpha volutatus:Schubart, 1954: 120, 1955: 511.

Camptomorphoides volutatus:Schubart, 1962: 252.

Strongylomorpha volutata:Hoffman, 1981: 179.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Santo André, Alto da Serra (= Serra de Paranapiacaba) (46°18’32.54”W; 23°46’58.75”S), no data, no coll.; Itapetininga (48°09’35.26”W; 23°38’23.67”S), i.1897, no coll.; Belém, Juqueri (46°35’28.32”W; 23°32’49.50”S), no data, no coll. (Brölemann, 1902a); São Paulo, Distrito Tremembé (46°37’34.00”W; 23°27’40.54”S), Horto Florestal, ii.1939, no coll., 1♂; iv.1939, P. de Barros coll., 1♂ 3♀; 08.iv.1944, W. Bücherl coll., 2♂ 2♀; 04.viii.1944, J. Schubart coll., 1♂; 19.xi.1944, E. Nonato coll., 1♀; Freguesia do Ó (46°41’51.51”W; 23°30’07.00”S), 15.v.1947, E. Marcus coll., 1♂ (Schubart, 1955).

New records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Cotia (46°55’09.46”W; 23°36’25.21”S), x.1983, R. Lopes coll., 1♂ (IBSP 478); Franco da Rocha (46°43’52.16”W; 23°19’37.20”S), iii.1985, Equipe IBSP coll., 1♂ (IBSP 486); Itú (47°18’02.89”W; 23°16’19.77”S), iii.1987, R. D’Ávila coll., 2♂ 1♀ (IBSP 507); Mogi das Cruzes (46°11’29.70”W; 23°34’30.69”S), iv.1939, W. Bücherl coll., 9♂ 7♀ (IBSP 17); Santa Isabel (46°13’28.61”W; 23°19’04.17”S), 02.i.2003, M. Bedim coll., 1♂ (IBSP 1344); São Paulo, Jardim São Bento, Cháraca Morrinhos (46°38’45.38”W; 23°30’13.20”S), 1939, D.B.J. Pickel coll., 1♂ (IBSP 33); Piracicaba (47°38’53.75”W; 22°44’15.97”S), xi.1992, A. Eterovic coll., 1♂ (IBSP 1153).

Tribes incertae sedis ( Figs. 9A-B , 10A-B )

Atlantodesmus Hoffman, 2000

AtlantodesmusHoffman, 2000: 101-113. Type species: Leptodesmus (Odontopeltis) eimeriAttems, 1898, by original designation; Bouzan et al. 2017.

IemanjaHoffman, 2000: 101-113. Type species: I. teresaHoffman, 2000, by original designation and monotypy; Bouzan et al., 2017 (Syn.).

Figure 9
Distribution map of the species belonging to genera with no tribal designation (A, B) from São Paulo state, Brazil.

Figure 10
Distribution map of the species belonging to genera with no tribal designation (A, B) from São Paulo state, Brazil.

Atlantodesmus itapurensis ( Schubart, 1943 )

Leptodesmus (Desmoleptus) itapurensisSchubart, 1943: 148, Figs. 48-50 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Itapura, 51°27’14.53”W; 20°37’21.56”S, Andradina, São Paulo, Brazil).

Leptodesmus buecherli:Schubart, 1955: 514, Fig. 1 (Three males and one female syntypes, MZSP, from Distrito de Santana, São Paulo, 46°37’34.79”W; 23°29’53.45”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Bouzan et al., 2017 (Syn.).

Atlantodesmus itapurensis:Hoffman, 2000: 106; Bouzan et al., 2017.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Itapura (51°27’14.53”W; 20°37’21.56”S), 16.x.1938, Equipe Instituto Oswaldo Cruz coll., 1♂ (Schubart, 1943); Araçatuba, Anhangaí (50°26’02.45”W; 21°12’41.93”S), xii.1926, R. Spix coll., 1♂; São Paulo, Santana (46°37’34.79”W; 23°29’53.45”S), 1940, W. Bücherl coll., 3♂ 1♀ (Schubart, 1955); Monte Aprazível (49°42’40.04”W; 20°46’06.46”S), 09.i.1950, O. Schubart coll., 2♂ 5♀; Assis (50°25’05.85”W; 22°39’37.84”S), Estação Ecológica de Assis, 25-30.xi.2002, Equipe Biota coll., 14♂ 10♀; Teodoro Sampaio, Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo (52°18’04.17”W; 22°32’07.13”S), 11-14.xi.2012, P.G.B.S. Dias et al. coll., 2♂ 1♀ (Bouzan et al., 2017).

Atlantodesmus pickeli ( Schubart, 1946 )

Leptodesmus pickeliSchubart, 1946: 166, Fig. 1 (Male holotype, IBSP, from Jardim São Bento, São Paulo, 46°38’45.47”W; 23°30’10.22”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Schubart, 1955: 514.

Atlantodesmus pickeli:Hoffman, 2000: 106; Bouzan et al. 2017.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: São Paulo, Jardim São Bento (46°38’45.47”W; 23°30’10.22”S), Chácara Morrinhos, 1939, D.B.J. Pickel coll., 1♂ 1♀ (Schubart, 1946).

Harpagodesmus Schubart, 1960

HarpagodesmusSchubart, 1960: 454. Type species: Harpagodesmus simplexSchubart, 1960, by monotypy. Hoffman, 1980: 154; Shelley et al., 2000: 104.

Harpagodesmus simplex Schubart, 1960

Harpagodesmus simplexSchubart, 1960: 455, Figs. 3-5 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Fazenda São José do Varjão, Monte Aprazível, 49°42’32.79”W; 20°46’08.72”S, São Paulo, Brazil).

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Monte Aprazível (49°42’32.79”W; 20°46’08.72”S), Fazenda São José do Varjão, 09.i.1950, O. Schubart coll., 1♂ 1♀; 10.i.1950, O. Schubart coll., 1♂ (Schubart, 1960).

Henrisaussurea Hoffman, 1971

HenrisaussureaHoffman, 1971: 267. Type species: Leptodesmus corcovadis Brölemann, 1902, by original designation. Hoffman, 1980: 154; Shelley, 2000: 105; Hoffman, 2009: 561.

Henrisaussurea bidens (Brölemann, 1902)

Leptodesmus bidensBrölemann, 1902a: 66, Figs. 45-49 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Piquete, 45°10’43.13”W; 22°36’48.72”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Brölemann, 1909: 64; Schubart, 1946: 193; Schubart, 1955: 522.

Leptodesmus (Leptodesmus) bidens:Attems, 1938: 17, Fig. 13.

Henrisaussurea bidens:Hoffman, 1971: 271.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Piquete (45°10’43.13”W; 22°36’48.72”S), i.1897, no coll. (Brölemann, 1902a).

Henrisaussurea deerrans (Brölemann, 1902)

Leptodesmus deeransBrölemann, 1902a: 78, Figs. 70-74 (Male holoype from Alto da Serra (= Serra de Paranapiacaba), Santo André, 46°18’57.09”W; 23°47’01.77”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Brölemann, 1909: 67; Schubart, 1946: 194, 1955: 522, Fig. 2.

Leptodesmus (Leptodesmus) deerans:Attems, 1938: 24, Fig. 23.

Henrisaussurea deerrans:Hoffman, 1971: 271.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Santo André, Alto da Serra (= Serra de Paranapiacaba) (46°18’57.09”W; 23°47’01.77”S), no data, no coll. (Brölemann, 1902a); 1912, E. Schrebel, 1♂ (Schubart, 1955).

Henrisaussurea ramosa ( Schubart, 1944 )

Leptodesmus (Leptodesmus) ramosusSchubart, 1944; 359, Figs. 30-31 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Fazenda Retiro das Sete Lagoas, Mogi Guaçu, 46°56’24.61”W; 22°22’29.29”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Schubart, 1945b: 288.

Leptodesmus ramosus:Schubart, 1955: 522, 1956c: 366.

Henrisaussurea ramosa:Hoffman, 1971: 272.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Mogi Guaçu, Fazenda Retiro das Sete Lagoas (46°56’24.61”W; 22°22’29.29”S), 31.viii.1941, O. Schubart coll., 1♂ 4♀ (Schubart, 1944); Monte Alegre do Sul (46°40’49.27”W; 22°41’34.67”S), x.1942, L. Travassos Filho coll., 3♂ 1♀; 27.xi.1942, F. Lane coll., 2♂; 21.vii.1943, no coll., 2♂ 2♀; 30.x-01.xi.1943, no coll., 2♂ 2♀ (Schubart, 1945b); Amparo (46°46’21.24”W; 22°42’31.65”S), 26.x.1948, D. Gaspar coll., 1♀; Lindóia (46°39’03.75”W; 22°31’27.66”S), 16-17.i.1947, J. Schubart coll., 1♂ 3♀; Pirassununga, Cachoeira das Emas (47°22’06.03”W; 21°55’39.59”S), 02-14.vi.1948, I.P. Lima coll., 3♂ (Schubart, 1955).

Material examined: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Amparo (46°46’21.24”W; 22°42’31.65”S), x.1974, C. Langen coll., 2♂ 4♀ (IBSP 200).

New records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Vinhedo (46°59’02.91”W; 23°01’46.51”S), iv.1983, V. Dragamov coll., 2♂ 1♀ (IBSP 479); Carapicuiba (46°49’51.88”W; 23°34’08.44”S), 03.xi.1998, M. Diez coll., 1♂ (IBSP 692); São Paulo, Parque Estadual do Jaraguá (46°45’20.55”W; 23°27’32.69”S), 22.iii.2013, R.P. Indicatti coll., 1♂ (IBSP 4640).

Iguazus Chamberlin, 1952

Camptomorpha (necSilvestri, 1897), Attems, 1938: 73 (in part, ornithopus Brölemann); Schubart, 1943: 147 (in part, ornithopus and phoenicopterus). Type species: Leptodesmus ornithopusBrölemann, 1902a.

IguazusChamberlin, 1952: 568. Type species: I. leiusChamberlin, 1952, by original designation and monotype; Jeekel, 1971: 267; Hoffman, 1980: 154; Bouzan et al. 2017.

HoffmanodesmusSchubart, 1962: 255. Type species: Leptodesmus ornithopus (Brölemann 1902a), by original designation. Hoffman, 1965: 219 (Syn.).

Iguazus ornithopus (Brölemann, 1902)

Leptodesmus ornithopusBrölemann, 1902a: 87, Figs. 90-92 (One male and two females syntypes, MZSP, from Cerqueira César, 46°40’04.51”W; 23°33’34.28”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Brölemann, 1909: 70.

Camptomorpha ornithopus:Attems, 1938: 73; Schubart, 1943: 148, 1952: 403, 1955: 510, 1958: 204; Golovatch et al., 2005: 277.

Camptomorpha phoenicopterus:Schubart, 1943: 147, Figs. 46-47 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Itapura, 51°27’07.06”W; 20°36’52.48”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Schubart, 1962: 255 (Syn.).

Iguazus leiusChamberlin, 1952: 568, Fig. 17 (Male holotype, one male and six female paratypes, FMNH, from Cataratas do Iguaçu, Misiones province, 54°26’57.13”W; 25°41’51.47”S, Argentina); Schubart, 1954: 131; Hoffman, 1965: 221 (Syn.).

Hoffmanodesmus ornithopus:Schubart, 1962: 254.

Iguazus ornithopus:Hoffman, 1965: 221, Fig. 1.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Cerqueira César (46°40’10.78”W; 23°33’35.09”S), xii, no coll., 1♂ 2♀ (Brölemann, 1902a); São Manoel (48°34’07.35”W; 22°44’02.82”S), 09.xii.1943, R.L. Araujo coll., 1♂ 1♀; Leme (47°23’05.85”W; 22°10’53.50”S), 26.xi.1948, F.P. Monteiro & O. Schubart coll., ♂ ♀; 10.xii.1948, J. Schubart & F.P. Monteiro coll., ♂ ♀; Pirassununga (47°25’36.23”W; 21°59’55.81”S), 26.xi.1948, O. Schubart coll., 1♂; Brotas (487’31.35”W; 22°16’47.57”S), 11.ii.1945, J. Schubart coll., 1♂; Novo Horizonte (49°13’25.05”W; 21°28’6.94”S), 04.xi.1944, R.L. Araujo coll., 4♂ 1♀; Avanhandava (49°56’46.60”W; 21°27’42.81”S), 1903, E. Garbe coll., 3♂ (Schubart, 1955); Itapura (51°29’02.82”W; 20°38’29.93”S), 16.x.1938, Equipe Instituto Oswaldo Cruz coll., 1♂ (Schubart, 1943).

New records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Piracicaba (47°39’00.03”W; 22°43’59.56”S), 09.xi.1992, A. Eterovic coll., 1♂ 3♀ (IBSP 1146); Ribeirão Preto, Floresta de Santa Tereza (47°50’51.36”W; 21°13’09.86”S), 06-11.i.2006, I. Cizauskas coll., 1♂ 1♀ (IBSP 3576).

Strongylosomides Attems, 1901

StrongylosomidesAttems, 1901: 89. Type species: Leptodesmus (Strongylosomides) petropolites by monotypy, proposed as a subgenus of Leptodesmus;Attems, 1931: 51 (status changed); 1938: 97; Schubart, 1955: 510; Hoffman, 1979b: 19, 1980: 155.

Strongylosomides azevedoi (Schubart, 1945)

Leptodesmus azevedoiSchubart, 1945b: 306, Figs. 4-5 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Amparo, 46°46’24.32”W; 22°42’25.14”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Schubart, 1955: 525.

Strongylosomides azevedoi:Hoffman, 1979b: 23.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Amparo (46°46’24.32”W; 22°42’25.14”S), 21.vii.1943, no coll., 1 undetermined; 30.x-01.xi.1943, no coll., 4♂ 1♀ 2 juv. (Schubart, 1945b).

Strongylosomides cylindricus (Brölemann, 1902)

Leptodesmus cylindricusBrölemann, 1902a: 71, Figs. 50-55 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Piquete, 45°10’44.99”W; 22°36’53.51”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Brölemann, 1909: 66.

Strongylosomides cylindricus:Attems, 1938: 98, Fig. 115; Schubart, 1955: 510; Hoffman, 1979a: 23.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Piquete (45°10’44.99”W; 22°36’53.51”S), i.1897, no coll., 1♂ (Brölemann, 1902a).

Strongylosomides cognatus (Brölemann, 1902)

Leptodesmus cognatusBrölemann, 1902a: 73, Figs. 56-60 (Male holotype, MZSP, from Alto da Serra (= Serra de Paranapiacaba), Santo André, 46°18’59.55”W; 23°47’00.02”S, São Paulo, Brazil); Brölemann, 1909: 65.

Camptomorpha cognatus:Attems, 1938: 72, Fig. 84; Schubart, 1943: 148, 1955: 511.

Camptomorphoides cognatus:Schubart, 1962: 254.

Strongylosomides cognatus:Hoffman, 1979a: 23.

Historical records: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Santo André, Alto da Serra (= Serra de Paranapiacaba) (46°18’59.55”W; 23°47’00.02”S), no data, no coll., 1♂ 1♀ (Brölemann, 1902a).

CONCLUSIONS

Since the chelodesmidan fauna has been studied in Brazil from the beginning of the 19^th century, 11 genera and 68 species were recorded from the state of São Paulo (Schubart, 1955), including erroneously some species recorded from the municipalities of Itatiaia and Rezende from the state of Rio de Janeiro (Schubart, 1955). Based on the data presented herein, 64 species (of ca. 800 species) and 15 genera (of 171 genera) are recorded from São Paulo. Among these species, 30 have only one register documented in the state, and 11 species occurs in other states, as Eurydesmus aguirrei, Leptodesmus godoii, Leptodesmus tridentatus, Brasilodesmus lamellosus, Henrisaussurea ramosa (Minas Gerais state), Leptodesmus defensus (Goiás state), Brasilodesmus decipiens, Leptodesmus pubescens (Paraná state), Brasilodesmus catharinensis (Santa Catarina and Paraná states), Atlantodesmus itapurensi (Mato Grosso Sul state), and Iguazus ornithopus (Mato Grosso do Sul state and Argentina). The most distributed species in São Paulo is Brasilodesmus paulistus paulistus (Strongylomorphini) with 52 records. For 12 species, new records in the state were added, and four species were recorded for the first time to São Paulo (Leptodesmus defensus, L. tridentatus, L. pubescens and Brasilodesmus decipiens).

The occurrence of the genus Camptomorpha (Lepturodesmini) is under doubt, since the species C. iheringi is no longer part of the current classification of the genus (Hoffman, 1953), but at the same time that was not included in another genus. The same situation is referred to some species previously described as belonging to Leptodesmus, after the last revision of the genus by Hoffman (1971).

For the state of São Paulo, the main areas with the most number of records are resulted of successive collection efforts by Schubart, especially for regions from Paranapiacaba (known as Alto da Serra) and Pirassununga (and neighboring municipalities). According to Oliveira et al. (2016), most of the Brazilian terrestrial biodiversity (including data of the polydesmidan group) has a pattern of spatially based collection effort, especially in roadside areas. This pattern is highly related to the species of Chelodesmidae from São Paulo, since most of the material was collected in farms and Research Stations (Schubart, 1944, 1955, 1960). It is important to highlight that these regions are also relevant for other millipedes groups in the state, especially for Paradoxosomatidae (Schubart, 1944, 1945a; Nguyen & Sierwald, 2013), Spirostreptida (Spirostreptidae and Pseudonannolenidae) (Krabbe, 1982; Jeekel, 2004; Iniesta & Ferreira, 2014), and Spirobolida (genus Rhinocricus) (Schubart, 1951c; Marek et al., 2003).

Since one of the first catalogs of millipedes from Brazil, Schubart has already emphasized the fast rate of environmental degradation from São Paulo state (Schubart, 1955). This fact is more worrying for the species with a single occurrence, since their distribution are from municipalities with small fragments of native forest nowadays. Until the moment, it is clear an underestimation Brazilian millipede fauna. Even for the regions with previous studies, as to southeast region (Brölemann, 1902a; Schubart 1944, 1945b, 1951a, 1955), Pantanal (Golovatch et al., 2005) and central Amazonia (Adis et al., 2002), there are still a large gap on the real richness of the species, making it necessary further studies to provide information concerning the millipede fauna from Brazil.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This work was supported by CNPq/PIBIC-IC 105077/2015-1 grant to RSB; LFMI was supported partially by a scholarship from CAPES and by grant 2016/24248-0 São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP); CNPq 301776/2004-0 grant to ADB and CNPq 143049/2011-9 grant to JPPPB. The authors are grateful to the team from MZSP library for all assistance and to L. Pedroso for correcting the English version.

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• Silvestri, F. 1897. Viaggio del Dott. Alfredo Borelli nel Chaco boliviano e nella Repubblica Argentina. IV. Chilopodi e Diplopod. Bollettino del Musei di Zoologia e di Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino, 12: 1-11.
• Silvestri, F. 1902. Viaggio del Dr. A. Borelli nel Matto Grosso. VII. Diplopodi. Bollettino del musei di Zoologia e di Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino, 17: 1-25.
• Trajano, E.; Golovatch, S.; Geoffroy, J.J.; Pinto-da-Rocha, R. & Fontanetti, C.S. 2000. Synopsis of Brazilian cave-dwelling millipedes (Diplopoda). Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 41: 259-287.
• Verhoeff, K.W. 1927. Klasse Diplopoda 4. In: Bronn, H.G. (Ed.). Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs.5. Gliederfüssler. Arthropoda, 2. Myriapoda. Leipzig, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft. p. 481-640.

• 1
  Edited by: Marcelo Duarte
• Published with the financial support of the "Programa de Apoio às Publicações Científicas Periódicas da USP"
• 3
  Seção de Publicações - Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  2018

History

• Received
  21 June 2017
• Accepted
  28 Sept 2017