Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Human Periostin and Enamel Matrix Derivative (Emdogain<sup>®</sup>) on Proliferation and Migration of Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts

Mishra, Swastik; Varghese, Jothi M.; Kabekkodu, Shama Prasada

doi:10.1590/pboci.2026.004

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Pesqui. Bras. Odontopediatria Clín. Integr. 26 • 2026 • https://doi.org/10.1590/pboci.2026.004 linkcopy

Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Human Periostin and Enamel Matrix Derivative (Emdogain^®) on Proliferation and Migration of Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective: To explore the proliferative and wound-healing potential of Periostin and Emdogain^® on periodontal fibroblasts.

Material and Methods: Human PDL (hPDL) fibroblasts were cultured and treated with two biological agents, Emdogain^® and Periostin. The Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) served as the control. The cytotoxic effects of Emdogain^® and Periostin were analyzed using the Clonogenic assay. Cell viability was estimated using the CCK-8 assay. Further, the migratory potential of the hPDL fibroblasts was assessed using the scratch migration assay.

Results: The results showed that 1/1000 dilution of Emdogain^® and 1/10 dilution of Periostin had the highest cell survival fraction (p<0.05). In the CCK-8 assay, Emdogain^® displayed maximum cell viability compared to Periostin (p=0.000) and control (p=0.006). The PDL fibroblasts' migratory rate corresponded to the experimental agents' wound-healing potential. Emdogain^® presented with earlier wound closure compared to Periostin (p=0.002) and control (p=0.000).

Conclusion: Thus, based on the results of this study, Periostin may be a viable biologic agent for promoting periodontal regeneration.

Keywords:
Periostin; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; Wound Healing; Periodontal Ligament

Variables	Mean and Standard Deviation	p-value⁺^#
Experimental Groups with Different Dilutions
Control	8.00 ± 1.0	0.001*
Emdogain^® 1:10	19 ± 1.0
Emdogain^®1:100	16.33 ± 1.528
Emdogain^®:1000	28.00 ± 1.0
Periostin 1:10	18 ± 2.0	0.001*
Periostin 1:100	14.33 ± 1.52
Periostin 1:1000	16 ± 1.0
Intergroup Comparison within Experimental Groups	Concentration	p-value⁺⁺
Emdogain^®	1:10	0.42
Periostin
Emdogain^®	1:100	0.18
Periostin
Emdogain^®	1:1000	0.0001*
Periostin

Variables	Groups	Mean	p-value
Between the groups using the CCK-8 assay at different time intervals
0-hour	Control	100.00	0
0-hour	Emdogain^®	100.00
0-hour	Periostin	100.00
48 hours	Control	116.7080333	0.0001*
48 hours	Emdogain^®	133.5410667
48 hours	Periostin	75.4615333
96 hours	Control	129.5886333	0.0001*
96 hours	Emdogain^®	149.2368333
96 hours	Periostin	104.4258833
Within the groups using the CCK-8 assay at different time intervals
Control	0-hour	100.000000	0.0001*
Control	48 hours	116.708033
Control	96 hours	129.588633
Emdogain^®	0-hour	100.000000	0.0001*
Emdogain^®	48 hours	133.541067
Emdogain^®	96 hours	149.236833
Periostin	0-hour	100.0000000	0.0001*
Periostin	48 hours	75.4615333
Periostin	96 hours	104.4258833

Variables	Groups	Mean	p-value
Between the groups using the scratch migration assay at different time intervals
24 hours	Control	50.02	0.36
24 hours	Emdogain^®	53.728667
24 hours	Periostin	51.729733
48 hours	Control	84.7066667	0.0001*
48 hours	Emdogain^®	100.0000000
48 hours	Periostin	91.8697000
72 hours	Control	100.0	0
72 hours	Emdogain^®	100.0
72 hours	Periostin	100.0
Within the groups using the scratch migration assay at different time intervals.
Control	24 hours	50.0200	0.0001*
Control	48 hours	84.7067
Control	72 hours	100.0000
Emdogain^®	24 hours	53.7286	0.0001*
Emdogain^®	48 hours	100.0
Emdogain^®	72 hours	100.0
Periostin	24 hours	51.7297	0.0001*
Periostin	48 hours	91.86970
Periostin	72 hours	100.0

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[TFN1] ⁺ANOVA test; ^#Bonferroni Post hoc Test; ⁺⁺Independent ‘t’ test; *Statistically Significant.

Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Human Periostin and Enamel Matrix Derivative (Emdogain®) on Proliferation and Migration of Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts

ABSTRACT

Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Human Periostin and Enamel Matrix Derivative (Emdogain^®) on Proliferation and Migration of Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts