Prevalence of Caries and Periodontal Disease Among Indonesian Pregnant Women

Random samples of pregnant women attending eight public health centers were examined. Their periodontal and caries statuses were examined using the Community Periodontal Index, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index and DMF-T. The good criteria of OHI-S ranged from 0 to 1.2, the fair from 1.3 to 3.0 and the poor from 3.1 to 6.0. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the absolute and relative frequencies.

Results:

84.7% had caries and the DMF-T index score was 4.34 (fair). 73% suffered gingival bleeding, 34% with 4-5 mm pocket depth, 2% with 6 mm or deeper pocket depth, while the majority had good oral hygiene. The prevalence of 4-5 mm probing pocket depth increased between the first and second trimesters (12.1% to 48.5%), before undergoing a slight decrease in the third trimester (39.4%). Gingival bleeding was found to be most prevalent in the third trimester. Pocket depth of 4-5 mm was found to be highest in the second trimester. Pocket depth of 6 mm or more was restricted to the third trimester. Oral hygiene scores increased in tandem with gestational age.

Conclusion:

The majority had caries, which strongly suggests that the awareness of the pregnant women regarding their oral hygiene remains limited.

Keywords:
Pregnant Women; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Diseases; Dental Caries

Gestational Age	Without BOP		With BOP
	N	%	N	%
1^st Trimester	5	19.2	8	11.1
2^nd Trimester	10	38.5	26	36.1
3^rd Trimester	11	42.3	38	52.8
Total	26	100.0	72	100.0

Gestational Age	No PPD		4 - 5 mm PPD		> 6 mm PPD		Total
	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
1^st Trimester	9	14.3	4	12.1	0	0.0	13	13.3
2^nd Trimester	20	31.7	16	48.5	0	0.0	36	36.7
3^rd Trimester	34	54.0	13	39.4	2	100.0	49	50.0
Total	63	100.0	33	100.0	2	100.0	98	100.0

Gestational Age	Good		Fair		Poor		Total
	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
1^st Trimester	5	18.5	7	12.1	1	7.7	13	13.3
2^nd Trimester	13	48.1	20	34.5	3	23.1	36	36.7
3^rd Trimester	9	33.4	31	53.4	9	69.2	49	50.0
Total	27	27.5	58	59.2	13	13.3	98	100.0

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[1] Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: Udijanto Tedjosasongko, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jalan Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 47, Surabaya, Indonesia. 60132. Phone: +6231 5030255. E-mail: udijanto@fkg.unair.ac.id.