Pain Perception and Rate of Canine Retraction Through Self-Ligating Brackets and Conventional Elastomeric Ligation System: A Split Mouth Study

Qamruddin, Irfan; Khan, Asma Gul; Asif, Fatima Muhmmad; Karim, Meanaz; Nowrin, Shifat A.; Shahid, Fazal; Alam, Mohammad Khursheed

doi:10.1590/pboci.2020.034

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Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Pesqui. Bras. Odontopediatria Clín. Integr. 20 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/pboci.2020.034 copy

Pain Perception and Rate of Canine Retraction Through Self-Ligating Brackets and Conventional Elastomeric Ligation System: A Split Mouth Study

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective:

To evaluate the rate of tooth movement and the pain perception via self-ligating (SL) and conventional elastomeric ligation brackets (CB) system.

Material and Methods:

This study has been conducted at the Orthodontic Department of Baqai Dental College, Baqai Medical University. The sample size of this study comprised 40 patients, falling between the age of 12-30 years without any sex discrimination. Shapiro-Wilk was used to check the distribution of data. Non-parametric Mann Whitney U test was applied to evaluate the pain associated with SL and CB brackets system. To analysis the canine retraction Wilcoxon test was applied for the comparison of CB and SL brackets system. For all statistical analyses, the p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

Pain level associated with retraction via CB and SL shows significant differences. However, the rate of canine retraction via CB and SL shows no significant differences at stages T0-T1 and T1-T2. However, stage T2-T3 shows a significant difference.

Conclusion:

As pain during orthodontic treatment is mostly associated with the level of compression of the periodontal ligament, it may be hypothesized that lower frictional forces generate less compression of the periodontal ligament and blood vessels, and so alter the type of pain experienced.

Keywords:
Orthodontics; Tooth Movement Techniques; Orthodontic Brackets

Days	Smart Clip (Mean Ranking)	Conventional Bracket (Mean Ranking)	p-value
1	26.90	54.10	0.0001^* * Significant at p<0.05 (Mann Whitney U test).
2	27.50	53.50	0.0001^* * Significant at p<0.05 (Mann Whitney U test).
3	26.50	54.50	0.0001^* * Significant at p<0.05 (Mann Whitney U test).
4	26.50	54.50	0.0001^* * Significant at p<0.05 (Mann Whitney U test).
5	25.30	55.70	0.0001^* * Significant at p<0.05 (Mann Whitney U test).
6	28.90	52.10	0.0001^* * Significant at p<0.05 (Mann Whitney U test).
7	32.50	48.50	0.0001^* * Significant at p<0.05 (Mann Whitney U test).

Days	Smart Clip (Mean Ranking)	Conventional Bracket (Mean Ranking)	p-value
1	27.45	53.55	0.0001^* * Significant at p<0.05 (Mann Whitney U test).
2	26.00	55.00	0.0001^* * Significant at p<0.05 (Mann Whitney U test).
3	26.39	54.61	0.0001^* * Significant at p<0.05 (Mann Whitney U test).
4	24.74	56.26	0.0001^* * Significant at p<0.05 (Mann Whitney U test).
5	23.63	57.38	0.0001^* * Significant at p<0.05 (Mann Whitney U test).
6	23.86	57.14	0.0001^* * Significant at p<0.05 (Mann Whitney U test).
7	28.50	52.50	0.0001^* * Significant at p<0.05 (Mann Whitney U test).

Days	Smart Clip (Mean Ranking)	Conventional Bracket (Mean Ranking)	p-value
1	27.95	53.05	0.0001^* * Significant at p<0.05 (Mann Whitney U test).
2	25.91	55.09	0.0001^* * Significant at p<0.05 (Mann Whitney U test).
3	25.18	55.83	0.0001^* * Significant at p<0.05 (Mann Whitney U test).
4	24.68	56.33	0.0001^* * Significant at p<0.05 (Mann Whitney U test).
5	23.96	57.04	0.0001^* * Significant at p<0.05 (Mann Whitney U test).
6	24.06	56.94	0.0001^* * Significant at p<0.05 (Mann Whitney U test).
7	28.73	52.28	0.0001^* * Significant at p<0.05 (Mann Whitney U test).

Measurements	CB		SL		p-value
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
T0-T1	0.89	0.31	0.82	0.21	0.168
T1-T2	0.82	0.37	0.86	0.33	0.491
T2-T3	0.93	0.33	0.82	0.24	0.020^* * Significant difference (Wilcoxon test).

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[1] Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Associate Professor, Orthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, KSA. Phone: +966535602339. E-mail: dralam@gmail.com.