Relationship Knowledge Transmission of COVID-19 and Fear of Dental Care During Pandemic in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Pasiga, Burhanuddin Daeng

doi:10.1590/pboci.2021.017

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Pesqui. Bras. Odontopediatria Clín. Integr. 21 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/pboci.2021.017 copy

Relationship Knowledge Transmission of COVID-19 and Fear of Dental Care During Pandemic in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To determine the relationship of transmission of COVID-19 virus knowledge with dental care during a pandemic.

Material and Methods:

Online questionnaire using Google forms distributed through social media (WhatsApp groups, Facebook, line groups) using a combination of convenience and snowball sampling. The level of knowledge about coronavirus transmission was measured using a questionnaire consisting of 5 statement items. This questionnaire uses the Guttman scale with 3 response and anxiety categories for dental care as measured using a modified questionnaire from the Dental Fear Survey. This questionnaire consisted of 9 question items using a Likert scale.

Results:

285 respondents came from WhatsApp media users (89.9%) with an average age of 29.91 years. Respondents who experienced "dental health problems" during the pandemic were 44.7%. The knowledge of respondents about the transmission of the COVID-19 virus in dental care was 79.9% and the knowledge of the fear of caring during the pandemic period was 31.85% afraid. Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between knowledge about transmission of the COVID-19 virus and fear of dental care (rs=0.388, p<0.001).

Conclusion:

The results obtained have a significant relationship between knowledge about transmission and fear for dental care during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Sulawesi Province.

Keywords:
SARS Virus; Coronavirus Infections; Dental Care; Fear

Variables	N	%
Age
< 18 Years	16	5.6
≥ 18 Years	269	94.4
Sex
Male	100	35.1
Female	185	64.9
Education
Junior High School	8	2.8
Senior High School	95	33.3
Diploma	19	6.7
Bachelor	145	50.9
Master	12	4.2
Doctor	6	2.1
Employee
College Student	151	55.1
Government Employees	45	15.8
General Employees	39	13.7
Entrepreneurs / Traders	15	5.3
Other Occupations	15	5.3
Does Not Work	20	7.0

Variables	N	%
Dental and Oral Health Problems^* * More than one possible answer.
Cavities / Toothache / Tooth Ache	73	55.7
Thrush / Oral Cavity Injury	41	31.3
Bleeding Gums	32	24.4
Swollen Gums	21	16.0
Bad Breath	21	16.0
Remaining Tooth Root	16	12.2
Rocking Teeth	6	4.6
New Growing Teeth	3	2.3
Control Orthodontic Treatment	2	1.5
Broken Teeth	1	0.8
Type of Treatment Performed (N = 131)
Self Medication	56	42.7
No Treatment was Done	41	31.3
Online Consultation with Dentists	18	13.7
Call My Dentist	8	6.1
Go to a Clinic / Dentist's Office	8	6.1
Reasons for not Visiting the Dentist (N = 123)
I Don't Need to go to the Dentist's Clinic / Practice	42	34.1
Limited Dental Health Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic	34	27.6
I am Afraid of Contracting Corona Virus Through Dental Care	32	26.0
I Have Never Been to a Dental Clinic / Clinic	10	8.1
I Have Always Been Afraid of Dental Treatment	5	4.1

Variables	N	%
Source of Information
One Source of Information	117	53.2
Two Sources of Information	44	20.0
Three Sources of Information	31	14.1
Four Information Sources	16	7.3
Five Information Sources	11	5.0
Six Sources of Information	1	0.4
Total	220	100.0
Media Type^* * More than one possible answer.
Social Media	137	62.3
Internet	112	50.9
Medical Personnel	69	31.4
Television	54	24.5
Friend	37	16.8
Newspaper	14	6.4

	Answers
Questions	Yes		No		Not Know
	N	%	N	%	N	%
Do you think there is a risk of contracting the corona virus if you are in close proximity to a patient or dentist during dental treatment during the Covid-19 pandemic?	247	86.7	7	2.4	31	10.9
Do you think there is a risk of contracting the coronavirus if it touches an instrument or object in a clinic / dentist's practice that is affected by droplets (dripping from coughing / sneezing) during dental treatment during the Covid-19 pandemic	254	89.1	2	0.7	29	10.2
Do you think that the coronavirus can be transmitted through aerosols (water droplets containing droplets of patients) when using dental burs?	199	69.8	7	2.4	79	27.7
Do you think that the coronavirus can enter a person's body through the oral mucosa (a layer of mucous membranes in the mouth) during dental treatment?	209	73.3	7	2.4	69	24.2
Do you think that the coronavirus is at risk of being transmitted through saliva mixed with droplets from patients contracting the coronavirus during dental care?	230	80.7	2	0.7	53	18.6

Questions	No Fear	A Little Afraid	Enough Afraid	Fear	Very Afraid
	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)
Q1 - Do you feel afraid to go to the dental clinic / practice during the COVID-19 pandemic?	31 (10.9)	76 (26.7)	82 (28.8)	77 (27.0)	19 (6.7)
Q2 - Do you feel afraid to sit in the waiting chair of the clinic / dentist's practice during the COVID-19 pandemic?	53 (18.6)	80 (28.1)	84 (29.5)	57 (20.0)	11 (3.8)
Q3 - Do you feel afraid of taking dental x-rays during the COVID-19 pandemic?	61 (21.4)	73 (25.6)	81 (28.4)	58 (20.3)	12 (4.2)
Q5 - Did you (i) feel afraid to sit / lie in the dental chair during the COVID-19 pandemic?	46 (16.1)	84 (29.5)	73 (25.6)	70 (24.6)	12 (4.2)
Q6 - Do you feel afraid to make direct contact with health personnel in the clinic / dentist's practice during the COVID-19 pandemic?	39 (13.7)	82 (28.8)	82 (28.8)	67 (23.5)	15 (5.2)
Q7 - Do you feel afraid to do a dental examination using a mouth glass during the COVID-19 pandemic?	41 (14.4)	67 (23.5)	82 (28.7)	78 (27.4)	17 (6.0)
Q8 - Do you (i) feel afraid to do a dental treatment using dental burs (producing aerosols) during the COVID-19 pandemic?	27 (9.5)	73 (25.6)	76 (26.6)	90 (31.6)	19 (6.7)
Q9 - Do you (i) feel afraid to do dental treatment that causes bleeding (e.g., pulling teeth) during the COVID-19 pandemic?	37 (13.0)	59 (20.7)	81 (28.4)	87 (30.5)	21 (7.4)
If all things are considered, what level of fear do you have for dental care during the COVID-19 pandemic?	21 (7.3)	72 (25.3)	95 (33.3)	74 (26.0)	23 (8.1)

Variables	Mean	SD	p-value	rs
Knowledge About Transmission	4.00	1.47	0.001^* * Correlation of Spearman Rho (rs); *Statistically Significant.	0.388
Fear for Dental Care	25.79	8.63

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[1] Correspondence: Burhanuddin D. Pasiga, Hasanuddin University - Department of Dental Public Health, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km 10, Makassar, Indonesia, 90245. E-mail:bpasiga@gmail.com