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Risk Factors and Protection Associated with Postpartum Depression in Psychological Prenatal Care

Abstract:

The general objectives of this research were: a) to identify risk and protection factors associated with Postpartum Depression (PPD); and b) to evaluate the contribution of Psychological Prenatal Care (PNP) as a prevention program in Women's Health. For this, an action research was organized in three phases, gathering a total of 198 pregnant women. In the last phase, the participants were divided into Intervention Group – GI (n = 47) and Control Group – GC (n = 29). For data collection, we used: Gestational Questionnaire, BAI, BDI-II and EPDS. Data were submitted to descriptive and comparative statistical analyses. It was not possible to relate socioeconomic variables, participation in PNP and desire for pregnancy with a higher risk of PPD. In contrast, there was such association between unplanned pregnancy and lack of support from the baby's father. Contrary to GC, there was no association between gestational anxiety and depression with GD in GI. In this group, 10.64% of postpartum women showed a tendency for PPD, whereas in CG, 44.83% showed such propensity. In short, it is considered that PNP, together with protective factors, is a preventive action to be developed by the Psychology professional in the context of pre and postnatal follow-up.

Keywords:
Postpartum Depression; Risk factors; Protection Factors; Prevention; Prenatal

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