Response of Wheat Plants to Combinations of Herbicides with Insecticides and Fungicides

VIECELLI, M.; PAGNONCELLI JR., F.B.; TREZZI, M.M.; CAVALHEIRO, B.M.; GOBETTI, R.C.R.

doi:10.1590/S0100-83582019370100068

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Article • Planta daninha 37 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582019370100068 copy

Response of Wheat Plants to Combinations of Herbicides with Insecticides and Fungicides

Resposta de Plantas de Trigo a Associação de Herbicidas com Inseticidas e Fungicidas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

The combination of herbicides and other pesticides can influence weed and crop management. This study aimed to evaluate the response of the combination of different herbicides with insecticides or fungicides of different chemical groups on the development and yield of wheat grains of the cultivar ORS Vintecinco. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. The experiment consisted of 33 treatments, as follows: control without application and application of the herbicides 2,4-D (1,005 g a.e. ha-1), bentazon (756 g a.i. ha-1), metsulfuron-methyl (3 g a.i. ha-1), and pyroxsulam (16 g a.i. ha-1), isolated or combined with the insecticides chlorfluazuron (15 g a.i. ha-1), chlorpyrifos (720 g a.i. ha-1), deltamethrin (5 g a.i. ha-1), and methomyl (5 g a.i. ha-1) or with the fungicides azoxystrobin (100 g a.i. ha-1), carbendazim (250 g a.i. ha-1), and propiconazole (190 g a.i. ha-1). Relative tolerance (RT), shoot dry matter (SDM), yield components, and grain yield were evaluated. In general, pyroxsulam had the highest number of synergistic interactions with insecticides and fungicides, reducing RT and SDM, especially the combination pyroxsulam + chlorpyrifos due to a lower RT level (45%) and higher SDM reduction (52%). All combinations of herbicides with the insecticide chlorpyrifos and most of the combinations with the fungicide propiconazole led to a reduction of grain yield when compared to their isolated application or to control without application.

Keywords:
Triticum aestivum; synergism; antagonism; tolerance; grain yield

Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas Departamento de Fitotecnia - DFT, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, 36570-000 - Viçosa-MG - Brasil, Tel./Fax::(+55 31) 3899-2611 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
E-mail: rpdaninha@gmail.com

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[1] * Corresponding author: <mviecelli@gmail.com>

Textural composition		Chemical characteristics
Fraction	%	Properties	Values
Clay	55.7	OM ⁽¹⁾	49.50
Sand	3.0	P₂O₅ ⁽²⁾	14.32
Silt	41.3	K₂O ⁽³⁾	0.70
		CEC ⁽⁴⁾	17.63
		pH⁽⁵⁾	5.6
		H+Al ⁽⁶⁾	5.35

Treatment			Relative tolerance (%)
	Herbicide	Insecticide	5 DAA		10 DAA		20 DAA		40 DAA
	Herbicide	Fungicide*	5 DAA		10 DAA		20 DAA		40 DAA
1	Control treatment		100.00	a	100.00	a	100.00	a	100.00	a
2	2,4-D	-	95.17	a	93.21	a	86.86	a	97.76	a
3	Bentazon	-	95.67	a	97.00	a	100.00	a	98.33	a
4	Metsulfuron	-	86.67	b	96.33	a	96.67	a	98.33	a
5	Pyroxsulam	-	89.00	b	85.67	b	91.67	a	95.00	a
6	2,4-D	Chlorfluazuron	93.33	a	97.33	a	91.67	a	100.00	a
7	Bentazon	Chlorfluazuron	91.64	a	95.74	a	94.44	a	97.76	a
8	Metsulfuron	Chlorfluazuron	83.33	b	95.00	a	95.00	a	96.67	a
9	Pyroxsulam	Chlorfluazuron	75.00	c	65.00	c	85.00	b	95.00	a
10	2,4-D	Chlorpyrifos	85.00	b	90.67	a	93.33	a	95.00	a
11	Bentazon	Chlorpyrifos	75.47	c	82.1	b	96.96	a	95.23	a
12	Metsulfuron	Chlorpyrifos	66.67	d	60.00	c	68.33	c	85.00	a
13	Pyroxsulam	Chlorpyrifos	60.00	d	48.33	d	45.00	d	50.00	b
14	2,4-D	Deltamethrin	93.33	a	98.33	a	93.33	a	100.00	a
15	Bentazon	Deltamethrin	95.00	a	94.67	a	100.00	a	100.00	a
16	Metsulfuron	Deltamethrin	83.33	b	94.00	a	100.00	a	100.00	a
17	Pyroxsulam	Deltamethrin	73.33	c	63.33	c	81.67	b	93.33	a
18	2,4-D	Methomyl	97.33	a	99.00	a	98.33	a	97.33	a
19	Bentazon	Methomyl	95.67	a	95.67	a	100.00	a	98.33	a
20	Metsulfuron	Methomyl	82.33	b	95.00	a	96.67	a	100.00	a
21	Pyroxsulam	Methomyl	68.33	d	73.33	c	83.33	b	95.00	a
22	2,4-D	Azoxystrobin	71.67	c	80.00	b	81.67	b	95.00	a
23	Bentazon	Azoxystrobin	78.33	c	80.00	b	93.33	a	98.33	a
24	Metsulfuron	Azoxystrobin	84.33	b	86.67	b	98.33	a	100.00	a
25	Pyroxsulam	Azoxystrobin	70.00	d	61.67	c	76.67	b	88.33	a
26	2,4-D	Carbendazim	85.67	b	98.00	a	95.67	a	95.67	a
27	Bentazon	Carbendazim	96.67	a	97.00	a	99.00	a	100.00	a
28	Metsulfuron	Carbendazim	86.67	b	95.67	a	96.67	a	100.00	a
29	Pyroxsulam	Carbendazim	73.33	c	61.67	c	80.00	b	90.00	a
30	2,4-D	Propiconazole	80.00	c	88.33	b	95.00	a	95.67	a
31	Bentazon	Propiconazole	92.33	a	95.67	a	100	a	100.00	a
32	Metsulfuron	Propiconazole	80.67	c	93.33	a	100	a	100.00	a
33	Pyroxsulam	Propiconazole	74.00	c	68.33	c	80.00	b	96.67	a
CV(%)**			7.83		7.84		6.04		5.28

Treatment			SDM (%)
Herbicide		Insecticide or Fungicide*	20 DAA		40 DAA
1	Control treatment		100.00	a	100.00	b
2	2,4-D	-	109.79	a	95.59	b
3	Bentazon	-	86.94	a	87.79	b
4	Metsulfuron	-	97.17	a	75.41	c
5	Pyroxsulam	-	132.33	a	74.87	c
6	2,4-D	Chlorfluazuron	94.98	a	90.34	b
7	Bentazon	Chlorfluazuron	103.90	a	79.22	c
8	Metsulfuron	Chlorfluazuron	96.44	a	80.68	d
9	Pyroxsulam	Chlorfluazuron	83.12	b	94.32	b
10	2,4-D	Chlorpyrifos	90.30	a	81.54	c
11	Bentazon	Chlorpyrifos	106.03	a	80.08	c
12	Metsulfuron	Chlorpyrifos	70.22	b	70.74	d
13	Pyroxsulam	Chlorpyrifos	51.43	b	47.73	d
14	2,4-D	Deltamethrin	90.58	a	83.53	c
15	Bentazon	Deltamethrin	94.28	a	80.40	c
16	Metsulfuron	Deltamethrin	90.84	a	93.18	b
17	Pyroxsulam	Deltamethrin	104.9	a	85.80	c
18	2,4-D	Methomyl	90.66	a	108.13	a
19	Bentazon	Methomyl	108.99	a	127.45	a
20	Metsulfuron	Methomyl	95.97	a	73.30	c
21	Pyroxsulam	Methomyl	80.86	b	68.18	d
22	2,4-D	Azoxystrobin	80.31	b	83.24	c
23	Bentazon	Azoxystrobin	64.39	b	82.96	c
24	Metsulfuron	Azoxystrobin	98.30	a	84.66	c
25	Pyroxsulam	Azoxystrobin	73.09	b	68.47	d
26	2,4-D	Carbendazim	97.44	a	78.98	c
27	Bentazon	Carbendazim	93.09	a	94.04	b
28	Metsulfuron	Carbendazim	108.28	a	93.47	b
29	Pyroxsulam	Carbendazim	70.99	b	60.51	d
30	2,4-D	Propiconazole	87.77	a	90.91	b
31	Bentazon	Propiconazole	98.86	a	99.90	b
32	Metsulfuron	Propiconazole	85.68	a	87.50	b
33	Pyroxsulam	Propiconazole	96.97	a	94.89	b
CV(%)**			14.75		13.81

Treatment			Yield components
Herbicide		Insecticide or Fungicide*	NFT (no. m^-2)		NGS (no. m^-2)		TGW (g)		GY (kg ha^-1)
1	Control treatment		479.87	a	19.16	c	31.88	a	2976.92	a
2	2,4-D	-	335.75	b	44.68	a	33.36	a	4372.80	a
3	Bentazon	-	424.80	b	32.61	b	29.77	b	3527.84	a
4	Metsulfuron	-	216.33	b	32.35	b	30.66	a	2136.03	b
5	Pyroxsulam	-	503.47	a	21.61	c	33.46	a	3557.32	a
6	2,4-D	Chlorfluazuron	481.83	a	22.33	c	28.39	b	2956.72	a
7	Bentazon	Chlorfluazuron	580.17	a	17.40	c	31.02	a	3083.69	a
8	Metsulfuron	Chlorfluazuron	470.03	a	20.96	c	28.33	b	2795.58	b
9	Pyroxsulam	Chlorfluazuron	499.53	a	16.13	c	26.07	b	2126.37	b
10	2,4-D	Chlorpyrifos	623.43	a	15.65	c	28.46	b	2793.28	b
11	Bentazon	Chlorpyrifos	311.90	b	27.75	b	33.11	a	2585.62	b
12	Metsulfuron	Chlorpyrifos	491.67	a	17.28	c	32.86	a	2802.94	b
13	Pyroxsulam	Chlorpyrifos	597.87	a	16.15	c	27.28	b	2555.08	b
14	2,4-D	Deltamethrin	456.27	a	20.32	c	33.22	a	2947.92	a
15	Bentazon	Deltamethrin	475.93	a	17.83	c	29.02	b	2444.07	b
16	Metsulfuron	Deltamethrin	391.37	b	31.52	b	25.94	b	2928.59	a
17	Pyroxsulam	Deltamethrin	536.90	a	14.66	c	28.49	b	2271.35	b
18	2,4-D	Methomyl	475.93	a	22.71	c	28.75	b	3237.88	a
19	Bentazon	Methomyl	298.93	b	18.87	c	26.91	b	1536.78	b
20	Metsulfuron	Methomyl	521.17	a	20.89	c	31.48	a	3469.85	a
21	Pyroxsulam	Methomyl	501.50	a	17.36	c	28.52	b	2425.99	b
22	2,4-D	Azoxystrobin	544.77	a	21.69	c	32.11	a	3788.80	a
23	Bentazon	Azoxystrobin	493.63	a	20.80	c	31.97	a	3208.88	a
24	Metsulfuron	Azoxystrobin	548.70	a	15.10	c	27.60	b	2087.71	b
25	Pyroxsulam	Azoxystrobin	548.70	a	13.84	c	31.65	a	2377.67	b
26	2,4-D	Carbendazim	483.80	a	23.62	c	29.38	b	3358.70	a
27	Bentazon	Carbendazim	393.33	b	25.19	c	30.49	a	2960.30	a
28	Metsulfuron	Carbendazim	489.70	a	19.01	c	30.04	b	2677.29	b
29	Pyroxsulam	Carbendazim	570.33	a	18.71	c	30.97	a	3291.68	a
30	2,4-D	Propiconazole	472.00	a	25.48	c	33.55	a	3730.81	a
31	Bentazon	Propiconazole	418.90	b	16.85	c	27.77	b	2019.61	b
32	Metsulfuron	Propiconazole	633.27	a	10.91	c	28.69	b	1981.39	b
33	Pyroxsulam	Propiconazole	424.80	b	21.52	c	29.61	b	2677.29	b
CV(%)**			20.48		33.83		8.23		21.6

Insecticide/fungicide	Pyroxsulam		Metsulfuron		Bentazon		2,4-D
Insecticide/fungicide	S-K⁽¹⁾	GGE⁽²⁾	S-K	GGE	S-K	GGE	S-K	GGE
Without association	+⁽³⁾	+⁽⁴⁾	-	-	+	+	+	+
Chlorfluazuron	-	-	-	+	+	-	+	+
Chlorpyrifos	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+
Deltamethrin	-	-	+	+	-	-	+	+
Methomyl	-	-	+	+	-	-	+	+
Azoxystrobin	-	-	-	-	+	-	+	+
Carbendazim	+	+	-	-	+	+	+	+
Propiconazole	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+