Response of Three <i>Chloris elata</i> Populations to Herbicides Sprayed in Pre- and Post-Emergence

CORREIA, N.M.; RESENDE, Í.

doi:10.1590/S0100-83582018360100078

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Article • Planta daninha 36 • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582018360100078 copy

Response of Three Chloris elata Populations to Herbicides Sprayed in Pre- and Post-Emergence

Resposta de Três Populações de Chloris elata a Herbicidas Aplicados em Pré e Pós-Emergência

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

In agricultural areas of Brazil, where there is no establishment of cover crops in the off-season and in fruit orchards, an increase in Chloris elata infestations, syn. Chloris polydactyla, has been observed. With the purpose to evaluate the response of three populations (Itaberaí - GO, Matão - SP e Jaboticabal - SP) of C. elata to herbicides sprayed before and after emergence, four experiments were conducted. In the first one, the differential tolerance of three C. elata populations to the herbicide glyphosate (0, 0.18, 0.36, 0.72, 0.96, 1.44, 2.88, 5.76 and 11.52 kg a.e. ha-1) was studied. In the other experiments, the control of the three populations by herbicides applied in pre-emergence (clomazone, diclosulam, flumioxazin, isoxaflutole, chlorimuron-ethyl, metribuzin, S-metolachlor, sulfentrazone and trifluralin) or in post-emergence (clethodim, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, fluazifop-p-butyl, haloxyfop-methyl, quizalofop-p-tefuryl, mesotrione, nicosulfuron, tembotrione, glufosinate-ammonium, paraquat and glyphosate) was evaluated. The population from Jaboticabal was more susceptible to glyphosate than Itaberaí and Matão, at smaller doses. In pre-emergence, clomazone, isoxaflutole, metribuzin, S-metolachlor and trifluralin were effective in controlling the three populations. The same results were observed for clethodim, fenoxaprop, fluazifop, haloxyfop, quizalofop, paraquat and glyphosate, when sprayed on plants with 2-6 tillers. C. elata populations differed for the herbicides flumioxazin, chlorimuron-ethyl and nicosulfutron.

Keywords:
biotype; tall windmill grass; chemical control; weed

Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas Departamento de Fitotecnia - DFT, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, 36570-000 - Viçosa-MG - Brasil, Tel./Fax::(+55 31) 3899-2611 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
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[1] * Corresponding author: <nubia.correia@embrapa.br>

Variation source	Control		Dry matter 45 DAA
Variation source	15	45	Dry matter 45 DAA
Populations	3.89*	4.09*	3.23*
Glyphosate	1529.43**	2042.04**	749.93**
Populations x glyphosate	3.78**	9.33**	6.93**
VC (%)	4.91	4.39	22.53

Variable	Population	Parameter			C₅₀ or GR₅₀
Variable	Population	A₂	A₁	dx
Control at 15 DAA	Itaberaí	97.902	-0.011	0.034	0.328
	Matão	97.093	-3.386	0.087	0.295
	Jaboticabal	96.298	-0.469	0.058	0.330
Control at 45 DAA	Itaberaí	100.000	-4.066	0.007	0.352
	Matão	99.753	-1.391	0.079	0.350
	Jaboticabal	100.000	-4.271	0.007	0.352
Dry matter at 45 DAA	Itaberaí	-7.704	59.621	0.038	0.275
Dry matter at 45 DAA	Matão	-0.108	58.281	0.093	0.311
Jaboticabal	-0.002	61.699	0.056	0.228

Variation source	Number of plants		Dry matter 45 DAA
Variation source	15	45
Populations	19.21**	5.93**	2.38**
Herbicides	64.99**	77.38**	92.76**
Populations x Herbicides	5.23**	3.30**	2.12*
VC (%)	13.94	13.27	11.91

Herbicide/ Control treatment	Dose (g ha^-1)	Populations
		Itaberaí	Matão	Jaboticabal
		Plant number reduction (%) - 15 DAA
Clomazone	800	100.00 a A⁽¹⁾	100.00 a A	100.00 a A
Diclosulam	35	22.41 b B	75.92 b A	34.18 c B
Flumioxazin	50	80.00 a A	97.99 a A	87.76 b A
Isoxaflutole	37.5	95.56 a A	99.08 a A	100.00 a A
Chlorimuron-ethyl	20	6.11 b B	66.96 b A	14.28 d B
Metribuzin	480	98.52 a A	98.61 a A	97.96 a A
S-metolachlor	1920	100.00 a A	100.00 a A	100.00 a A
Sulfentrazone	400	92.59 a A	96.91 a A	79.59 b A
Trifluralin	810	100.00 a A	100.00 a A	100.00 a A

Herbicide/ Control treatment	Dose (g ha^-1)	Population
		Itaberaí	Matão	Jaboticabal
		Plant number reduction (%) - 45 DAA
Clomazone	800	100.00 a A⁽¹⁾	100.00 a A	100.00 a A
Diclosulam	35	29.85 b C	86.77 a A	69.39 b B
Flumioxazin	50	80.59 a A	93.39 a A	87.76 a A
Isoxaflutole	37.5	96.27 a A	96.11 a A	100.00 a A
Chlorimuron-ethyl	20	8.58 c A	20.52 b A	18.36 c A
Metribuzin	480	98.51 a A	96.11 a A	97.96 a A
S-metolachlor	1920	100.00 a A	100.00 a A	100.00 a A
Sulfentrazone	400	89.55 a A	91.05 a A	79.59 b A
Trifluralin	810	99.25 a A	98.05 a A	100.00 a A

Variation source	Plants with 2-3 tillers			Plants with 5-6 tillers
	Control - DAA		DM 45 DAA	Control - DAA		DM 45 DAA
	15	45	DM 45 DAA	15	45	DM 45 DAA
Populations	4.77*	2.11^ns	3.04^ns	0.66^ns	3.33*	6.51*
Herbicides	162.43**	232.29**	176.24**	292.07**	1056.45**	430.17**
Pop. x Herb.	2.39**	2.12**	1.66*	0.78^ns	1.74*	1.18^ns
VC (%)	14.91	15.66	33.96	13.12	8.42	21.21

Herbicide/ Control treatment	Dose (g ha^-1)	Control (%) 15 DAA	DM (g per planter) 45 DAA
Clethodim	108	62.92 c	0.01 a
Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl	110	60.42 c	0.00 a
Fluazifop-p-butyl	250	61.25 c	0.01 a
Haloxyfop-methyl	60	60.42 c	0.00 a
Quizalofop-p-tefuryl	72	61.25 c	0.11 a
Mesotrione	192	34.58 d	41.09 d
Nicosulfuron	50	0.83 f	33.56 c
Tembotrione	100.8	61.25 c	21.36 b
Ammonium-glufosinate	500	7.50 e	41.09 d
Paraquat	300	96.96 a	2.04 a
Glyphosate	960⁽²⁾	87.29 b	0.00 a
Control treatment	-	0.00 f	46.62 e