Effects of light-dependent herbicides on growth and physiology of <i>Salvia officinalis</i>

T. Jervekani, Mina; Karimmojeni, Hassan; Razmjoo, Jamshid

doi:10.1590/S0100-83582020380100073

Abstract

Background:

Salvia officinalis a medicinal plant which is severely affected by weeds competition.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to determine the growth and physiological responses of S. officinalis to some light-dependent herbicides.

Methods:

A factorial experiment was conducted to determine the effects of oxadiargyl (T), bentazon (B), oxyfluorfen (O), metribuzin (M), phenmedipham+desmedipham (P) at 0.75 (1), 1 (2) and 1.25 (3) rates on growth and physiological parameters of S. officinalis.

Results:

All herbicides initially caused visual injury to S. officinalis. SPAD values were decreased by all herbicide treatments except for low rate of phenmedipham+desmedipham and oxadiargyl. The relative leaf water content (RLWC) decreased following herbicide treatments except in P1, P2, B1, and B2. Membrane stability index decreased by herbicide treatments however there were no differences among control and P1, P2, B1, B2, O1, O3, M3, T1, T2, and T3. All rates of oxyfluorfen and oxadiargyl, P1, B1 and B2 had no marked effect on the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm). Plant growth was not affected by herbicide treatments probably due to the recovery of the plants at the end of the experiment excepting for metribuzin. Essential oil content increased as the herbicide rate increased based on herbicide type.

Conclusions:

The results showed that S. officinalis had the ability to recover over time depending on the herbicide type and rate. Results showed that phenmedipham+desmedipham and bentazon are suitable and metribuzin unsuitable herbicides for weeds selective control in S. officinalis.

Keywords:
bentazon; metribuzin; oxadiargyl; oxyfluorfen; phenmedipham+desmedipham

[1] *Corresponding author: <kmojeni@cc.iut.ac.ir>

Herbicide	Trade name	Chemical class	Chemical formula	Treatment abbreviation	Proportion of labeled use rate
Herbicide	Trade name	Chemical class	Chemical formula	Treatment abbreviation	0.75x(1)	1x(2) (g a.i. ha^-1)	1.25x(3)
Phenmedipham +Desmedipham	Betanal compact	Phenylcarbamate	C₃₂H₃₂N₄O₈	P	616.5	822 (3 L ha^-1, 27.4% EC)	1027.5
Bentazon	Basagran	Benzothiadiazole	C₁₀H₁₂N₂O₃S	B	720.0	960 (2 L ha^-1, 48% SL)	1200.0
Oxyfluorfen	Goal	Diphenyl ether	C₁₅H₁₁ClF₃NO₄	O	360.0	480 (2 L ha^-1, 24% EC)	600.0
Metribuzin	Sencor	Triazinone	C₈H₁₄N₄OS	M	525.0	700 (kg ha^-1, 70% WP)	875.0
Oxadiargyl	Top star	Oxadiazole	C₁₅H₁₄Cl₂N₂O₃	T	675.0	900 (3 L ha^-1, 30% EC)	1125.0
untreated(control)	-	distill water	-	C	-	-	-

Treatment	SPAD	Fo	Fm	V.S.10DAT (%)	V.S.20DAT (%)	V.S.30DAT (%)
P 1	32.88 abc	87 efg	373.17 a	1.3 gh	1.1 hi	1.0 e
P 2	28.53 cd	120.83 bcd	329.33 abc	2.3 fgh	1.6 ghi	1.6 de
P 3	26.53 de	157.50 a	361.33 ab	3.0 e-h	3.0 fgh	2.6 de
B1	31.45 bc	88.00 d-g	316.50 a-d	5.5 d-g	5.6 ef	4.0 de
B 2	30.81 bcd	105.17 de	325.00 abc	4.0 e-h	4.0 e-h	2.3 de
B 3	29.05 cd	140.17 abc	370.00 a	6.0 def	6.0 e	3.0 de
O1	30.88 bcd	55.17 g	277.83 cd	4.3 e-h	5.0 ef	3.8 de
O2	30.21 bcd	64.67 g	280.83 cd	10.0 cd	10.0 d	5.6 de
O3	29.95 cd	71.33 fg	291.17 cd	10.6 c	12.0 d	8.1 d
M1	26.65 de	116.50 cde	253.17 cd	18.3 b	26.6 c	31.6 c
M2	24.21 ef	153.17 ab	270.50 cd	20.0 b	38.3 b	41.6 b
M3	22.05 f	99.50 def	160.33 e	30.0 a	61.6 a	93.3 a
T1	34.58 ab	65.00 g	332.17 abc	3.3 e-h	3.5 e-h	3.5 de
T2	29.63 cd	64.17 g	312.67 a-d	4.6 efg	4.5 efg	4.1 de
T3	31.25 bc	65.33 g	312.67 a-d	7.0 cde	6.16 e	5.8 de
C	37.01 a	54.67 g	297.00 bcd	0.0 h	0.0 i	0.0 e
LSD*	4.38	33.67	64.61	4.53	2.9	6.53

Treatment	SDM (g pot^-1)	RDM (g pot^-1)	Height (cm)	Essential oil (%)
P1	2.41 bcd	1.70 abc	24.81 a-d	1.78 c
P2	2.58 a-d	1.01 def	27.16 a	2.19 abc
P3	2.29 bcd	0.94 ef	26.00 a-d	2.01 bc
B1	3.01 abc	1.79 ab	20.58 cd	2.02 abc
B2	2.55 bcd	1.60 a-e	22.11 a-d	2.18 abc
B3	2.32 bcd	1.64 a-d	21.41 a-d	1.10 de
O1	2.67 abc	1.49 a-e	27.08 ab	1.67 cd
O2	2.40 bcd	1.12 c-f	21.00 a-d	2.43 ab
O3	2.07 cd	1.12 c-f	20.28 cde	2.59 a
M1	1.99 cd	1.07 c-f	14.16 efg	0.56 ef
M2	1.73 d	1.04 c-f	13.28 fg	0.49 f
M3	1.94 cd	0.79 f	12.85 g	0.81 ef
T1	2.62 abc	1.17 b-f	19.66 def	0.34 f
T2	2.41 bcd	1.17 b-f	20.73 bcd	0.80 ef
T3	2.03 cd	1.043 c-f	23.00 a-d	0.89 ef
C	3.42 abc	1.84 a	26.66 abc	1.62 cd
LSD*	0.86	0.66	6.38	0.58

Brasil