Understanding the Competitive Effects of Blessed Milkthistle Densities on Wheat

REHMAN, A.; QAMAR, R.; SAFDAR, M.E.; JAVEED, H.M.R.; SHEHZAD, M.; ALI, M.; ASIF, M.; TARAR, Z.H.; AHMED, A.; JAMIL, M.

doi:10.1590/S0100-83582020380100010

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Article • Planta daninha 38 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582020380100010 copy

Understanding the Competitive Effects of Blessed Milkthistle Densities on Wheat

Entendendo os Efeitos Competitivos das Densidades de Cardo-mariano sobre o Trigo

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Weed-induced yield loss in wheat crop is a great threat to food security in Pakistan. A comprehensive understanding of weed-crop competition is very important to develop sustainable and cost-effective weed management. For this purpose, two-year field studies were conducted to determine the effect of different blessed milkthistle densities on the phenology and yield of wheat crop in a rice-wheat cropping scheme in Sargodha, Pakistan during 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. The experiment comprised seven treatments: control (weed free), weedy check (weedy without any control) and blessed milkthistle densities of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 plants m-2. In response to increasing weed density, a gradual reduction in yield and yield-related traits of wheat was noted. Compared to the weed-free control, a significant reduction in number of productive tillers m-2 (20% and 18%), plant height (15% and 18%), spike length (19% and 26%), number of grains spike-1 (23% and 26%), 1000 grain weight (28% and 28%), grain (29% and 30%) and biological (20% and 24%) yields of wheat occurred at and beyond blessed milkthistle density of 5 plants m-2 during 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 respectively. It can be concluded that blessed milkthistle weed must be controlled if its population density reaches 5 plants m-2 in order to avoid significant grain yield losses in wheat.

Keywords:
blessed milkthistle; density; phenology; rice-wheat cropping systems; yield

Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas Departamento de Fitotecnia - DFT, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, 36570-000 - Viçosa-MG - Brasil, Tel./Fax::(+55 31) 3899-2611 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
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[1] * Corresponding author: <rafi.qamar@uos.edu.pk>

Regression equation	Adj. (R²) (%)	R² (%)	Number of productive tillers m^-2	Plant height (cm)	Spike length (cm)	Number of grains spike^-1	1000-grain weight (g)	Grain yield (Mg ha^-1)
$B Y = - 8.30 + 0.15 x N P T$	95.1	95.4	**
$B Y = - 19.26 + 0.32 x P H$	40.2	43.2		ns
$B Y = 5.40 + 062 x S L$	66.6	68.3			ns
$B Y = - 10.13 + 0.54 x N G S$	92.0	92.4				**
$B Y = - 10.52 + 0.52 x G W$	78.7	79.7					**
$B Y = - 5.57 + 3.86 x G Y$	95.5	95.7						**
$B Y = - 4.36 + 0.08 x N P T - 0.09 x P H - 0.05 x S L + 0.25 x N G S + 0.02 G W + 0.72 x G Y$	99.2	99.4	**	**	**	**	**	**

Regression equation	Adj. (R²) (%)	R²	Number of productive tillers m^-2	Plant height (cm)	Spike length (cm)	Number of grains spike^-1	1000-grain weight (g)	Grain yield (Mg ha^-1)
$B Y = - 30.73 + 0.31 x N P T$	91.2	91.6	**
$B Y = - 26.01 + 037 x P H$	93.8	94.1		**
$B Y = 0.76 + 1.02 x S L$	83.6	84.4			**
$B Y = - 9.72 + 0.47 x N G S$	90.8	91.3				**
$B Y = - 6.77 + 040 x G W$	97.9	98.0					**
$B Y = - 8.55 + 4.71 x G Y$	76.6	77.8						**
$B Y = - 7.26 - 0.07 x N P T + 0.14 x P H + 0.07 x S L - 0.07 x N G S + 0.39 x G W - 0.12 x G Y$	99.2	99.4	**	**	**	**	**	**