Comparative Productivity and Seed Nutrition of Cotton by Plant Growth Regulation under Deficient and Adequate Boron Conditions

ZOHAIB, A.; JABBAR, A.; AHMAD, R.; BASRA, S.M.A.

doi:10.1590/S0100-83582018360100040

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Article • Planta daninha 36 • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582018360100040 copy

Comparative Productivity and Seed Nutrition of Cotton by Plant Growth Regulation under Deficient and Adequate Boron Conditions

Produtividade Comparativa e Nutrição de Sementes de Algodão por Regulação de Crescimento Vegetal sob Condições de Boro Deficientes e Adequadas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) potentially improve the productivity and nutritional quality of crops through modulation of morphology, physiology and nutrient dynamics within plants. However, the effect of PGRs may differ under environments with deficient and adequate nutrients. Here the role of mepiquat chloride (MC) on the yield and seed nutritional quality of cotton was explored under boron (B) deficiency and adequate conditions in a two-year field study. Mepiquat chloride was foliar-applied at different dosages (0 and 70 mg L-1) and growth stages (squaring and flowering) and B was applied into soil (0, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 kg ha-1) to establish B deficiency and adequate levels. Seed cotton yield and seed nutritional quality were substantially higher under adequate B conditions, compared to B deficiency. Nonetheless, MC applications improved the seed cotton yield, seed oil yield, seed protein yield and concentration of seed mineral nutrients (N, P, K, B, Zn and Fe except for Mn) under both B deficiency and adequate conditions. Nonetheless, the improvement in all traits caused by MC application was greater under adequate B conditions (2-2.5 kg ha-1 B), compared to B deficiency conditions. Furthermore, the application of MC at squaring proved more beneficial in improving the seed cotton yield and nutritional quality, compared to the flowering stage. In conclusion, MC application improves seed cotton yield and cotton seed nutritional quality under both deficient and adequate B conditions, through an improved nutrient accumulation in seed tissues; however, the efficacy of MC is affected by B deficiency.

Keywords:
Boron deficiency; Mepiquat chloride; Seed cotton yield; Cotton seed nutritional quality; Nutrient Dynamics

Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas Departamento de Fitotecnia - DFT, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, 36570-000 - Viçosa-MG - Brasil, Tel./Fax::(+55 31) 3899-2611 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
E-mail: rpdaninha@gmail.com

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[1] * Corresponding author: <alizohaib208@gmail.com>

Month	Total rainfall (mm)		Relative humidity (%)		Temperature (^oC)						Sunshine (h)
	Total rainfall (mm)		Relative humidity (%)		Monthly maximum		Monthly minimum		Daily mean		Sunshine (h)
	2014	2015	2014	2015	2014	2015	2014	2015	2014	2015	2014	2015
May	41.2	17.0	33.2	27.5	36.6	38.7	23.7	24.9	30.1	31.8	10.4	10.4
June	7.1	11.6	33.5	39.0	40.9	38.0	28.1	25.6	34.5	31.8	9.4	9.4
July	57.5	128.0	53.9	61.1	37.0	34.9	28.0	27.0	32.5	31.0	9.0	5.1
August	4.8	48.4	52.7	60.4	37.1	35.9	27.3	26.7	32.2	31.3	9.1	7.0
September	140.2	75.2	61.2	51.6	33.9	35.4	24.5	24.4	29.2	29.9	7.7	8.2
October	3.6	14.5	54.6	52.9	31.3	32.2	19.1	19.1	25.2	25.4	7.8	8.3
November	10.0	8.8	61.7	61.5	26.3	27.1	11.5	12.1	18.9	19.6	7.6	6.6

Treatment	2014				2015
Treatment	M₀	M₁	M₂	Mean	M₀	M₁	M₂	Mean
Seed cotton yield (kg ha^-1)
Control treatment	2219 f	2440 def	2384 ef	2348 C	2125 f	2319 ef	2250 ef	2231 C
1 kg ha^-1 B	2366 ef	2479 c-f	2471 c-f	2439 BC	2204 ef	2410 cde	2315 ef	2310 C
1.5 kg ha^-1 B	2423 def	2647 cd	2542 cde	2537 B	2273 ef	2565 bcd	2415 cde	2418 B
2 kg ha^-1 B	2501 cde	2925 ab	2727 bc	2718 A	2329 def	2696 ab	2598 bc	2541 A
2.5 kg ha^-1 B	2487 cde	3099 a	2917 ab	2834 A	2309 ef	2841 a	2738 ab	2629 A
Mean	2399 C	2718 A	2608 B		2248 C	2566 A	2463 B
Ash content (%)
Control treatment	3.97	4.31	4.39	4.22 C	4.16	4.55	4.40	4.37 B
1 kg ha^-1 B	4.05	4.42	4.43	4.30 BC	4.36	4.59	4.47	4.47 AB
1.5 kg ha^-1 B	4.21	4.52	4.42	4.38 ABC	4.55	4.69	4.55	4.60 AB
2 kg ha^-1 B	4.30	4.56	4.48	4.45 AB	4.55	4.80	4.55	4.63 A
2.5 kg ha^-1 B	4.36	4.70	4.52	4.53 A	4.58	4.78	4.60	4.66 A
Mean	4.18 B	4.50 A	4.45 A		4.44 B	4.68 A	4.52 B
Oil content (%)
Control treatment	19.11	20.15	19.84	19.70 B	18.13	19.24	18.87	18.75 B
1 kg ha^-1 B	19.67	20.19	19.97	19.94 AB	18.82	19.88	18.87	19.19 AB
1.5 kg ha^-1 B	19.97	20.59	20.02	20.19 AB	19.14	19.89	19.56	19.53 AB
2 kg ha^-1 B	20.28	20.93	20.41	20.54 AB	19.35	20.14	19.56	19.68 AB
2.5 kg ha^-1 B	20.23	20.93	20.53	20.56 A	19.38	20.44	19.79	19.87 A
Mean	19.85 B	20.56 A	20.15 AB		18.96 B	19.92 A	19.33 AB
Oil yield (kg ha^-1)
Control treatment	262 f	304 cde	291 def	286 C	240 g	278 def	265 efg	261 C
1 kg ha^-1 B	282 ef	303 cde	298 c-f	294 BC	255 fg	295 cde	269 efg	273 C
1.5 kg ha^-1 B	292 def	328 bcd	305 cde	308 B	266 efg	312 bc	289 cde	289 B
2 kg ha^-1 B	304 cde	365 ab	333 bc	334 A	276 ef	330 ab	308 bcd	305 A
2.5 kg ha^-1 B	302 cde	386 a	356 ab	348 A	273 efg	352 a	329 ab	318 A
Mean	288 C	337 A	317 B		262 C	313 A	292 B
Protein content (%)
Control treatment	19.63	20.52	20.11	20.08 B	19.42	20.37	19.72	19.84 B
1 kg ha^-1 B	20.19	20.86	20.61	20.56 AB	19.65	20.48	20.05	20.06 AB
1.5 kg ha^-1 B	20.38	21.21	20.95	20.85 AB	19.86	20.73	20.37	20.32 AB
2 kg ha^-1 B	20.71	21.46	21.10	21.09 AB	20.42	20.98	20.79	20.73 AB
2.5 kg ha^-1 B	20.71	21.58	21.27	21.18 A	20.47	21.29	20.79	20.85 A
Mean	20.32 B	21.12 A	20.81 AB		19.97 B	20.77 A	20.34 AB
Protein yield (kg ha^-1)
Control treatment	270 g	310 def	295 fg	291 C	258 g	294 def	277 efg	276 C
1 kg ha^-1 B	289 fg	313 def	308 ef	303 BC	267 fg	304 cde	286 efg	285 C
1.5 kg ha^-1 B	298 fg	337 cde	319 def	318 B	276 efg	325 bcd	301 cde	301 B
2 kg ha^-1 B	311 def	374 ab	344 bcd	343 A	291 ef	344 ab	327 bc	321 A
2.5 kg ha^-1 B	309 def	398 a	369 abc	359 A	288 efg	367 a	346 ab	333 A
Mean	295 C	346 A	327 B		276 C	327 A	307 B

Treatment	2014				2015
Treatment	M₀	M₁	M₂	Mean	M₀	M₁	M₂	Mean
Seed N content (mg g^-1 DW )
Control treatment	31.41	32.83	32.17	32.14 B	31.08	32.59	31.55	31.74 B
1 kg ha^-1 B	32.31	33.38	32.98	32.89 AB	31.44	32.77	32.08	32.10 AB
1.5 kg ha^-1 B	32.62	33.93	33.52	33.36 AB	31.78	33.17	32.59	32.51 AB
2 kg ha^-1 B	33.13	34.35	33.76	33.75 A	32.67	33.57	33.27	33.17 AB
2.5 kg ha^-1 B	33.13	34.52	34.04	33.90 A	32.75	34.06	33.27	33.36 A
Mean	32.52 B	33.80 A	33.29 AB		31.94 B	33.23 A	32.55 AB
Seed P content (mg g^-1 DW)
Control treatment	3.45	3.88	3.64	3.66 C	3.27	3.52	3.37	3.39 C
1 kg ha^-1 B	3.72	4.00	4.00	3.90 B	3.36	3.72	3.46	3.52 BC
1.5 kg ha^-1 B	3.82	4.07	3.99	3.96 AB	3.53	3.80	3.63	3.65 B
2 kg ha^-1 B	3.97	4.22	4.09	4.09 A	3.63	3.98	3.98	3.86 A
2.5 kg ha^-1 B	3.97	4.29	4.12	4.13 A	3.72	4.33	4.00	4.02 A
Mean	3.79 C	4.09 A	3.97 B		3.50 C	3.87 A	3.69 B
Seed K content (mg g^-1 DW)
Control treatment	18.65	20.88	19.83	19.79 C	17.67	19.24	18.63	18.51 C
1 kg ha^-1 B	19.27	20.82	20.78	20.29 BC	18.36	19.74	19.30	19.13 BC
1.5 kg ha^-1 B	19.76	22.40	21.61	21.25 ABC	18.76	20.05	19.72	19.51 ABC
2 kg ha^-1 B	19.84	23.24	21.60	21.56 AB	19.26	21.19	20.09	20.18 AB
2.5 kg ha^-1 B	20.40	24.17	22.48	22.35 A	19.57	21.77	19.95	20.43 A
Mean	19.58 C	22.30 A	21.26 B		18.72 C	20.40 A	19.54 B

Treatment	2014				2015
Treatment	M₀	M₁	M₂	Mean	M₀	M₁	M₂	Mean
Seed B content (µg g^-1 DW)
Control treatment	35.23 g	39.05 efg	37.91 fg	37.40 C	31.16 h	35.68 fg	33.15 gh	33.33D
1 kg ha^-1 B	40.03 d-g	42.94 c-f	40.77 def	41.25 B	34.79 fgh	37.11ef	35.93 fg	35.94 C
1.5 kg ha^-1 B	41.91 def	44.56 cd	42.72 c-f	43.06 B	36.14 fg	41.23 bcd	39.83 cde	39.07 B
2 kg ha^-1 B	43.52 cde	52.53 ab	47.93 bc	47.99 A	37.49 ef	44.02 ab	41.83 bcd	41.11 A
2.5 kg ha^-1 B	43.86 cde	56.10 a	50.82 ab	50.26 A	38.24 def	46.37 a	43.07 abc	42.56 A
Mean	40.91 C	47.04 A	44.03 B		35.56 C	40.88 A	38.76 B
Seed Zn content (µg g^-1 DW)
Control treatment	41.71	45.81	43.67	43.73 C	38.37	41.61	40.47	40.15 B
1 kg ha^-1 B	43.43	45.76	45.80	45.00 BC	39.67	42.89	41.41	41.32 AB
1.5 kg ha^-1 B	44.97	47.41	45.88	46.09 ABC	41.27	43.77	42.28	42.44 AB
2 kg ha^-1 B	45.71	48.23	47.56	47.17 AB	41.47	45.01	43.97	43.48 A
2.5 kg ha^-1 B	45.90	51.47	49.33	48.90 A	42.43	45.69	43.67	43.93 A
Mean	44.34 B	47.73 A	46.45 A		40.64 B	43.79 A	42.36 AB
Seed Mn content (µg g^-1 DW)
Control treatment	24.37	23.04	23.97	23.79 A	21.73	20.94	20.90	21.19 A
1 kg ha^-1 B	23.82	21.88	22.78	22.83 AB	21.42	20.17	20.65	20.75 AB
1.5 kg ha^-1 B	23.18	21.16	22.49	22.28 BC	20.43	19.41	19.59	19.81 BC
2 kg ha^-1 B	22.70	20.20	21.96	21.62 BC	20.09	18.33	19.75	19.39 C
2.5 kg ha^-1 B	22.30	20.09	20.47	20.95 C	19.43	18.16	19.19	18.92 C
Mean	23.27 A	21.27 C	22.33 B		20.62 A	19.40 B	20.02 AB
Seed Fe content (µg g^-1 DW)
Control treatment	172.57	173.56	174.78	173.64 D	166.57	175.09	170.39	170.68 C
1 kg ha^-1 B	175.76	180.68	181.19	179.21 CD	169.84	178.66	178.59	175.69 BC
1.5 kg ha^-1 B	180.87	187.79	184.19	184.28 BC	175.65	185.71	180.32	180.56 AB
2 kg ha^-1 B	184.37	197.32	188.43	190.04 AB	178.26	190.76	185.35	184.79 AB
2.5 kg ha^-1 B	187.63	207.98	196.68	197.43 A	178.03	195.96	185.71	186.57 A
Mean	180.24 B	189.47 A	185.06 AB		173.67 B	185.24 A	180.07 A