The Encyclopédie, work of greater importance in the diffusion of Enlightnment, was develloped with the contribution of several physicians, which emphasize their concerns about individuais and populations healthy. In the eighteenth century, primacy of science is stated as a new truth criterion. On criticizing eighteenth century's society, as to provoke changes in the world, physicians and phylosophers show their concerns" about childhood, parentless children, motherly milk-feeding, mother's behavior and nourishers restraint - ali relevant subjects, as well as of population's interest. As a matter of fact, population starts then to be considered as nation's richness source. Yet in the second half of the eighteenth century, hospital is medicalized. As a place of healing, it will pass through disciplinary changes, thus showing a new spatial distribution. The previously present "crisis doctrine" is then exceeded by last century's arisen classificatory medicai science - in spide of some remaining hypocratic precepts. Therefore, one coult undoubtedly say that a new management concerning life, death and reproduction is being asserted.